This paper uses a new method combining nanosecond laser processing technology and sol-gel to design and manufacture mechanically robust micro-nano structure and modified SiO2@PDMS coating on copper substrate. The superhydrophobic composite surface was successfully synthesized with a water contact angle of 159.5° and a sliding angle of 0°. The characterization of the prepared superhydrophobic surface #3 was studied by optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, self-cleaning, wear resistance, anti-icing, corrosion resistance, and NaCl deliquescence behavior were evaluated. The results show that surface #3 can efficiently remove contaminants within 200 s. In the anti-icing experiment, the delayed icing time and ice adhesion strength of surface #3 are 3.33 times and 3.86% of that of the ordinary copper surface, respectively, which can make the icicle slide easily. In the electrochemical test, the corrosion current density decreased by order of magnitude, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency reached 90.57%. Based on its excellent self-cleaning, mechanical robustness, anti-icing, and anti-corrosion properties, we believe that the composite modified surface of the laser-textured@SiO2@PDMS protective layer designed and manufactured in this study is expected to be used in engineering fields such as refrigeration, power grid, automobile and aerospace in the future.