A dual solvent evaporation route for preserving carbon nanoparticle fluorescence in silica gel and producing white light-emitting diodes

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Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles (C-NPs) are novel and competitive luminescent materials both in academic research and practical applications owing to their environment-friendly behavior and high abundance on Earth. Despite the successes in preparing strongly luminescent C-NPs, preserving the luminescence in solid materials is still challenging. With the aim to produce C-NP-based white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs), in this work, solvent-dispersible C-NPs are embedded into commercial silica gel via a dual solvent evaporation route. The basic idea is to lower the evaporation rate of the solvents, thus leading to a good dispersion of the C-NPs in the silica gel. This method avoids the aggregation-induced emission quenching of C-NPs in solid materials, and therefore preserves the strong luminescence in the C-NPs/silica gel composites. The composites are further blended with polydimethylsiloxane and act as the color conversion layer on InGaN UV-blue emitting chips, which produces LEDs with a bright white emission.

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