José Benício Paes Chaves

The study evaluated the effects of corn grain deterioration under different storage conditions in processed feeds and broiler digestibility. The corn grains were stored in chambers (quality corn and contaminated corn) at different storage temperatures and relative humidity (10 °C and 90%, 30 °C and 40%), and the evaluations were carried out at five storage times (zero, three, six, nine, and twelve months). After feed formulation (zero, six, and twelve months of corn stored), the broilers (504 animals) were fed for up to 14 days. The excreta collection was done twice per day for metabolism analysis. The 10 °C and 90% RH conditions influenced the loss of dry matter; the physical quality of corn grain was lower for the 30 °C and 90% RH conditions. When we obtained lower dry matter losses, the microbiological and mycotoxin levels were directly influenced by the loss of dry matter in corn. The storage time increased the risk of fungi (8.5 × 10⁷ CFU g⁻¹), bacteria (7.5 × 10⁶ CFU g⁻¹), and aflatoxins (64.96 µg kg⁻¹), reaching levels above acceptable limits for the corn quality and interfering with digestibility and animal metabolism. In addition, the storage time was the determining factor in the nutritional loss of corn quality, feed, and animal digestibility. Furthermore, the storage time reduced the levels of crude protein (5%), gross energy in the feed (3200 kcal kg⁻¹), metabolizable energy (3000 kcal kg⁻¹), and animal digestibility (3100 kcal kg⁻¹) after six months of storage. Based on the results of this study, the feed processing industry should pay close attention to the origin of stored corn and the associated environmental conditions, as these factors led to significant changes in grain quality, directly impacting animal nutrition and production. Therefore, it is recommended that the production chain invest more in the sector—specifically in adequate infrastructure and grain storage monitoring and control systems—to provide higher-quality raw materials to the processing industry.

Sensory profile of minimally processed Jambu / Perfil sensorial da Jambu minimalmente processada

The corn is the most used raw materials in the diets of animals and also for human consumption. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the loss of dry matter of corn stored in climate chambers under different conditions of temperature and relative humidity (10 °C and 90% RH, 30 °C and 40% RH). The experiment was conducted in the area of ​​Pre-Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Federal University of Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The grains of corn (Zea mays L.) were stored in bags and chambers, in a completely randomized factorial (2x2x5), two types of corn (quality and deteriorated), two temperatures and relative humidity of storage (10% and 90 0C, 30 0C and 40%) and five storage times (zero, three, six, nine and twelve month). A total 4,000 kg of corn was used, divided into four lots of 1,000 kilograms. The following results were obtained: corn deteriorated showed higher dry matter losses during the storage time, the conditions of 10 °C and 90% RH air influence on the loss of dry matter, the physical quality of corn grain was lower for the conditions of 30 °C and 90% RH air, when we obtained lower dry matter losses, the microbiological was directly influenced by the loss of dry matter of corn. It was concluded that, irrespective of the loss of dry matter of corn, product quality was reduced from three months of storage, being the worst results for the conditions of 10 °C and 90% RH in air and corn deteriorated

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quantity, costs and contaminations of the physical losses of products (corn, meals, flours, feeds, and micro ingredients) caused by the maintenance system utilized in equipment of the different stages of a feed production mill.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quantity, costs and contaminations of the physical losses of products (corn, meals, flours, feeds, and micro ingredients) caused by the maintenance system utilized in equipment of the different stages of a feed production mill. The experiment was conducted in a feed industry with production capacity of 1,000 ton day-1. Firstly, an assessment of the maintenance system used in the feed mill was performed, after the products losses were quantified in the external and internal sectors of the milling steps. Two methods were utilized for loss quantification: per sector and per equipment of the feed industry. Samples of the products were collected in different points of the area evaluated for counting of fungi and salmonella colonies, insects and mites. The results showed that a large number of maintenances were not performed within the programmed period, up to 70%. In addition, the equipment maintenance system utilized in the feed milling significantly influenced product losses, reaching 120 kg and costs of US$ 38 per hour worked. The microbiological analysis presented a high contamination index by fungi and salmonellas sp. (7,4 x 104 CFU g-1) in corn grain.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de carbamato de etila, o grau alcoólico e a acidez volátil em cachaças e aguardentes de cana. As amostras foram obtidas de fabricantes de São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo e Ceará, de sistema de produção em destilador de cobre ou coluna de aço inoxidável, e de estabelecimentos registrados ou não. As análises de acidez volátil e de grau alcoólico foram realizadas conforme metodologia descrita pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Os teores de carbamato de etila foram determinados pelo método de padronização externa, em sistema de cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa (CG/EM), utilizando-se o modo MSI (Monitoramento Seletivo de Íons) para a quantificação. Os valores obtidos para o grau alcoólico variaram de 32,4 a 49,2 ºGL, sendo o teor médio de 40, 4 ºGL. Observou-se que 17 (22,7%) das bebidas apresentaram o grau alcoólico abaixo de 38 ºGL, que representa o valor mínimo imposto pela legislação vigente. Somente uma cachaça apresentou o grau alcoólico acima de 48 ºGL, limite máximo para esta bebida. Dentre as bebidas analisadas, 24 (32%) apresentaram acidez volátil acima do limite máximo. Os valores obtidos das 75 bebidas para o carbamato de etila variaram de 20 a 948 µg/L, apresentando um teor médio de 378, 25 µg/L. Somente 10 das 75 bebidas apresentaram teores de carbamato de etila abaixo de 150 µg/L, que é o limite máximo permitido pela Instrução Normativa nº 13 de 21 de junho de 2005.

As farinhas de origem animal apresentam potencial de contaminação microbiológica, no entanto, são ainda muito utilizadas na formulação de dietas para animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica das farinhas de origem animal processados em oito unidades distribuídas no estado de Minas Gerais. As amostras de farinhas de vísceras (248), de carne e ossos (224), e farinhas de penas (216) foram coletadas para avaliação microbiológica no recebimento de uma fábrica de ração, localizada na cidade de Viconde do Rio Branco, MG. Os resultados demonstraram um elevado índice de contaminação bacteriana pelas espécies Salmonella sp. (5,3x102) e Staphylococcus sp. (4,5x105), coliformes totais (2,8x105), coliformes termotolerantes (3,3x105), mesófi los totais (4.7x105), e colônias de fungos (3,6x105). As farinhas de origem animal processadas na unidade “A” apresentaram os maiores níveis de contaminação microbiológica. Além disso, as farinhas de vísceras foram os subprodutos com qualidade inferior. As farinhas de origem animal obtidas nas unidades de processamento estão fora do padrão exigido pela legislação no que se refere a qualidade microbiológica e colocam em risco a qualidade fi nal da ração. Concluiuse que as farinhas de origem animal não atendem a qualidade mínima para serem comercializadas para as fábricas de rações.

Este trabalho objetivou estudar a cinética de degradação de suco integral manga Ubá por testes acelerados e estimar sua vida-de-prateleira a 25°C. Para isso, amostras do produto foram armazenadas em estufas tipo BOD a 25, 35 e 45°C, providas de iluminação (650lux) 24 horas por dia. As características físico-químicas que mais influenciaram na qualidade do produto foram as coordenadas de cor (L* e ∆E*) e a concentração de vitamina C. A alteração da cor seguiu o modelo cinético de ordem zero, sendo verificado um escurecimento dos produtos mantidos a 35°C e 45°C, enquanto que a degradação da vitamina C foi mais bem explicada pelo modelo de primeira ordem. Houve correlação significativa entre a concentração de vitamina C e os valores de L* e ∆E* (P

This study evaluated the influence of packaging and labeling attributes of sugarcane spirit on consumers' behavior by applying the results of conjoint analysis in sugarcane spirit market share simulation. Firstly, a conjoint analysis was performed aiming to estimate the part-worths of each consumer for some sugarcane spirit packaging and labeling attributes. These part-worths were used in the market share simulation using the maximum utility model. It was observed that some packaging and labeling attributes affected consumer's purchase intention and that most consumers showed a similar preference pattern regarding these attributes. These consumers showed preference for the Seleta brand, which was bottled in 700 mL clear glass bottles with a metal screw cap that bore a label illustration unrelated to sugarcane spirit production process and had the information "aged 36 months in oak barrels". This study also showed that conjoint analysis and the use of its results in the market share simulation proved important tools to better understand consumer behavior towards intention to purchase sugarcane spirit.