Carlos Pedro Boechat Soares
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Previous Organizations / Institutes
The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years
Research Subjects
Carlos Pedro Boechat Soares has a total of 151 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Helio Garcia Leite
Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
30 shared publications - Agostinho Lopes de Souza
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil
13 shared publications - Laércio Antônio Gonçalves Jacovine
Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
12 shared publications - Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres
Forestry Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
11 shared publications - Gilson Fernandes da Silva
Federal University of Espírito Santo
11 shared publications - Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro
Universidade Federal de São João del Rei
6 shared publications
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 16 January 2026
- Published by Universidade Federal do Parana in FLORESTA
- Vol. 56 (1) , e100425
VEGETATION SUCCESSIONAL STRATA CLASSIFICATION IN THE AMAZON ESTUARY THROUGH QUANTILE REGRESSION
Vegetation successional strata classification is essential for guiding forest management and conservation, particularly in Amazonian floodplain environments. This study sought to classify successional stages in a floodplain forest of the Amazon estuary by adjusting height–diameter models using quantile regression. Data were collected from a permanent forest inventory in Gurupá, Pará. Two models (Curtis and Stoffels) were tested, and their performance was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Akaike information criterion (AIC), bias, and mean absolute deviation (MAD). Residual distribution and trend line plots were also analyzed. Quantile regression proved to be an efficient method for fitting the models, with the Stoffels equation showing the best performance. By adjusting its coefficients, this equation enabled the classification of species across different successional strata, demonstrating the potential of quantile regression as a robust tool for analyzing forest structure in heterogeneous environments.
- 16 January 2026
- Published by Universidade Federal do Parana in FLORESTA
- Vol. 56 (1) , e100425
Open AccessVEGETATION SUCCESSIONAL STRATA CLASSIFICATION IN THE AMAZON ESTUARY THROUGH QUANTILE REGRESSION
Vegetation successional strata classification is essential for guiding forest management and conservation, particularly in Amazonian floodplain environments. This study sought to classify successional stages in a floodplain forest of the Amazon estuary by adjusting height–diameter models using quantile regression. Data were collected from a permanent forest inventory in Gurupá, Pará. Two models (Curtis and Stoffels) were tested, and their performance was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Akaike information criterion (AIC), bias, and mean absolute deviation (MAD). Residual distribution and trend line plots were also analyzed. Quantile regression proved to be an efficient method for fitting the models, with the Stoffels equation showing the best performance. By adjusting its coefficients, this equation enabled the classification of species across different successional strata, demonstrating the potential of quantile regression as a robust tool for analyzing forest structure in heterogeneous environments.
- Open Access
- 1 January 2026
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in Brazilian Journal of Biology
- Vol. 86, e301052
Growth modeling in diameter and height at individual tree level for seasonal semi-deciduous forest
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare two methodologies for estimating diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height at the individual tree level over time: (i) direct projection of future tree diameter and height (dbh2 and Ht2) and (ii) projection of the annual periodic increment in diameter (APId) and height (APIHt), which, when added to the initial values, provide estimates of future dbh and height. The data were obtained from 10 permanent plots installed in a seasonal semi-deciduous forest fragment located in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, monitored over a 14-year period with measurements conducted in 1994, 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2008. The dataset was randomly divided into two subsets, with six plots used for model fitting and four plots for validation. The results indicated that equations based on the direct projection of future diameter and height provided a better fit to the observed data than those based on estimating annual periodic increments and subsequently reconstructing the state variables. In the validation process, both methodologies showed satisfactory performance, with a slight superiority for the approach based on the projection of annual periodic increments.
- 1 January 2026
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in Brazilian Journal of Biology
- Vol. 86, e301052
Open AccessGrowth modeling in diameter and height at individual tree level for seasonal semi-deciduous forest
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare two methodologies for estimating diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height at the individual tree level over time: (i) direct projection of future tree diameter and height (dbh2 and Ht2) and (ii) projection of the annual periodic increment in diameter (APId) and height (APIHt), which, when added to the initial values, provide estimates of future dbh and height. The data were obtained from 10 permanent plots installed in a seasonal semi-deciduous forest fragment located in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, monitored over a 14-year period with measurements conducted in 1994, 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2008. The dataset was randomly divided into two subsets, with six plots used for model fitting and four plots for validation. The results indicated that equations based on the direct projection of future diameter and height provided a better fit to the observed data than those based on estimating annual periodic increments and subsequently reconstructing the state variables. In the validation process, both methodologies showed satisfactory performance, with a slight superiority for the approach based on the projection of annual periodic increments.
- Open Access
- 22 May 2025
- Published by Embrapa Florestas in Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira
- Vol. 45
Efeito do tamanho de seções de medição no ajuste de equações volumétricas de eucalipto
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a combinação de diferentes comprimentos de seções do tronco na precisão das equações de volume do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake x Eucalyptus grandis W. Mill ex Maiden. Foram utilizados dados de 70 árvores provenientes de um plantio experimental com 8 anos de idade. Os diâmetros ao longo dos troncos foram medidos em intervalos de 0,50 m até o diâmetro mínimo de 4 cm, permitindo o cálculo de volumes em seções de 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 m de comprimento, pelas expressões matemáticas de Smalian, Huber e Newton. Foi possível concluir que: a) o tamanho da seção no procedimento de cubagem de árvores afeta diretamente a precisão das estimativas de volume individual, sendo que seções de maiores tamanhos resultam em equações que geram erros relativamente maiores; b) para seções de mesmo tamanho, as equações volumétricas ajustadas com dados de volume obtidos pelas expressões matemáticas de Huber, Newton e Smalian apresentam maior proximidade estatística com os volumes reais das árvores, indicada por p-valores mais elevados. Contudo, ao aumentar o comprimento da seção, em alguns casos, as equações volumétricas se tornaram estatisticamente diferentes entre si, mesmo quando calculadas com a mesma expressão matemática.
- 22 May 2025
- Published by Embrapa Florestas in Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira
- Vol. 45
Open AccessEfeito do tamanho de seções de medição no ajuste de equações volumétricas de eucalipto
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a combinação de diferentes comprimentos de seções do tronco na precisão das equações de volume do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake x Eucalyptus grandis W. Mill ex Maiden. Foram utilizados dados de 70 árvores provenientes de um plantio experimental com 8 anos de idade. Os diâmetros ao longo dos troncos foram medidos em intervalos de 0,50 m até o diâmetro mínimo de 4 cm, permitindo o cálculo de volumes em seções de 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 m de comprimento, pelas expressões matemáticas de Smalian, Huber e Newton. Foi possível concluir que: a) o tamanho da seção no procedimento de cubagem de árvores afeta diretamente a precisão das estimativas de volume individual, sendo que seções de maiores tamanhos resultam em equações que geram erros relativamente maiores; b) para seções de mesmo tamanho, as equações volumétricas ajustadas com dados de volume obtidos pelas expressões matemáticas de Huber, Newton e Smalian apresentam maior proximidade estatística com os volumes reais das árvores, indicada por p-valores mais elevados. Contudo, ao aumentar o comprimento da seção, em alguns casos, as equações volumétricas se tornaram estatisticamente diferentes entre si, mesmo quando calculadas com a mesma expressão matemática.
- Open Access
- 30 April 2025
- Published by Embrapa Florestas in Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira
- Vol. 45
Efeito do tamanho da amostra no ajuste de equações de volume de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do número de árvores por classe de diâmetro no ajuste de equações de volume de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. Foram utilizados dados de cubagem de 480 árvores de eucalipto, calculadas pela fórmula de Smalian, sendo distribuídas em dez classes de diâmetros com amplitude de 2 cm cada classe (48 árvores por classe). O modelo volumétrico selecionado para as análises foi o de Schumacher & Hall e a estimativas dos coeficientes do modelo foram obtidas utilizando o ambiente de programação R pelo método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários. Foi constatado que: a) equações de volume referentes ao modelo de Schumacher & Hall, em sua forma linear, ajustadas a partir de 8 árvores por classe de diâmetro, forneceram estimativas de volume similares às obtidas pelo emprego da equação com 48 árvores por classe e b) o aumento do número de árvores por classe de diâmetro resultou em uma diminuição dos erros médios e da variabilidade dos erros em todas as classes, sobretudo nas maiores, uma vez que as estimativas dos parâmetros das equações ajustadas foram não viesadas.
- 30 April 2025
- Published by Embrapa Florestas in Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira
- Vol. 45
Open AccessEfeito do tamanho da amostra no ajuste de equações de volume de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do número de árvores por classe de diâmetro no ajuste de equações de volume de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. Foram utilizados dados de cubagem de 480 árvores de eucalipto, calculadas pela fórmula de Smalian, sendo distribuídas em dez classes de diâmetros com amplitude de 2 cm cada classe (48 árvores por classe). O modelo volumétrico selecionado para as análises foi o de Schumacher & Hall e a estimativas dos coeficientes do modelo foram obtidas utilizando o ambiente de programação R pelo método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários. Foi constatado que: a) equações de volume referentes ao modelo de Schumacher & Hall, em sua forma linear, ajustadas a partir de 8 árvores por classe de diâmetro, forneceram estimativas de volume similares às obtidas pelo emprego da equação com 48 árvores por classe e b) o aumento do número de árvores por classe de diâmetro resultou em uma diminuição dos erros médios e da variabilidade dos erros em todas as classes, sobretudo nas maiores, uma vez que as estimativas dos parâmetros das equações ajustadas foram não viesadas.
- Open Access
- 5 March 2025
- Published by Brazilian Journals in OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA
- Vol. 23 (3) , e9409
Assessing sampling efficiency and artificial neural networks for tree height prediction and site index classification in forest stands
Forest management relies on accurate growth and harvest stock estimations, typically obtained through forest inventories. This study evaluated sampling strategies for training Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict tree heights, aiming to minimize sampling effort and associated costs, and assessed the efficiency of using these predictions for site index classification. Data were collected from Pinus taeda L. spacing experiment in southern Brazil, encompassing measurements from 3 to 15 years of age. Four scenarios were evaluated: (a) adjusting height-diameter equations with varying sample sizes, (b) applying equations from one age to the next, (c) training ANNs with different sample sizes, and (d) using ANNs trained in one year for subsequent years. Results showed that ANNs, particularly with a sample of three trees per plot (Scenario c), provided superior height predictions compared to traditional height-diameter relationships, achieving higher correlation and lower error. While applying ANNs trained in one year to the next (Scenario d) showed reduced accuracy, Scenario (c) maintained high precision. The use of ANN-predicted heights for site index classification was also deemed viable. The study demonstrates that ANNs can significantly reduce the sampling effort required for forest inventories while maintaining accuracy in height estimation and site productivity assessment. The findings support the continued use of the established practice of measuring three trees per plot for ANN training, optimizing both cost and precision in forest inventory processes.
- 5 March 2025
- Published by Brazilian Journals in OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA
- Vol. 23 (3) , e9409
Open AccessAssessing sampling efficiency and artificial neural networks for tree height prediction and site index classification in forest stands
Forest management relies on accurate growth and harvest stock estimations, typically obtained through forest inventories. This study evaluated sampling strategies for training Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict tree heights, aiming to minimize sampling effort and associated costs, and assessed the efficiency of using these predictions for site index classification. Data were collected from Pinus taeda L. spacing experiment in southern Brazil, encompassing measurements from 3 to 15 years of age. Four scenarios were evaluated: (a) adjusting height-diameter equations with varying sample sizes, (b) applying equations from one age to the next, (c) training ANNs with different sample sizes, and (d) using ANNs trained in one year for subsequent years. Results showed that ANNs, particularly with a sample of three trees per plot (Scenario c), provided superior height predictions compared to traditional height-diameter relationships, achieving higher correlation and lower error. While applying ANNs trained in one year to the next (Scenario d) showed reduced accuracy, Scenario (c) maintained high precision. The use of ANN-predicted heights for site index classification was also deemed viable. The study demonstrates that ANNs can significantly reduce the sampling effort required for forest inventories while maintaining accuracy in height estimation and site productivity assessment. The findings support the continued use of the established practice of measuring three trees per plot for ANN training, optimizing both cost and precision in forest inventory processes.
- Open Access
- 5 March 2025
- Published by Brazilian Journals in REVISTA DELOS
- Vol. 18 (65) , e4264
Proposta de um novo índice de circularidade para avaliação da forma de áreas irregulares
A quantificação da circularidade de formas planas é um problema relevante em diversas áreas do conhecimento, incluindo a ecologia da paisagem, a análise de bacias hidrográficas e o processamento de imagens. Assim sendo, este estudo, que utiliza polígonos representando fragmentos florestais do bioma Caatinga, foi realizado para avaliar diferentes índices de circularidade. Os índices mais utilizados para essa finalidade são baseados na razão isoperimétrica, que relaciona a área de um objeto ao círculo de mesmo perímetro. No entanto, estudos demonstram que esse índice apresenta alta sensibilidade a pequenas variações no contorno, violando princípios fundamentais da metrologia, como a regra determinativa. Além do índice tradicional, este trabalho avalia dois métodos alternativos: um baseado na maximização da interseção entre um fragmento e um círculo ajustado (IC2) e outro baseado na variação dos raios em torno de um círculo ajustado por regressão linear (IC3), sendo este último proposto pelos autores. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os métodos são mais robustos que a razão isoperimétrica, sendo o IC3 a melhor opção por combinar estabilidade e baixo custo computacional.
- 5 March 2025
- Published by Brazilian Journals in REVISTA DELOS
- Vol. 18 (65) , e4264
Open AccessProposta de um novo índice de circularidade para avaliação da forma de áreas irregulares
A quantificação da circularidade de formas planas é um problema relevante em diversas áreas do conhecimento, incluindo a ecologia da paisagem, a análise de bacias hidrográficas e o processamento de imagens. Assim sendo, este estudo, que utiliza polígonos representando fragmentos florestais do bioma Caatinga, foi realizado para avaliar diferentes índices de circularidade. Os índices mais utilizados para essa finalidade são baseados na razão isoperimétrica, que relaciona a área de um objeto ao círculo de mesmo perímetro. No entanto, estudos demonstram que esse índice apresenta alta sensibilidade a pequenas variações no contorno, violando princípios fundamentais da metrologia, como a regra determinativa. Além do índice tradicional, este trabalho avalia dois métodos alternativos: um baseado na maximização da interseção entre um fragmento e um círculo ajustado (IC2) e outro baseado na variação dos raios em torno de um círculo ajustado por regressão linear (IC3), sendo este último proposto pelos autores. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os métodos são mais robustos que a razão isoperimétrica, sendo o IC3 a melhor opção por combinar estabilidade e baixo custo computacional.
- Open Access
- 5 April 2024
- Published by Sociedade de Investigacoes Florestais (SIF) in Revista Árvore
- Vol. 48, 1-14
A methodology to estimate the volume and stem taper based on solids of revolutions
The knowledge and identification of stem forms allow more accurate quantification of timber resources as the volume and knowledge of aspects related to species genetics and environmental factors on tree growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was the development of methodology based on concepts of solids of revolution to identify the different forms along the tree stems; define the most appropriate formulas to compute the volume of each part of the stem; and estimate diameters along the stems (stem taper). For this, data from 27 felled sample trees of Eucalyptus grandis, separated equally into nine diameter classes, with 60 months of age, planted under 3 × 3 meters spacing were used to establish the relationships between the variables and develop the methodology. For the set of sample trees, the basal part of the stems resembled a neiloid, a cone at the center, and a paraboloid at the top. The differences between stem volumes obtained by applying specific formulas for each stem section and those obtained by a single formula for all sections were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The proposed methodology provided accurate estimates of diameters outside the bark compared to the diameters estimated by the taper models for most sample trees, showing the potential of using the methodology as an alternative to traditional methods.
- 5 April 2024
- Published by Sociedade de Investigacoes Florestais (SIF) in Revista Árvore
- Vol. 48, 1-14
Open AccessA methodology to estimate the volume and stem taper based on solids of revolutions
The knowledge and identification of stem forms allow more accurate quantification of timber resources as the volume and knowledge of aspects related to species genetics and environmental factors on tree growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was the development of methodology based on concepts of solids of revolution to identify the different forms along the tree stems; define the most appropriate formulas to compute the volume of each part of the stem; and estimate diameters along the stems (stem taper). For this, data from 27 felled sample trees of Eucalyptus grandis, separated equally into nine diameter classes, with 60 months of age, planted under 3 × 3 meters spacing were used to establish the relationships between the variables and develop the methodology. For the set of sample trees, the basal part of the stems resembled a neiloid, a cone at the center, and a paraboloid at the top. The differences between stem volumes obtained by applying specific formulas for each stem section and those obtained by a single formula for all sections were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The proposed methodology provided accurate estimates of diameters outside the bark compared to the diameters estimated by the taper models for most sample trees, showing the potential of using the methodology as an alternative to traditional methods.
- Open Access
- 1 January 2024
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in CERNE
- Vol. 30, e-103401
Assessing equality of production and internal structure of twin plots in clonal eucalypt plantations: analyzing early measurements
Background: Extensive research seeks to improve forest management by understanding the effects of silvicultural treatments on productivity. Continuous forest inventory (CFI) plots offer valuable data for such studies. However, accuracy relies heavily on the twin plot concept, where two adjacent plots (twins) are established to isolate treatment effects from natural variation. This study explored the validity of the twin plot concept by analyzing data from 191 plot pairs in clonal eucalypt plantations. Specifically, it aimed to assess the equality of production volume and the internal structure between CFI plots and their twin plots.
- 1 January 2024
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in CERNE
- Vol. 30, e-103401
Open AccessAssessing equality of production and internal structure of twin plots in clonal eucalypt plantations: analyzing early measurements
Background: Extensive research seeks to improve forest management by understanding the effects of silvicultural treatments on productivity. Continuous forest inventory (CFI) plots offer valuable data for such studies. However, accuracy relies heavily on the twin plot concept, where two adjacent plots (twins) are established to isolate treatment effects from natural variation. This study explored the validity of the twin plot concept by analyzing data from 191 plot pairs in clonal eucalypt plantations. Specifically, it aimed to assess the equality of production volume and the internal structure between CFI plots and their twin plots.
- 20 January 2023
- Published by Springer Nature in Agroforestry Systems
- Vol. 97 (4) , 495-508
Eucalypt modeling as a function of spatial arrangement in agrosilvopastoral systems
- 20 January 2023
- Published by Springer Nature in Agroforestry Systems
- Vol. 97 (4) , 495-508
Eucalypt modeling as a function of spatial arrangement in agrosilvopastoral systems