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Dengue virus (DENV) infection is caused by Aedes sp. mosquitoes such as A. aegypti, A. albopictus, and A. scutellaris. DENV has been reported to possess a cell tropism consisting of mast cells, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, macrophages, langerhans, and keratinocytes. Viral replication consists of various stages such as attachment, fusion, replication of genetic material, assembly, and virus release. Fusion inhibitors often act to interfere with the endocytosis process mediated by parts on the virus and host receptor. However, few previous studies have used in silico approaches to screen candidate DENV fusion inhibitors with bioactive compounds. Several volatile compounds such as flavonoids contained in Sonchus arvensis L. leaf extracts are predicted to have potential for treatment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the activity of volatile compounds from Sonchus arvensis L. to inhibit DENV fusion through in silico approach. The in silico methods used were ligand collection, protein retrieval, druglikeness prediction, virtual screening, molecular interaction analysis, molecular dynamics, toxicity profiling, and antiviral probability. The results showed that volatile compounds from Sonchus arvensis L. consisting of Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Phytol, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl)ester, and Benzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester could inhibit DENV fusion through binding to DENV proteins.

One of the main public health issues with increasing morbidity and mortality rates in tropical countries like Indonesia is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Antiviral treatments are still unobtainable and the curative value of current vaccines is limited. Many bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and tannins, identified in the tropical fruit Psidium guajava, which are utilized extensively in traditional medicine, have shown possible antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. The focus of this research is to determine Psidium guajava extract's antiviral activity against DENV-1, cytotoxic effects on Vero cells, and antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli. The extract was tested on DENV-1 in Vero cells using the Viral ToxGlo^TM assay, and the selectivity index (SI) was determined by using the IC₅₀. The CellTiter 96^Ò Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay method was applied for cytotoxicity tests, while the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar was utilized for testing the antibacterial effect towards Escherichia coli. With an IC₅₀ value of 67.74 µg/mL, the findings suggest that guava extract effectively inhibits DENV-1 replication. The level of cytotoxicity of this extract against Vero cells showed a good result, namely Psidium guava extract indicated antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, at a concentration of 100 mg/mL with an inhibition zone of 4.6 to 5.0 mm. Based on these findings, Psidium guajava extract has the potential to be a natural therapeutic substance with a good safety record towards antiviral, cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects.

Indonesia recorded the highest dengue mortality rate in Asia in 2022, with 45,387 cases and 432 deaths. This study aimed to investigate the coexistence of arboviruses and insecticide resistance mechanisms in Aedes vectors mosquitos’ populations in Mulyorejo District, Surabaya, during the early monsoon season of 2021. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2021, and Aedes larvae were collected and reared to adulthood under laboratory conditions. A total of 309 Aedes larvae (comprising 65% Aedes aegypti and 35% Aedes albopictus) were collected from 36 breeding sites, identified, and georeferenced using QGIS software. RNA extraction and RT-PCR assays were performed to detect Dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and knockdown resistance (KDR) mutations. Results showed seven samples positive for DENV-2 and seven for JEV, with two samples (codes 9 and 12) exhibiting co-infection with both viruses, while no WNV was detected. The detection of JEV in Aedes larvae is a notable finding, suggesting a potential secondary vector role for these species in the study area, as Culex mosquitoes are the primary vectors of JEV. Mutations at codons 1016 (V1016G) and 1534 (F1534C), associated with pyrethroid and DDT resistance, were detected in eight and seven samples, respectively. These findings confirm the circulation of DENV-2 and JEV in local Aedes populations, highlighting the presence of KDR mutations that confer insecticide resistance. The results underscore the urgent need for integrated vector management in Surabaya, combining arbovirus surveillance, insecticide resistance monitoring, and community-based source reduction to mitigate arboviral disease transmission.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a worldwide health risk, presenting severe symptoms with possibly lethal consequences. The search for effective antiviral drugs against DENV has largely focused on natural products. Mangrove, Acanthus ilicifolius, has been empirically shown to exhibit various biological activities and good safety profiles. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the antiviral activity of A. ilicifolius aqueous extract against DENV, and the way it functions of action of its bioactive components function was explored utilizing an in vitro and molecular docking method. Aqueous extract of A. ilicifolius leaves was made, and its therapeutic potential was examined using half cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) and effective concentration (EC₅₀) on Vero cells using the MTT method. The selectivity index (SI) value was determined from the ratio of CC₅₀ and EC₅₀. A total of 12 ligand compounds reported to be contained in the extract were prepared for molecular docking using AutoDock Vina, followed by in silico drug-like potential. A. ilicifolius water extract achieved the greatest Vero cell viability rate of 159.80% at a concentration of 31.25 μg/mL. A. ilicifolius extract at 100 μg/mL demonstrated the greatest DENV-3 inhibitory rate of 79.69%. The CC₅₀ value was 78.55 μg/ml, and the EC₅₀ value was 64.37 μg/mL. The SI value calculated from the ratio of CC50 to EC50 was 1.22. Molecular docking identified stigmasterol, stigmasterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and quercetin as the primary compounds with the greatest docking values (-7.9 kcal/mol, -7.6 kcal/mol, and -7.7 kcal/mol, respectively). The findings of this study demonstrate the anti-DENV capability of the A. ilicifolius extract compound, which can limit viral multiplication via biological agents that interact with virus attachment within host cells, with an SI value of 1.22.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an endemic disease in Indonesia with laboratory manifestations such as thrombocytopenia and hemoconcentration. The duration of fever in DHF can be an indicator of disease severity, but its relationship to laboratory parameters such as platelets and hematocrit requires further study. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between platelet and hematocrit values and the duration of fever in DHF patients at Dr. Soedomo Trenggalek Regional General Hospital. This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the medical records of 71 dengue fever patients. Statistical analysis used the Spearman correlation test to assess the relationship between platelets and hematocrit with fever duration. 54.93 % of patients were male, with the largest age group being young adults (26–45 years, 39.44%). The maximum duration of fever was 5 days (54.93 %). There was a weakly significant relationship between decreased platelets and increased duration of fever (p = 0.025; r = 0.266). However, there was no significant relationship between hematocrit and duration of fever (p = 0.359; r = -0.111). Platelets can be used as an indicator to estimate the duration of fever in dengue fever patients, while hematocrit did not show a significant relationship. These findings support the importance of platelet monitoring for the clinical management of dengue fever, although factors such as fluid therapy and disease phase need to be considered in hematocrit interpretation.

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis and remains a significant threat in Indonesia. The disease has a substantial impact on public health, livestock productivity, and economic stability, particularly in areas with traditional farming practices and limited animal health surveillance systems. This study aims to analyze the epidemiology of anthrax in Indonesia using the One Health approach, which integrates human, animal, and environmental health aspects. Data were collected from official government documents, such as the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as scientific literature obtained from reputable databases. The results indicated that approximately 76 % of Indonesia is categorized as suspect areas for anthrax, while 14 % are infected areas, with the highest prevalence in Java, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi. The primary risk factors include the consumption of non-veterinary inspected animal meat, unhygienic handling of carcasses, and the persistence of B. anthracis spores in the environment. Recommended control strategies include periodic livestock vaccination, conducting active surveillance, increasing public awareness, and enhancing the diagnostic laboratory's capacity. The One Health approach has proven effective in reducing the risk of cross-species transmission and improving responses to outbreaks. This study advocates for strengthening the integrated surveillance system, increasing synergy between sectors, and further research on the impact of climate change on zoonotic disease dynamics. With an integrated and collaborative strategy, Indonesia has a significant opportunity to control anthrax sustainably and enhance the resilience of public and animal health.

The lungs problems have been identified has as one the biggest factors of death and disability worldwide. Though transplantation of lungs is often the sole treatment option for numerous individuals, this procedure is severely constrained due to a scarcity of donor organs. The possibility for managing numerous ailments that have previously been incurable makes the technique of tissue engineering an exciting potential development, which deserves cautious consideration. As a result, the application of tissue technology and polymers for lungs bioengineering has drawn considerable interest from researchers. A range of scaffolding, including those made of polymers, lipids that are solid (SL), liposomes, as well as metals, have been successfully used in numerous experiments to bioengineer the lungs. Furthermore, advances in nanotechnology have created a remarkable chance to improve the qualities of tissue-engineered scaffolding even more. In order to further, simulate the extracellular matrix and surrounding that comprises real pulmonary tissue, nanotechnology efforts are primarily focused on providing innovative alternatives, notably for detecting and the therapy of lungs carcinoma by targeted drug delivery system. The word "Nanotechnology" has increased in popularity over the past several decades and is now nearly used interchangeably with novel and extremely exciting concepts. Nanotechnologies holds tremendous potential for addressing issues with current lung regeneration therapies, but it is still in the early stages and requires additional in vivo and extensive research in clinical trials.

The Cu(II)-EDTA complex is known to have antibacterial and antiviral potential, but its effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria and dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) still needs to be studied. This study synthesized and characterized the Cu(II)-EDTA complex of CuSO₄ precursors, and then tested the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the antiviral activity against DENV-2 in Vero cells. This study successfully synthesized and characterized the Cu(II)-EDTA complex using CuSO₄ as a precursor through the solvothermal method, producing blue crystals with a Cu ratio of 1:1. DSC analysis showed thermal stability up to 250°C with an endothermal peak at 270-300°C. The particles are 6.31 nm in size with a PDI of 0.076, indicating uniform distribution with nanoparticle size (4 at 740 nm. Antibacterial tests of Cu(II)-EDTA against E. coli and S. aureus showed that Cu(II)-EDTA had less activity than pure CuSO₄. For DENV-2, CuSO₄ was more effective with an EC₅₀ value of 77.86 μg/mL, lower than Cu(II)-EDTA 356.13 μg/mL, indicating that CuSO₄ was better at inhibiting viral replication.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a significant global health challenge, with its prevalence and mortality rates rising steadily. In Indonesia, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, known for its flavonoid richness, has a long history in traditional medicine. However, its specific mechanisms of action against cancer, particularly in inducing apoptosis in NSCLC, have not been fully elucidated. This study utilized an in silico approach to evaluate the pro-apoptotic potential of S. cumini flavonoids against NSCLC by targeting key proteins: Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3. We retrieved flavonoid structures from PubChem and protein data from the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB). The drug-likeness of these compounds was assessed using Swiss ADME, adhering to Lipinski's rule of five, while their anti-NSCLC probability was predicted using PASS Online. Molecular docking and screening were performed with PyRx, and the results were visualized using Discovery Studio. Our findings identified epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate and ellagic acid as the most promising anti-NSCLC candidates. Ellagic acid demonstrated the strongest binding affinity to Caspase-3, suggesting a potent pro-apoptotic effect. Epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, on the other hand, exhibited the lowest binding energy across multiple target proteins, particularly Bcl-2 and Bax, indicating its broad pro-apoptotic potential. These results collectively suggest that flavonoids from S. cumini may hold significant promise as a source of novel anti-NSCLC agents, warranting further in vitro and in vivo investigations.