Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah

Pahang, a state in Malaysia, is well-known for its rich customs and cultural heritage, which are still practiced today. However, globalization has influenced local eating habits, introducing foreign eating cultures that risk disconnecting the younger generation from traditional cuisine. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine the relationship between local wisdom values and the principles of halalan tayyiban embedded in Pahang’s culinary heritage. Using the PRISMA method, the research systematically searched reputable databases, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Ingenta Connect. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 and indexed by Web of Science, SINTA, Scopus, ERA, and MyCite were selected for analysis. The findings indicate that local wisdom values and halalan tayyiban principles work synergistically in terms of emphasizing the dimensions of socio-spiritual integrity, eco-botanical stewardship, and biosecurity and safety based on the identified typology. The study’s conclusion states that these findings provide a novel perspective on how local wisdom and halalan tayyiban principles can be integrated through the development of the Integrated Local Wisdom Halalan Tayyiban Pahang’s Heritage Cuisine Preservation Framework (ILHPPF), an integrative framework for preserving Pahang’s culinary heritage grounded in local wisdom and halalan tayyiban principles.

This study presents a non-targeted lipidomic approach using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) coupled with chemometric analysis to discriminate between beef, pork, and goat meat. Lipid extracts from the three meat types were analyzed using reversed-phase LC-HRMS, generating comprehensive lipid profiles. Chemometrics methods, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were employed to identify distinct lipid signatures capable of differentiating the meat samples. The results revealed various lipid classes, and triglycerides became the highest percentage of lipids contained in pork obtained from the positive ionization mode. Compounds of TG (52:1COOH_18:0), PE (O_36:1) and, DG (17:0_18:2) showed good capacity for discriminating pork, and further potential as biomarker candidates. The resulting models demonstrated high classification accuracy, highlighting specific lipid species which contribute significantly to the discrimination. These findings directly support the potential application for halal authentication in the meat industry, as the potential lipid markers can be further validated in binary mixtures, processed products, and real-market samples.

Moringa oleifera is a native to India and can grow in several regions such as the tropical region. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of extraction method on the characteristics, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition, antioxidant activities, and authentication of moringa seed oils (MSO) from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods were used for seed oil extraction. Moringa seeds had an oil yield of 32.24% and 24.88% for the Soxhlet and UAE methods, respectively. The result was found that the quality parameters of MSO, like refractive index, acid value, and peroxide value of MSO obtained from Soxhlet extraction method were were better than those of the Soxhlet method. Saponification value and iodine value method were 142.681±0.353 mg KOH/g oil and 64.6510±0.0640 g I2/100 g oil, where as the UAE method were 181.577±0.214 mg KOH/g oil and 77.3497±0.0639 g I2/100 g oil, respectively. Total saturated fatty acids of MSO extracted using Soxhlet and UAE were 24.78 and 25.32% respectively. The MSO comprises a significant amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (> 74%). Oleic acid was found to be the main unsaturated FAME. The free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH methods), and metal chelating agent of MSO obtained from the Soxhlet method were 94.6659 ± 0.0668, 25.536 ± 0.300, and 55.381 ± 0.695%, whereas UAE methods were 93.4210 ± 0.0153, 16.958 ± 0.311, and 68.732 ± 0.0082%, respectively. In addition, discriminant analysis (DA) using middle FTIR was successfully used for authentication of MSO from palm oil (PO) adulteration. The PLS regression using second derivative middle FTIR spectra (3999-650 cm-1) was used to quantification the PO level with high R2 for calibration (0.9993) and validation (0.922) with lower RMSEC value ( 0.922) and RMSEP (1.75%). This study has shown that the MSO obtained from different extraction methods has a good quality oil and has a potential of a new sources of vegetable oil to be produced in Southeast Sulawesi.

Education in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is required to equip students with 21st-century competencies, including critical thinking skills and sciencepreneurship. This study aims to develop an innovative IPDBL learning model that is effective in enhancing students' critical thinking skills and sciencepreneurship. This study employed educational development research based on McKenney’s development model. A total of 99 eighth-grade students at the Indonesian School of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, participated in this study, divided into one control class (n = 30) and three experimental classes, each comprising 23 students. Data were collected through expert validation and tests of critical thinking skills (CTS) and sciencepreneurship. The obtained data were analyzed using Aiken’s V, percentage of agreement (PA), N-gain score, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The results showed that the IPDBL learning model and its teaching materials (lesson plans, student books, student worksheets, CTS test, and sciencepreneurship test) were valid and reliable. Based on the N-gain scores and Kruskal–Wallis tests, it can be concluded that the IPDBL learning model was very effective in improving students’ CTS and sciencepreneurship. The implication of this study is that the IPDBL learning model can be considered an alternative innovative approach for sustainable science learning.

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents of C. odorata leaves and stems and to evaluate their antioxidant, total phenol, α-glucosidase, and antibacterial activities. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS)-based metabolite profiling combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to correlate metabolite composition with functional activities, providing comprehensive insights into the metabolomic diversity and bioactive differentiation between plant parts. The plant materials were extracted using 70% and 100% ethanol for 24 h. The leaf extract of ethanol 70% (EtOH 70) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ of 223.33 ± 9.20 µg/mL) and total phenolic content (113.15 mg GAE/g), while the stem EtOH 70% extract showed the strongest antidiabetic activity through α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (78.57%). Although appearing less potent, all extracts showed dose-dependent inhibitory activity, such as Staphylococcus aureus (highest value at 9.31 mm), Escherichia coli (highest value at 9.92 mm), and Salmonella typhimurium (highest value at 9.00 mm). Comparing the plant parts, leaf extracts generally showed more potent activity than stem extracts, particularly evident against E. coli (e.g., Leaf EtOH 70% at 5 mg/mL: 9.92 mm vs. Stem EtOH 70%: 7.97 mm). LC-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the result indicates that C. odorata is a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antibacterial potency. The findings advance existing knowledge beyond earlier phytochemical or single-activity studies, offering a more holistic understanding of C. odorata’s therapeutic potential and its relevance for natural product development.

Omega-3 fatty acids v(ω-3 FAs) such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (ω-6 FAs) such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are important fatty acids responsible for positive effects on human health. The main sources of ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs are marine-based products, especially fish oils. Some food, supplements, and pharmaceutical products would include fish oils as a source of ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs; therefore, the quality assurance of these products is highly required. Some analytical methods mainly based on spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques have been reported. Molecular spectroscopy such as Infrared and Raman parallel to chemometrics has been successfully applied for quantitative analysis of individual and total ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs. This spectroscopic technique is typically applied as the alternative method to official methods applying chromatographic methods. Due to the capability to provide the separation of ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs from other components in the products, gas and liquid chromatography along with sophisticated detectors such as mass spectrometers are ideal analytical methods offering sensitive and specific results that are suitable for routine quality control.

Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) are important fatty acids having the beneficial roles in human health including reducing blood pressure, lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease and exerting anti-inflammation activities. Omega-3 FAs were mainly found in fish oils, therefore, determination of these FAs is very important. This study highlighted the employment of FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis for determination of ω-3 FAs in fish oils. Fish oils were obtained from the extraction of corresponding fishes and subjected to purification. The oils were further subjected to FTIR spectroscopic measurement at mid infrared region (4000-450 cm-1). Fatty acid compositions of ω-3 FAs namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization (GC-FID), and the results from GC-FID were used as actual values. Two multivariate regressions along with wavenumbers regions or their combinations were optimized and compared to provide the best condition for prediction of EPA and DHA in fish oils. The results showed that partial least square regression (PLSR) was suitable for prediction of DHA applying the variable of absorbance values of the second derivative spectra, with the values of coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9916 and 0.9316 in calibration and validation models, respectively. The values of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) obtained were 0.789 and 2.53. While, prediction of EPA was performed using principal component regression with R2 value of > 0.72 and low values of RMSEC and RMSEC. It can be concluded that the combination of FTIR spectra and multivariate regression provides the effective tools and alternative GC-FID method for the prediction of EPA and DHA in fish oils.

The adulteration of commercial food products with muharramat (prohibited) ingredients exposes Muslims of the present time to food fraud. One of the muharramat sources is animal plasma food grade powder in surimi products. This adulteration using prohibited substance is regarded as a critical halal issue that should be addressed to strengthen the justification for its prohibited status. The current study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interview data with Shariah experts, Halal executives, and food technologists as the main source of data collection, and a literature review as supportive argument. The application of thematic analysis to analyze the collected data enabled the identification of the main themes and sub-themes of the interview data. Based on the results, the identified main themes are: the principles of Istihlak fasidah (imperfect transformation), Istishab (presumption of continuity), and Maslahah (preservation of public interest); while the identified several sub-themes are: the involvement of human intervention, the residual traces of animal plasma properties in/the end product, and the prohibition of spilled-out blood that is attributed to all of the blood components, as supportive arguments to justify the reasons for Istihlak fasidah (imperfect transformation) process. Last but not least, several principles of Qawaid Fiqhiyyah (Islamic Legal Maxim) become part of the identified sub-themes applied by the interviewees to enhance the prohibited status. Subsequently, a framework is presented to visually present the data to clarify the interrelatedness of the identified themes. The research findings can potentially contribute signigicant knowledge to the Contemporary Fiqh Consumerism field, particularly in understanding the issue of intentionally adulterating halal with non-halal sources. The developed framework also meets the criteria of future new research since no comprehensive study has been conducted to highlight the prohibition of using animal plasma in food products.

Human being has experienced several series of pandemics throughout life‘s history. The serious impacts of the pandemic are experiencing towards different sectors include threatening global food security. The consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak have affected people’s productivity in daily life. The disruptive effect gives a major strike on the food supply chain which is one of the most vital areas of the economy. Prior to the outbreak of Covid 19, this paper will be discussing the factors and effects of the pandemic on global food security. Due to the income decline, it leads to difficulty accessing healthy and nutritious food. Implementation of Movement Control Order (MCO) has affected the agriculture productivity sector as well. At the early stage of the pandemic, panic buying becomes a new trend among the consumers to ensure the food supply keeps available. The declination of purchasing power is another effect, particularly from the low-income community. The risk of virus infection is reported to be high among the food supply chain workers due to negligence towards Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Lastly, this pandemic also affected mostly community dietary routine patterns. To write this paper, the researchers are genuinely depending on the secondary sources from recent academic journals and trusted websites to vast up the discussion. It is hoped that this paper provides good ideas for other researchers to vast up another scope of discussion in the future.

The first outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China proves consuming non–halal and non-tayyib food leads to widespread diseases and viruses. Since this occasion, the Covid-19 virus has widespread worldwide and has left negative impacts on the economic development, health quality, and social development of human beings. Therefore, this paper reports on the concept and guidelines of consuming halal-tayyiban food following the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the importance of practicing a healthy lifestyle with an ideal selection of food to maintain a good immune system and preventing from harmful diseases. The data and information were gathered from electronic sources such as journal articles and trusted websites. It is hoped that the outcome of the paper will assist other researchers to come out with new ideas for a healthy lifestyle such as practicing a good Halal lifestyle and consuming Halalan Tayyiban products.