Tathiana Ferguson Motheo

Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), formerly described as bovine lymphotropic virus, is a member of the genus Macavirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, within the family Orthoherpesviridae. Viruses of this genus infect domestic and wild ruminants and swine, typically causing latent, asymptomatic infections. This study aimed to detect BoGHV6 genomic DNA in the semen and genital tract tissues of bulls from the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Semen samples were collected from 38 breeding bulls, whereas testicular and epididymal tissue fragments were retrieved from 47 animals at local abattoirs. Semen samples were initially evaluated for volume, swirling, motility, vigor, concentration, and sperm morphology. Testicular and epididymal tissue samples were subjected to histopathological analysis. The semen and pooled tissue samples were subsequently subjected to nested PCR targeting panherpesvirus DNA. Positive samples were further analyzed via BoGHV6-specific PCR to amplify a partial region of the DNA polymerase gene. All semen samples, except one, presented sperm parameters within the normal range for the species. Histopathological examination revealed epithelial lesions in the seminiferous tubules in 11 tissue samples. BoGHV6 DNA was detected in 26 out of the 85 animals tested, including 16 semen samples and 10 tissue samples. Only one of the BoGHV6-positive semen samples exhibited abnormal sperm morphology. Histopathological changes were observed in three of the ten corresponding tissue samples. In conclusion, BoGHV6 is present in cattle herds in the state of Mato Grosso. Moreover, its ability to be detected in semen, testicular, and epididymal tissues suggests its potential for venereal transmission.

Salmonella spp. are major foodborne pathogens linked to high morbidity and mortality, and their increasing antimicrobial resistance represents a growing global public health threat. This scoping review followed the PRISMA protocol and included 93 original articles on the microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from aquaculture, seafood and related aquatic environments. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, covering 2004 to 2024. Eligible studies included samples from aquaculture systems, fisheries, seafood products, or related environmental and food‐processing sources. Extracted data addressed country of origin, resistance profiles, resistance genes and phenotypes, and multidrug‐resistant (MDR) serovars. Abstracts were analyzed using classical lexical statistics, word clouds, similarity graphs, and hierarchical descending classification in R and Iramuteq. Among studies, 42.8% originated from Asia, with the highest publication count in 2021. Textual analysis showed strong associations among the terms “ Salmonella ”, “isolates”, “resistance”, and “antimicrobials”. Hierarchical classification revealed themes such as “surveillance”, “pathogens in food”, and “One Health”. Tetracycline exhibited the highest resistance rate (83.3%) across studies, and the disk diffusion method was the most frequently used (72%). Commonly reported resistance genes included qnrS (fluoroquinolones), blaTEM‐1 (β‐lactamases), sul3 (sulfonamides), and dfrA12 (trimethoprim). Virulence genes such as invA, fimA , spvC , and stn were also identified. The most frequently reported MDR serovars were S. Typhimurium and S . Newport. This review highlights the relevance of antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella in aquaculture and reinforces the need for robust monitoring aligned with One Health strategies to ensure safe and sustainable production.

Background: Salmonellosis is a foodborne illness typically associated with gastroenteritis following the ingestion of products contaminated with Salmonella enterica. Although the aquatic environment is not a natural reservoir for Salmonella spp., its occurrence has been reported in various aquacultured species worldwide, including species from the Amazon Basin in South America. The World Health Organization has classified the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains as a global priority, underscoring the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance to mitigate public health risks. This study aimed to detect Salmonella spp. serotypes of clinical relevance to humans (S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi, S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis) in farmed tambaqui hybrids and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Methods: A total of 55 Salmonella spp. strains, previously isolated from tambaqui hybrids (Colossoma macropomum) produced in fish farms in Mato Grosso, Brazil, were evaluated. Identification and susceptibility profiling were performed using the VITEK^®2 Compact automated system (BioMérieux, Marcy l’Étoile, France), testing 14 commonly used antimicrobials, including amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, piperacillin–tazobactam, cephalexin, cefuroxime axetil, ceftriaxone, cefepime, meropenem, ertapenem, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim. Results: All isolates were confirmed as Salmonella spp., with no detection of clinically important serotypes. Moreover, all 55 strains were susceptible to the 14 antimicrobials tested. Conclusions: These findings indicate a low risk of pathogenic or resistant Salmonella from farmed tambaqui hybrids under the evaluated conditions. Nevertheless, ongoing microbiological monitoring remains essential, particularly in light of regulatory standards that prohibit the presence of Salmonella spp. in fish products and the potential emergence of MDR strains.

Pharmacological semen collection (PSC) via urethral catheterization employs α2-adrenergic agonists to induce semen emission. While dexmedetomidine is effective for PSC at doses of 15–20 µg/kg, doses above 3 µg/kg in dogs are associated with notable cardiorespiratory adverse effects. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a low-dose sedative protocol for PSC in domestic dogs. Ten male dogs were sedated with intramuscular dexmedetomidine (3 µg/kg) combined with ketamine (3 mg/kg). After 10 min, a continuous dexmedetomidine infusion (3 µg/kg/h) was initiated, and following 10 min of infusion, a propofol bolus (1–2 mg/kg) was administered to allow catheterization and semen collection. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and mean arterial pressure were continuously monitored. Semen samples were analyzed for macroscopic characteristics (color, volume, pH) and microscopic parameters (sperm morphology, plasma membrane integrity). Sperm concentration, and kinectics were assessed using a portable computer-assisted sperm analysis system. The protocol maintained stable cardiopulmonary parameters in all animals. Two dogs did not emit semen; however, the remaining eight yielded samples with a mean volume of 15.49 ± 2.98 µL and a sperm concentration of 693.69 ± 116.15 million spermatozoa/mL. Motility parameters included total motility (20.74 ± 5.17%), progressive motility (12.80 ± 4.32%), curvilinear velocity (51.79 ± 4.04 μm/s), and sperm linearity (22.00 ± 1.68%). The mean proportion of sperm with intact plasma membranes was 53.16 ± 2.52%. In conclusion, the proposed protocol was safe and moderately effective for PSC in dogs; however, the suboptimal semen quality underscores the need for further refinement.

Mammary neoplasms are among the most common oncological disorders in small animals, with most cases being malignant and strongly influenced by hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone. Mastectomy remains the treatment of choice, with the surgical approach determined by the affected gland(s) and tumor size. Before surgery, the presence of metastases should be evaluated using imaging modalities such as abdominal ultrasonography, thoracic radiography, and/or computed tomography. Adjuvant therapies, including chemotherapy or targeted treatments, are indicated according to the histological type, tumor grade, clinical stage, and immunohistochemical profile. This report describes a case of micropapillary carcinoma with lymphatic metastasis in a female dog that developed tumor recurrence despite appropriate surgical management and adjuvant chemotherapy. Following recurrence, mastectomy of the remaining mammary chain was performed, and genomic analysis using OncoMap guided a change in therapeutic strategy, revealing the ineffectiveness of the previous protocol and resulting in a survival outcome that differed from reports in the literature. Keywords: Hormones. Mammary Neoplasm. Metastasis. Surgery.

A adoção do sistema de confinamento de bovinos permite maior controle dos custos, porém o levantamento dos gastos deve ser bem planejado. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a análise bioeconômica da produção de novilhas Nelore alimentadas com dietas proteicas, em São José do Rio Claro-MT. O experimento foi dividido em dois períodos, recria a pasto e confinada. Cento e oitenta e sete bezerras raça Nelore, com idade de 12 meses e peso médio de 211,4 kg foram suplementadas, durante 143 dias, com proteico-energético (0,3% do peso vivo). No período de confinamento, os animais, com peso médio inicial de 250 kg, receberam dietas com diferentes teores de proteína bruta (13,2, 14,7 e 18,6%), por um período de 90 dias. Foram calculados os custos e as receitas para esses dois sistemas e, a partir disto, foram obtidos seus lucros. Os valores de peso final foram de 316,42; 314,37 e 319,74 kg para os animais recebendo as dietas com 13,2, 14,7 e 18,6% de proteína bruta (PB) na dieta, respectivamente, no confinamento. Todas as dietas foram economicamente viáveis, contudo a dieta com 18,6% PB apresentou o menor custo por arroba produzida (R$232,82) e custo total (R$2039,71), maior receita bruta (R$2260,00) e lucro (R$220,29). O confinamento de novilhas se mostra economicamente viável, porém, devido à sazonalidade do valor da arroba e dos principais insumos que compõem a dieta, deve-se realizar cálculos em cada região do país.

This study aimed to describe the gestational and morphological aspects of the fetuses and their respective umbilical cords from two pregnant wild boars (Sus scrofa). Morphological descriptions were provided for 23 fetuses and the gestational ages were estimated through fetal characteristics and formula application. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin for subsequent macroscopic and microscopic examination. Histological characterization was performed using haematoxylin–eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome (MT) and Verhöeff's staining techniques. The wild boar fetuses exhibited an estimated gestational age of 55 days (in the larger uterus) and 45 days (in the smaller uterus). They displayed well‐developed features consistent with domestic pig fetuses, except for the presence of five pairs of mammae. Additionally, the umbilical cord consisted of two arteries, one vein, an allantoic duct, and a vitelline duct (the latter two identified only microscopically), located in the juxtafetal, intermediate and juxtaplacental portions. The arteries and veins were comprised of endothelium, smooth muscle and collagen fibres, with no elastic fibres observed in the vessel walls. The allantoic duct was lined with simple cuboidal epithelium, while the vitelline duct featured a simple squamous epithelium. In conclusion, the morphological characteristics observed in the examined structures align with the expected patterns for species of the Suidae family. Furthermore, these findings contribute substantially to the morphological characterization of the wild boar, yielding valuable insights into the fetal morphology and the structure of the umbilical cord.

Campilobacteriose genital bovina (CGB) e Tricomonose bovina (TB) são doenças infectocontagiosas de transmissão venérea, assintomáticas nos touros, sendo consideradas como importantes enfermidades causadoras de falha reprodutiva, morte embrionária ou abortamento, ocasionando perdas econômicas significativas em rebanhos bovinos infectados. CGB é causada pela bactéria Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis e Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, e TB pelo protozoário Tritrichomonas foetus. O estado de Mato Grosso é detentor do maior rebanho bovino do Brasil, envolve a região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense que possui grandes extensões de terra, com ciclo anual de enchentes e a reprodução dos animais realizada predominantemente por monta natural, condições estas, favoráveis a presença de CGB e TB no rebanho. Considerando a carência de informações recentes sobre a ocorrência dessas enfermidades no estado de Mato Grosso, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de Campylobacter spp. e Tritrichomonas foetus em 100 touros provenientes dos municípios de Poconé, Santo Antônio de Leverger e Nossa Senhora do Livramento, localizados na região pantaneira do estado de Mato Grosso. Amostras de esmegma prepucial foram coletadas por meio de escarificação via swab prepucial e armazenadas em solução salina a -80ºC. Para a detecção de Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, e Tritrichomonas foetus, foi realizada a reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). Apesar do questionário aplicado nas propriedades revelar condições epidemiológicas que favorecem a manutenção e disseminação desses patógenos, este estudo não identificou a presença dos referidos agentes em touros avaliados nas propriedades rurais do pantanal Mato-Grossense.