Cristiane Coimbra de Paula

Salmonella spp. are major foodborne pathogens linked to high morbidity and mortality, and their increasing antimicrobial resistance represents a growing global public health threat. This scoping review followed the PRISMA protocol and included 93 original articles on the microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. isolated from aquaculture, seafood and related aquatic environments. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, covering 2004 to 2024. Eligible studies included samples from aquaculture systems, fisheries, seafood products, or related environmental and food‐processing sources. Extracted data addressed country of origin, resistance profiles, resistance genes and phenotypes, and multidrug‐resistant (MDR) serovars. Abstracts were analyzed using classical lexical statistics, word clouds, similarity graphs, and hierarchical descending classification in R and Iramuteq. Among studies, 42.8% originated from Asia, with the highest publication count in 2021. Textual analysis showed strong associations among the terms “ Salmonella ”, “isolates”, “resistance”, and “antimicrobials”. Hierarchical classification revealed themes such as “surveillance”, “pathogens in food”, and “One Health”. Tetracycline exhibited the highest resistance rate (83.3%) across studies, and the disk diffusion method was the most frequently used (72%). Commonly reported resistance genes included qnrS (fluoroquinolones), blaTEM‐1 (β‐lactamases), sul3 (sulfonamides), and dfrA12 (trimethoprim). Virulence genes such as invA, fimA , spvC , and stn were also identified. The most frequently reported MDR serovars were S. Typhimurium and S . Newport. This review highlights the relevance of antimicrobial‐resistant Salmonella in aquaculture and reinforces the need for robust monitoring aligned with One Health strategies to ensure safe and sustainable production.

Introduction: Arenaviridae can cause diseases such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Lassa fever, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, and Brazilian hemorrhagic fevers. Their main etiological agents are Sabiá virus, Flexal virus, Amapari virus, Juquitiba virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Lassa virus, Junin virus, and Machupo virus. Objective: Show the degree of infection of New World arenaviruses associated with rodents of the genera Calomys, Necomys, Neotoma, Oryzomys, and Sigmodon, subfamily Sigmodontinae and family Cricetidae, and Old World arenaviruses associated with rodents of the genera Mastomys and Praomys of the subfamily Murinae and family Muridae. The exception is the Tacaribe virus, which was isolated from bats of the genus Artibeus spp. Methodology: Infected urine from various rodent species and person-to-person transmission are the modes of infection for this disease. Results: Infections range from asymptomatic in all cases to fatal in some, or even febrile illness with systemic symptoms generally including headache, myalgia, weakness, sore throat, and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as hemorrhage and late neurological disease. Differential immune responses, destruction of T cells from infected cells in the central nervous system, can be observed, creating disturbances in the hemostatic system and endothelium, resulting in bleeding and shock. Isolation of the virus from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues, with evaluation of IgG and IgM antibodies, are specific for virus recognition. Conclusion: LCM occurs throughout the Americas, Europe, and Asia. All result from contact with infected rodent urine, usually through contamination of cuts and scratches on the skin.

Background: Salmonellosis is a foodborne illness typically associated with gastroenteritis following the ingestion of products contaminated with Salmonella enterica. Although the aquatic environment is not a natural reservoir for Salmonella spp., its occurrence has been reported in various aquacultured species worldwide, including species from the Amazon Basin in South America. The World Health Organization has classified the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains as a global priority, underscoring the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance to mitigate public health risks. This study aimed to detect Salmonella spp. serotypes of clinical relevance to humans (S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi, S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis) in farmed tambaqui hybrids and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Methods: A total of 55 Salmonella spp. strains, previously isolated from tambaqui hybrids (Colossoma macropomum) produced in fish farms in Mato Grosso, Brazil, were evaluated. Identification and susceptibility profiling were performed using the VITEK^®2 Compact automated system (BioMérieux, Marcy l’Étoile, France), testing 14 commonly used antimicrobials, including amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, piperacillin–tazobactam, cephalexin, cefuroxime axetil, ceftriaxone, cefepime, meropenem, ertapenem, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim. Results: All isolates were confirmed as Salmonella spp., with no detection of clinically important serotypes. Moreover, all 55 strains were susceptible to the 14 antimicrobials tested. Conclusions: These findings indicate a low risk of pathogenic or resistant Salmonella from farmed tambaqui hybrids under the evaluated conditions. Nevertheless, ongoing microbiological monitoring remains essential, particularly in light of regulatory standards that prohibit the presence of Salmonella spp. in fish products and the potential emergence of MDR strains.

Ophthalmological studies indicate an incidence of 299 cases of keratitis per 100,000 inhabitants, with corneal ulcers being among the main causes of monocular blindness, second only to cataracts in developing countries. Microbial keratitis, in particular, represents an important cause of ocular morbidity and visual loss on a global scale. Among its variants, fungal keratitis, although less frequent, stands out for its potential for severe visual impairment, configuring it as a rare but high-risk condition. In this context, the purpose of this study was to describe a rare case of keratomycosis, an ocular infection caused by a saprophytic filamentous fungus, specifically Sarocladium kiliense. The case involved a 53-year-old woman with a severe ocular ulcer caused by the fungus Sarocladium kiliense, which required surgical intervention for conjunctival resurfacing. The patient presented burning and irritability after an injury to the left eye. Initially, the use of lubricating eye drops and healing ointment was prescribed for 3 days without success. The patient subsequently used antibiotic eye drops and took oral antibiotics, also without clinical improvement. After several attempts at drug treatment, the ocular flap surgical procedure was successfully performed, protecting the injured cornea and contributing significantly to preserving the patient's vision. The combination of antifungal and antibiotic medications post-surgery was essential for controlling the infection, ensuring a favorable outcome.

A infecção do trato urinário (ITU) é uma das infecções mais comuns entre as crianças, sendo mais frequente entre os neonatos, além de muito recorrente. Neste contexto, maior agilidade em estabelecer o diagnóstico da ITU em crianças e adolescentes pode ajudar a estabelecer precocemente a terapêutica assertiva e prevenir consequências tardias. OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência dos microrganismos encontrados nas urinas positivas das crianças e adolescentes, bem como sua a resistência e sensibilidade. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com amostras de urina de crianças e adolescentes coletadas em 2019. As análises foram realizadas pelo Laboratório Carlos Chagas Grupo Sabin em Cuiabá, MT. Os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas descritivas. RESULTADOS: Entre as 532 amostras analisadas, 81,76% foram enterobacteriales, sendo a E. coli a mais prevalente (64,13%). O sexo feminino apresentou maior incidência em todas as faixas etárias, sendo mais expressivo entre 0 a 2 anos e 11 meses. A análise por faixa etária revelou que 57% das ITUs ocorreram em crianças de 0 a 2 anos e 11 meses. O perfil de sensibilidade das enterobacteriales indicou alta sensibilidade a meropenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxona e ceftazidima, enquanto houve resistência significativa a ampicilina, amoxicilina e sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim. DISCUSSÃO: A prevalência da E. coli como agente causador de ITUs nas crianças é consistente com estudos anteriores. A resistência da E. coli a certos antibióticos destaca a necessidade de considerar opções alternativas de tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a E. coli é o principal microrganismo de ITUs em crianças, com prevalência no sexo feminino e faixa etária de 0 a 2 anos e 11 meses. Em relação ao perfil de sensibilidade as bactérias foram mais sensíveis aos carbapenêmicos e aminoglicosídeos. O diagnóstico precoce é crucial para prevenir complicações a longo prazo associadas à ITU em crianças.

Bacterial resistance is a phenomenon caused by the evolution of microorganisms, which develop defense mechanisms against antimicrobials, making treatment of infections more difficult. The inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics, combined with self-medication, poor control in the production chain, and poor sanitary conditions, accelerates the emergence of resistant strains, especially in hospital settings, where bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose challenges. This resistance increases hospitalization time, costs, and mortality, acting through mechanisms such as β- lactamases, mutations, and efflux pumps. To combat this problem, strategies such as the use of artificial intelligence in the research of new antimicrobials, rational use policies, surveillance, hygiene, and public education are essential. International cooperation, multidisciplinary actions, and evidence-based policies are essential to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobials and protect global health. This article reviews the main contributing factors, clinical impacts, and strategies needed to mitigate this emerging problem.

Objetivo: Analisar microbiologicamente superfícies inanimadas de um hospital público e um privado no município de Cuiabá-MT, e comparar os microrganismos mais encontrados e os respectivos mecanismos de resistência. Método: Estudo observacional do tipo transversal realizado nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Foram coletadas 24 amostras de cada hospital usando swab stuart, as quais foram semeadas nos meios de cultura ágar chocolate, sangue e o MacConkey e incubadas. Posteriormente depois foi realizado a identificação dos microrganismos e a realização do antibiograma em ágar Mueller hinton. Resultado: No Hospital público foram isolados 21 microrganismos: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19,1%), Acinetobacter baumannii e Staphylococcus sp coagulase neg. (14,3%), Burkholderia cepacia, Serratia marcescens e a Klebsiella pneumoniae (9,5%), Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter aerogenes e a Candida correspondem (4,8%). No Hospital privado foram isolados 30 microrganismos: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33,3%), Acinetobacter sp. (16,7%), Klebsiella sp. (13,3%), Stenotrhophomonas maltophilia (10%); Serratia marcescens (6,7%), Achomobacter, Citrobacter, Flavobacterium e a Candida sp. (3,3%). Considerações finais: Estas descobertas enfatizam a capacidade das bactérias sobreviverem em superfícies inanimadas hospitalares, representando um risco para os pacientes adquirirem uma infecção hospitalar.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019, which is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, became a pandemic in 2020 with a mortality rate of 2% and high transmissibility, thus making studies with an epidemiological profile essential. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize the population that performed the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 molecular and serological tests in Carlos Chagas Laboratory - Sabin Group in Cuiaba. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with all the samples collected from nasal swab tested by RT-PCR and serological for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgM/IgG from the population served between April and December 2020. FINDINGS: In the analysis period, 23,631 PCR-coronavirus disease 2019 examinations were registered. Of this total number of cases, 7,649 (32.37%) tested positive, while 15,982 (66.31%) did not detect viral RNA and 374 of the results as undetermined. The peak of positive RT-PCR performed in July (n=5,878), with 35.65% (n=2,096). A total of 8,884 tests were performed on serological test SOROVID-19, with a peak of 1,169 (57.16%) of the positive tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in July. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Molecular positivity and serological tests, both peaked in July 2020, were mostly present in women aged 20-59 years, characterizing Cuiaba as the epicenter of the Midwest region in this period due to the high rate of transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Introdução: As infecções fúngicas emergem como uma das maiores causas de doenças humanas, especialmente entre os pacientes imunocomprometidos e hospitalizados com sérias doenças de base. Essas leveduras são consideradas patógenos de destaque nas infecções nosocomiais, principalmente por serem constituintes da microbiota de indivíduos hígidos e podem ser encontradas disseminadas no meio ambiente. Objetivo: Portanto o propósito do estudo foi investigar a colonização por agentes fúngicos em hospitais no município de Cuiabá – MT. Método: Considerando-se a relevância do assunto, foram analisadas 4890 amostras de sangue de pacientes internados nos hospitais de Cuiabá – MT, no período de julho de 2017 a maio de 2018. Resultados: Do total, 402 amostras foram positivas, sendo 51 positivas para Candida. A espécie C. parapsilosis (5,72%) foi a mais freqüente em casos de candidemia seguidos de Candida spp. (3,73%) e C. albicans (2,74%). No geral em relação ao sexo a prevalência foi maior para o feminino com 36 (70,6%) e masculino 15 (29,4%). Conclusão: Portanto, foi observado que C. parapsilosis foi a espécie mais prevalente nas hemoculturas, sendo exuberantes os fatores de risco que aumentam a susceptibilidade do paciente hospitalizado a adquirir uma infecção hospitalar por leveduras do gênero Cândida.