Fábio Correia Sampaio

Objetivo: Mapear as evidências sobre o uso de enxaguatórios bucais à base de produtos naturais como estratégia coadjuvante na prevenção e controle das doenças bucais, identificando efeitos, potencial terapêutico e lacunas na literatura. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo entre janeiro e maio de 2026, conforme as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), da estratégia PCC e do PRISMA-ScR. O protocolo foi registrado na Open Science Framework (OSF). As buscas foram conduzidas nas bases PubMed e Embase, incluindo estudos completos, de acesso livre, publicados nos últimos cinco anos e que investigassem enxaguatórios contendo produtos naturais. Foram incluídos 26 estudos, abrangendo pesquisas in vitro, in vivo e ensaios clínicos. Resultados e discussão: Os estudos demonstraram que formulações contendo extratos vegetais, óleos essenciais, compostos fenólicos e nanopartículas apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana e antibiofilme, além de efeitos sobre placa dentária, gengivite e microrganismos associados às doenças bucais. Algumas formulações apresentaram eficácia semelhante à clorexidina, enquanto outras foram inferiores. A heterogeneidade entre formulações, concentrações, métodos, populações e períodos de acompanhamento dificultou comparações e extrapolações clínicas. Conclusão: Os enxaguatórios naturais apresentam potencial coadjuvante, mas estudos clínicos robustos e protocolos padronizados são necessários para confirmar eficácia, segurança e aplicabilidade clínicas. Palavras-chave: Produtos Naturais; Fitoterapia; Doenças Bucais; Antimicrobianos.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a complication associated with bacterial colonization of suture material. Although triclosan-coated sutures are used to reduce this risk, concerns regarding their safety and their role in resistance selection have prompted research into alternative approaches. This study evaluated polyglactin 910 sutures coated with Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil (LSEO), rich in thymol, assessing their physicomechanical properties, in vitro antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and biocompatibility using the Hen's Egg Test–Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay. Three suture groups were compared: uncoated polyglactin 910 (Vicryl_U), triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 (Vicryl_P), and LSEO-coated polyglactin 910 (VLSEO). All groups met pharmacopoeial requirements for length, diameter, and tensile strength, with VLSEO exhibiting the highest mean tensile strength (13.76 ± 1.43 N), followed by Vicryl_P (13.07 ± 1.04 N) and Vicryl_U (12.43 ± 0.99 N). High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed effective thymol impregnation on the VLSEO surface (142 μg/cm), while scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform and intact surfaces. VLSEO exhibited antibiofilm activity comparable to Vicryl_P, reducing bacterial cell survival to 18% for S. aureus and 30% for E. coli relative to the uncoated control. The HET-CAM assay classified both VLSEO and LSEO as non-irritant (0 ± 0). Thus, LSEO-coated sutures demonstrated adequate mechanical properties, antibiofilm activity, and biocompatibility, representing a promising alternative to triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of SSIs.

Motivated by the promising antimicrobial and ecotoxicological effects of 4‐alkylamino‐7‐chloroquinoline and N ‐alkylphthalimide derivatives, these privileged nuclei were linked to investigate how lipophilicity influences antibacterial activity and ecotoxicity. For this purpose, seven 4‐alkylamino‐7‐chloroquinolines ( 2a–g ) were prepared, of which four were used as precursors ( 2a–d ) and reacted with different anhydrides. Using a clean synthetic approach, 4‐alkylamino‐7‐chloroquinoline–succinimides ( 3a–d ) and –phthalimides ( 5a–d ) were obtained in yields of 60%–99% after only filtration with distilled water. In vitro assays were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) against Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and Streptococcus mutans . Lipophilicity (log P ) and toxicity were predicted using the pkCSM program. In vitro toxicity tests on Artemia salina larvae were used as an indicator of ecotoxicity. 4‐Alkylamino‐7‐chloroquinolines ( 2b , 2f , 2g ) revealed a moderate MIC of 156.25 µg·mL ⁻¹ against Gram‐(–) and Gram‐(+) bacteria, whose predicted toxicity does not pose a potential risk to human health. Results indicate a correlation between increased lipophilicity and higher ecotoxicity, where less lipophilic compounds were less toxic to A. salina (LC ₅₀ 133.01–777.50 µg·mL ⁻¹ ) than 4‐alkylamino‐7‐chloroquinoline–phthalimides, suggesting further investigation of their cytotoxicity.

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas publicadas sobre a atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais de Lippia (OELs), destacando mecanismos de ação, espectro antimicrobiano, variabilidade química e aplicações na área da saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada segundo as diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute e do PRISMA-ScR. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Web of Science e Scopus, utilizando os descritores: Lippia, óleos voláteis e antimicrobianos. Foram incluídos estudos completos publicados entre 2021 e 2025 que avaliaram a atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial em modelos in vitro e in vivo. A extração e a análise dos dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes. Resultados: Nove estudos foram incluídos, todos realizados no Brasil. Os achados demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, fungos filamentosos e leveduras do gênero Candida. As principais metodologias empregadas incluíram microdiluição em caldo, ensaios de biofilme e testes de modulação antimicrobiana. Formulações nanoestruturadas, como nanoemulsões e sistemas lipídicos, apresentaram menores valores de concentração inibitória mínima e toxicidade reduzida em comparação com o óleo essencial livre. Além disso, observaram-se efeitos sinérgicos quando associados a antibióticos e antifúngicos. Conclusão: Os OELs apresentam potencial antimicrobiano significativo, especialmente em formulações nanoestruturadas. No entanto, a predominância de estudos in vitro e a heterogeneidade metodológica reforçam a necessidade de estudos clínicos e toxicológicos adicionais.

Bioactive glasses have emerged as promising biomaterials due to their ability to promote osseointegration and accelerate bone regeneration. This study investigates the formulation and characterization of manganese (Mn)‐doped 85S mesoporous bioactive glass (85SiO ₂ –(15 − x )CaO– x MnO mol%, x  = 1, 2, 3, and 4). Morphological and structural analyses confirmed the amorphous and mesoporous structure of the microsized glass particles, showing average pore sizes of 2 nm. Bioactivity was evaluated in vitro in simulated body fluid (SBF), demonstrating the formation of a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer on the surfaces, as evidenced by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity was assessed in vitro using the MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, revealing that Mn‐doped glasses exhibited no significant cytotoxicity, indicating biocompatibility. Antimicrobial and antifungal properties were also evaluated. The results indicate a composition‐dependent effect of Mn, with 0–2 mol% Mn preserving mesoporosity, sustaining rapid HCA formation, and ensuring cytocompatibility. Within this range, particularly at 2 mol% Mn, the glasses exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity against selected strains, whereas strong antifungal effects are mainly associated with undoped 85S and 1 mol% Mn. In contrast, higher Mn contents (3–4 mol%) reduce specific surface area, delay or suppress HCA formation, and do not provide superior antimicrobial performance. Altogether, these findings define 1–2 mol% Mn as an optimal doping window, highlighting the trade‐off among structural features, bioactivity, and antimicrobial efficacy.

Erosive tooth wear is a progressive condition that compromises enamel structure and requires preventive strategies. This in vitro study aimed to compare the protective effects of fluoride‐based dentifrices containing various bioactive agents on sound enamel subjected to simulated erosive–abrasive challenges. Sixty bovine enamel blocks were randomly assigned to five dentifrices containing: bioactive silica + 1100 ppm F ⁻ from sodium fluoride (BAS/NaF), 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF), sodium‐calcium phosphosilicate + 1426 ppm F ⁻ from sodium fluoride (SCP/NaF), 1100 ppm F ⁻ from sodium fluoride (NaF), and a fluoride‐free (FF) control. Specimens underwent 7 days of pH cycling, including three daily acid challenges and 2‐min immersion in dentifrice slurries including 15 s brushing. Measurements included surface microhardness, surface roughness, fluorescence loss, and surface loss. Between‐group differences were assessed using one‐way anova with Tukey post hoc tests. The BAS/NaF and SnF dentifrices outperformed the other formulations, maintaining higher surface hardness and lower surface loss and fluorescence loss ( p < 0.05). The NaF and the SCP/NaF dentifrices showed intermediate results. The fluoride‐free dentifrice exhibited the highest mineral loss. Dentifrices combining fluoride with bioactive ingredients enhanced enamel resistance to erosive–abrasive challenges, with bioactive silica and stannous fluoride showing the strongest effects.

Some areas of Brazil have natural sources of fluoride in their water supply. Identifying these areas is an important measure to guide oral health measures when implementing safe fluoride applications, either alone or in combination. The study aims to map residual water fluoride levels and geological patterns in a rural semi-arid area of Brazil. Therefore, water samples were taken from 24 rural areas in the municipality of Poço de José de Moura, located in the tropical semi-arid areas of the country. The samples were analyzed in triplicate with a special fluoride electrode and a shallow water buffer, namely the legendary fortified water (secretive). The residual fluoride values in the samples ranged from 0.04 ± 0.00 mgF/mL in São Geraldo to 6.81 ± 2.81 mgF/mL in Monteiro. Therefore, residual fluoride was found in all groundwater samples analyzed in this study, with several sites exceeding the WHO guideline characterization of a potential risk of dental fluorosis in children and high levels of fluoride that may be related to geological formation factors.

Introduction: While fluoride exposure is a well-established factor in the development of dental fluorosis (DF), individual variability in susceptibility suggests that additional factors may also contribute to its manifestation. The etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), in turn, is multifactorial and remains not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MIH, DF, caries, and polymorphisms in the AQP5, MMP2, and COMT genes in children exposed to high fluoride levels in drinking water. Methods: A total of 268 schoolchildren aged 6–12 years from an area endemic for fluorosis were included. The EAPD, Thylstrup and Fejerskov, and WHO criteria were used for the diagnosis of MIH, DF, and caries, respectively. Saliva samples from participants were collected for genomic DNA extraction and subsequent genotyping, using the TaqMan method, focusing on markers in AQP5, MMP2, and COMT genes. For statistical analysis, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, along with binary logistic regression, were used, considering a 5% significance level. Additionally, genetic assessments were conducted using PLINK software. Results: DF was negatively associated with MIH in both crude (OR = 0.3; p = 0.003) and adjusted analyses (OR = 0.3; p = 0.002). AQP5 rs3736309 was significantly associated with an increased risk of DF under a dominant model, with the G allele being more prevalent in affected individuals, while its association with MIH followed a recessive pattern, requiring two copies of the G allele for increased risk. MMP2 rs9923304 was associated with DF under a recessive model, while rs2287074 and rs9923304 were related to dental caries in individuals with DF or MIH. Conclusions: The marker in the AQP5 gene was significantly associated with both DF and MIH, presenting different risk patterns depending on the genetic model analyzed (dominant vs. recessive). DF appears to have a protective effect against MIH, highlighting the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in dental conditions.

This study aimed to investigate food insecurity (FI) and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral and dental alterations in adolescents from a county in the inland of northeastern Brazil. Data on 192 adolescents aged 11–14 years were analyzed in the public school system in Juripiranga, Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The adolescents and their guardians responded to the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire for the caregiver, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire for children and adolescents, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Academic performance was observed by calculating the median of the final assessments of basic school subjects. The prevalence of FI was 69.19, and FI was associated with a family income of up to one minimum wage per month (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.90; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.20–3.01), no practice of religion by the guardian (PR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04–1.73), behavior considered inappropriate by the guardian (PR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.02–1.73), and academic performance (PR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.05–1.72). FI is considered a complex and multifactorial problem that requires appropriate intervention to deal with multiple social determinants. The results point to the need for integrated public policies between the health, education, social assistance, and food security sectors.