Cindy B. Veldhuis

Women in relationships that are both same-gender and interracial/interethnic experience unique minority stressors. Intersectionality theory suggests that minority stressors related to marginalization across sexual identity, gender, race, and ethnicity create synergistic experiences of minority stressors. Arguably, these intersectional stressors expand beyond individual-level lived experiences to also impact one's romantic relationship. The goals of this study were to: 1) examine stressors and relationship satisfaction among women in same-gender relationships; and 2) test whether those associations differed by the racial/ethnic composition of the couple. In a sample of 622 individual women in same-gender couple relationships, 33.4% of whom were in interracial/interethnic relationships, we tested differences in individual- and relationship-level minority stressors. SGM women in interracial relationships reported more stress related to stigma of their relationship than women in monoracial relationships. Across all participants, both individual-level general stressors and relationship-level (lack of support and lack of familial integration) minority stressors were associated with lowered relationship satisfaction. Our findings have implications for relationship-level interventions to address unique experiences of diverse populations facing multiple sources of stressors. More research is needed, including research using dyadic data to understand minority stress processes that occur between partners.

Research on 2SLGBTQIA+ people is relatively new and often marginalized within the field, which can make it hard for researchers to learn how to do this research. We thus wrote this article as a way to provide support and direction for researchers, mentors, reviewers, and journal editors. Rather than providing hard-and-fast rules for how to write about 2SLGBTQIA+ topics, we hope to encourage researchers to be thoughtful and to ensure they keep the needs of the community at the top of their minds.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated shelter-in-place ordinances passed in the first year of the pandemic rapidly limited access to in-person social interactions, raising concerns of diminishing social support and community cohesion while psychological stressors increased. For LGBTQIA+ people, connectedness to the LGBTQIA+ community is known to buffer against the harmful effects of stressors and decrease risks for poor psychological and behavioral health outcomes. The current study uses qualitative cross-sectional and trajectory analysis methods to characterize how LGBTQIA+ people's perceptions of community connectedness shifted during the first year of the pandemic. A convenience sample of LGBTQIA+-identified people in the U.S. completed an initial online survey in September 2020 (n = 298 and a follow-up survey in September 2021 (n = 129). The survey included changes in connectedness to the LGBTQIA+ community since the pandemic's beginning. Thus, we used both cross-sectional (between-person analyses) and longitudinal trajectory (within-person analyses) qualitative approaches to understanding changes in LGBTQIA+ people's sense of connection to the LGBTQIA+ community across the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight cross-cutting themes (related to identity shifts/exploration, disconnection, online connections, and increased awareness of social justice issues) were identified and then organized within each level of the Social-Ecological Model of LGBTQIA+ wellbeing (i.e., the individual-, couple-, interpersonal-, organizational-, community-, and chronosystem- level). Given the importance of social support for LGBTQIA+ wellbeing, more longitudinal research is needed to determine whether these changes persist after the resolution of the acute phase of the pandemic.

IntroductionAlthough historically cisgender women (i.e., women whose sex assigned at birth is consonant with their gender) in the United States have had lower levels of alcohol consumption than cisgender men, recent analyses of historical and cohort data suggest that overall gender differences are narrowing.1 This narrowing is largely due to substantial increases in cisgender women's alcohol use, binge drinking (operationalized as four or more drinks in 1 day for cisgender women; five or more drinks in 1 day for cisgender men)1,2 and alcohol use disorder (AUD;

Research on LGBTQ populations has dramatically increased in both Western and non-Western countries over the past several decades. Attempts to synthesize this research have largely focused on studies conducted in the West. We conducted a review of LGBTQ research in China to elucidate trends and gaps in the literature and to provide a foundation for future research. We searched the literature to identify studies that focused on LGBTQ people in China using PsycINFO and reviews of article titles and abstracts in 15 English-language LGBTQ-specific journals published between 2011 and 2018. We used theWanfangdatabase to identify Chinese-language LGBTQ research articles published in any journal between 2011 and 2018. Each article was coded by topic, study type, province, and sample. These searches yielded 798 LGBTQ research studies conducted in China between 2011 and 2018. HIV/AIDS, sexuality, and LGBTQ-specific issues (e.g., coming out) have been most frequently studied. Most of the articles focused on sexual minority men (69.5%), with smaller proportions focused on sexual minority women (15.5%) or transgender individuals (2.6%). The disparity was reduced after excluding studies on HIV or other sexually transmitted infections. The geographic distribution of studies was uneven; most were conducted in economically developed areas. This study identified gaps and trends in LGBTQ research in China and highlighted priority and under-researched topics to guide future LGBTQ research. More research on these understudied populations and topics will contribute to understanding of LGBTQ populations.

This paper presents an adapted version of Bronfenbrenner's social ecological model that is responsive to the unique stressors and contexts experienced by LGBTQIA+ people.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and nonbinary, and queer people (LGBTQ+) experience significantly higher levels of stressors due to discrimination, stigma, and marginalization than do cisgender heterosexual people. These high levels of stressors have impacts on health and well-being as well as career impacts. Limited research suggests that within higher education LGBTQ+ faculty experience bullying, discrimination, and harassment within the workplace. There is also data to suggest that research on marginalized populations is perceived to be less objective and valuable than research on majority populations. Research on the challenges of being a member of a marginalized population who conducts research on the same population suggests potentially negative career and personal impacts. To my knowledge, there has been little to no research on the double marginalization related to being an LGBTQ+ researcher doing research within the LGBTQ+ community. To describe the potential impacts of being an LGBTQ+ researcher who does LGBTQ+ research, I apply the extant literature on marginalized researchers who do research among marginalized populations to LGBTQ+ researchers. I also describe the potential minority stressors that LGBTQ+ researchers may face and how that may impact careers. Finally, I offer multiple recommendations for improvements for our research community and argue that senior faculty, leadership, and mentors can take specific actions to lessen stressors for LGBTQ+ researchers studying LGBTQ-related topics.