Stefano Bresciani

Purpose: In a context characterized by increasing geopolitical instability and growing stakeholder demand for transparency, firms are increasingly expected to communicate their exposure to externally driven risks. Despite the growing relevance of geopolitical risk, limited research has examined how companies disclose such information and what factors drive these practices. Drawing on the managerial perspective of stakeholder theory, this study investigates the determinants of geopolitical risk disclosure (GPRD) among European listed firms. It focuses on key firm-specific factors – namely firm size, financial leverage, Internet visibility, and environmental sensitivity – to examine how these attributes shape corporate transparency in relation to geopolitical risks. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical analysis is conducted on a sample of 170 firms included in the MSCI Europe Index. The extent of GPRD is measured through manual content analysis of 2023 sustainability reports, based on a disclosure index developed from prior literature and established geopolitical risk dimensions. Using an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model, this study examines whether firm size, financial leverage, Internet visibility, and environmental sensitivity influence the extent of GPRD. Findings: The results indicate that the overall level of GPRD is moderate, suggesting that, despite the increasing relevance of geopolitical risk, firms still provide a limited amount of related information in their sustainability reports. In addition, firm size, Internet visibility, and environmental sensitivity are positively and significantly associated with GPRD, while financial leverage does not exhibit a statistically significant relationship. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by extending research on geopolitical risk beyond its economic and financial implications, focusing on its disclosure dimension. It also advances the literature on corporate and risk disclosure by isolating the geopolitical component and identifying its key determinants. Furthermore, it enriches the application of stakeholder theory by providing empirical evidence on the relevance of its managerial perspective in explaining firms' disclosure behavior in the context of externally driven risks.

Purpose: This paper aims to review how digital disruption is conceptualised across organisations, markets and society and interpret its implications through managerial and sustainability-oriented perspectives. It conceptualises disruption not as a technology itself, but as a process mediated by the reconfiguration of core managerial functions and examines how that process affects transparency, accountability and the credibility of sustainability-oriented market practices. Design/methodology/approach: This study draws on a qualitative systematic literature review of 81 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 and retrieved from Scopus. An integrative interpretive framework is developed by analysing disruption through the lens of classical managerial functions (i.e. planning, organising, staffing, leading and controlling) and interpreting them from an internal and external marketing management perspective. Findings: Digital disruption reconfigures managerial functions by making planning more anticipatory, organising more platform-mediated, staffing more hybrid, leadership more interpretive and ethically demanding and control more “datafied” and continuous. These interconnected changes offer opportunities for greater transparency, traceability, and responsiveness, while also creating risks of opacity, platform dependence, metric fixation, and accountability gaps. Sustainable marketing outcomes therefore depend on how organisations govern digitally enabled managerial reconfiguration rather than on technology adoption alone. Originality/value: This paper distinguishes digital technologies from the disruptive organisational consequences that may follow their adoption and explains disruption as a managerially mediated process. It extends disruption research through an integrated managerial functions framework and clarifies how this process conditions credible sustainable marketing. Practically, the framework helps managers assess whether digital initiatives support transparent sustainability claims, accountable decision-making and stakeholder trust.

Globalisation has increased economic competition, thereby forcing businesses to continuously innovate in order to survive (de Bem Jaeger et al., 2025). In light of these circumstances, researchers,...

Amid intensifying global climate challenges and the rapid expansion of digital technologies, this study analyses the effects of renewable energy (RE) and information and communication technology (ICT) on carbon footprint (CF) while examining the moderating role of foreign direct investment (FDI) within the proposed framework. The study utilizes a panel dataset covering five South Asian Economies over the period from 1996 to 2022. To capture the multidimensional nature of digitalization, a composite ICT index is constructed. Furthermore, the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) is employed to examine heterogeneous effects across different levels of carbon emissions. The results reveal that ICT decreases CF at the lower quantile. Importantly, the interaction between ICT and FDI has a significant positive impact on the environmental benefits of ICT, particularly at the lower quantile. Furthermore, RE tends to increase CF at the lower quantile. However, the negative effect of RE on emissions is strong at the higher quantile. Notably, this effect becomes more pronounced in the presence of FDI. This implies that FDI reinforces the emission‐reducing capacity of RE where it is most needed. These findings indicate that when digital and clean energy changes are accompanied by specific foreign investments, they are more likely to result in environmental benefits. Therefore, policymakers in South Asia should adopt a strategic policy that balances the expansion of technology with the inflow of capital with an aim to improve environmental sustainability.