André Rinaldi Fukushima

A Terapia do Esquema é uma abordagem psicoterapêutica integrativa voltada à modificação de padrões emocionais e cognitivos desadaptativos desenvolvidos precocemente, com crescente utilização em diferentes contextos clínicos. O presente estudo buscou analisar criticamente a base teórica da Terapia do Esquema, suas técnicas centrais, evidências de eficácia empírica e aplicações clínicas em diferentes transtornos e populações. Para tanto, foi conduzida uma revisão da literatura, incluindo estudos teóricos e empíricos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2025 nas bases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e PsycINFO, além da consulta a livros especializados. A seleção considerou publicações diretamente relacionadas à Terapia do Esquema, abrangendo diferentes delineamentos e contextos clínicos. Os achados indicam evidências consistentes de eficácia da Terapia do Esquema no tratamento de transtornos de personalidade, com destaque para o transtorno de personalidade borderline. Também foram identificadas evidências promissoras em depressão, transtornos de ansiedade, trauma complexo e dificuldades interpessoais. As técnicas experienciais, incluindo trabalho em cadeira, reescrita de imagens e parentalidade limitada, foram descritas como componentes centrais do modelo e associadas a mudanças clínicas relevantes. A formação e a competência do terapeuta emergiram como fatores críticos para a efetividade e sustentação dos resultados terapêuticos. A Terapia do Esquema apresenta fundamentação teórica consistente e utilidade clínica consolidada em transtornos de personalidade, além de potencial de expansão em outras condições de saúde mental. A adoção de técnicas experienciais e o investimento em formação especializada configuram elementos centrais para maximizar os benefícios clínicos do modelo.

BACKGROUND Ocular toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a key barrier and immunomodulatory layer in the eye, is directly targeted by Toxoplasma gondii during infection. However, its role in orchestrating the local immune response remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether RPE cells actively drive macrophage migration during T. gondii infection in vitro, and to identify associated cytokine profiles. METHODS Adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE)-19 and primary RPE cells were exposed to tachyzoites, soluble antigens or conditioned supernatants. Macrophage migration was assessed using Transwell® and under-agar assays. Cytokines were quantified by cytometric bead array. FINDINGS Both ARPE-19 and primary RPE exhibited chemotaxis toward parasite antigens (0.12 - 0.5 μg), and enhanced interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion. Co-culture with RAW 264.7 macrophages further amplified cytokine production. Primary RPE from infected animals occluded 90% of Transwell® pores within 24h. IL-6 and IL-10 levels strongly correlated with migratory activity (r = 0.82 and 0.77, respectively). MAIN CONCLUSIONS RPE cells are not passive targets but active participants in the ocular immune response to T. gondii. By secreting IL-6 and IL-10, they establish a chemotactic environment that recruits macrophages. These insights identify the RPE-cytokine-macrophage axis as a potential therapeutic target in ocular toxoplasmosis.

The growing interest in transferring therapeutic advances from human to veterinary medicine has spurred research into monoclonal antibodies and advanced therapies for treating cancer in small animals. This systematic review evaluates the feasibility and potential of these innovations, previously applied successfully in human oncology, for managing neoplasms in pets. By analyzing selected studies, the efficacy, mechanisms of action, challenges, and future perspectives of monoclonal antibodies, genetic therapies, and cellular therapies in veterinary oncology are assessed. Key findings include the successful use of bevacizumab and cetuximab in extending survival in human patients with metastatic cancers, the importance of Brazilian natural product research for identifying novel antineoplastic agents, and the emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in veterinary oncology. This review highlights the scientific evidence supporting the potential of advanced treatments to improve therapeutic outcomes in small animals, while also addressing implementation challenges, such as species-specific adaptations, safety assessments, and economic considerations. The translation of these therapies opens new avenues for cancer treatment in companion animals, aligning veterinary medicine with contemporary advances in human oncology.

Insulin overdose requires a multi-tool diagnostic approach because a single test is not sensitive and specific for diagnosis. Herein, animal cases of insulin-induced hypoglycemia are presented in nondiabetic patients. We report an outbreak of iatrogenic insulin poisoning in dogs. Twenty dogs presented with peracute clinical signs, and seven were submitted for postmortem and histological examination in the Setor de Anatomia Patológica (SAP) at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Tremors, inability to stand still, tachypnea, and intense vocalization were evident in 2 to 13 h of clinical evolution. All dogs had previously attended an anti-rabies vaccination campaign on the same day and time and showed peracute clinical signs after the application. The respondents reported suspicions about accidental parenteral administration of insulin in the dogs. Blood serum samples from the cardiac clot of the right ventricle of the dogs were sent for radioimmunoassay analysis to determine insulin dosage, and insulin was identified in three samples. Vitreous humor samples were submitted for flame atomic emission photometry and revealed low levels of potassium. Histologically, neuronal necrosis was observed in the temporal and frontal cortex. The epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological findings, along with the identification of insulin in the blood serum and atomic emission spectroscopy for potassium recovery, confirmed insulin poisoning. For the first time in veterinary medicine, accidental insulin-induced hypoglycemia is reported in nondiabetic dogs. Flame atomic emission photometry was a promising tool for indicating high circulating insulin levels in forensic veterinary medicine.

Introduction: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potentially carcinogenic organic compounds composed of two or more fused aromatic rings, frequently found in vegetable oils due to their lipophilic nature. Objective: Evaluate and quantify Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, especially the group of four regulatory Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs-4) (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and chrysene), in corn, soybean, canola and olive oil oils marketed in Brazil, verifying compliance with national and international food safety standards. Methods: Four categories of oils were selected (corn, soybean, canola and olive oil), each with three distinct brands, analyzed in triplicate. The samples were extracted and purified according to an established protocol, followed by gas chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). The focus was on quantification, for this purpose, a calibration curve was built for the analytes, considering parameters of current legislation. Results: It was found that most samples presented benzo(a)pyrene levels below 2.0 μg/kg, the limit established by the Brazilian legislation for olive pomace oil. However, high levels of the group of four regulatory Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons were observed in canola oil samples, in some cases exceeding limits recommended by international regulations. Discussion: These findings highlight the need for more comprehensive regulations addressing not only benzo(a)pyrene but also the sum of PAHs. Furthermore, improving industrial refining processes is crucial to mitigating risks to consumer health.

Objetivo: Sintetizar evidências recentes sobre (i) manejo clínico, (ii) diretrizes nacionais e internacionais e (iii) perspectivas terapêuticas (incluindo vosoritide) na acondroplasia. Métodos: Revisão narrativa de publicações de 2021–2025 na PubMed, com critérios explícitos de inclusão/exclusão e justificativa para inclusão de diretrizes como literatura normativa. Resultados: Os estudos identificados descrevem técnicas ortopédicas (ex.: alongamento com hastes intramedulares), avaliação respiratória não colaborativa, estratégias diagnósticas (ex.: High-Resolution Melting para FGFR3), além de diretrizes internacionais para implementa­ção e monitoramento de vosoritide; consensos regionais e nacionais reforçam o cuidado multiprofissional. Conclusão: Há convergência quanto à necessidade de vigilância longitudinal, equipe multiprofissional e padronização de protocolos, com terapias direcionadas despontando como avanço, sem substituir intervenções funcionais e cirúrgicas quando indicadas. Descritores: Acondroplasia; Manejo Clínico; Diretrizes Clínicas; FGFR3; Vosoritide.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, através das falas e expressões dos participantes, se as provas realizadas e veiculadas por reality shows competitivos causam sofrimento, e, a partir disso, refletir sobre o consumo desse sofrimento como forma de entretenimento por parte da sociedade contemporânea, e avaliar os impactos dessa prática do ponto de vista neurocognitivo. Por fim, pretende-se tecer uma crítica sobre os impactos da exposição frequente a estes conteúdos no comportamento humano. Para contribuir com a proposta deste trabalho, nos embasamos nas ideias e teorias propostas por Guy Debord (1967), Adorno e Horkheimer (1985), Hannah Arendt (1999), Eugênio Bucci e Maria Rita Kehl (2004), Silvia Viana (2012), Byung Chul-Han (2015), e Anna Lembke (2022). Este trabalho se caracteriza como um estudo qualitativo de perspectiva exploratória, que utiliza material audiovisual transcrito, e artigos científicos para análise.

The demographic shift in Brazil, marked by a growing elderly population, has brought about increased attention to the health outcomes of older adults. Alcohol consumption is an associated risk factor. Although traditionally more prevalent in younger age groups, recent studies have revealed an upward trend in alcohol consumption among the elderly, representing an emerging public health concern. However, studies focusing on the elderly are limited, as the majority of investigations have concentrated on younger age groups. This integrative review was conducted to analyze existing research on patterns of alcohol use among elderly individuals in Brazil, highlighting the strong associations between alcohol use in older adults and variables such as sex, ethnicity, age, education, socioeconomic status, health status, and tobacco use. National data indicate an increase in alcohol use among older adults, but there are still barriers to fully analyzing the current patterns. Furthermore, the review found no consistent evidence connecting alcohol intake with chronic diseases or oral health complications in the elderly population. Nevertheless, evidence suggests an association with declining physical performance. No study has addressed the psychological impact of alcohol consumption on the elderly.

Objetivo: revisão literária sobre laserterapia no tratamento de distúrbios mentais, como depressão, ansiedade e alteração de humor. Métodos: foram pesquisados artigos do período de 2008 a 2023 onde de 35 artigos encontrados, apenas 11 foram utilizados das seguintes bases de dados, Scielo, Interfisio, revista de medicina Mary Ann Liebert, revista SpringerLink, revista Research, Society and Development. Resultados: A liberação da luz de baixa intensidade em áreas do cérebro tem efeito positivo no aumento da produção de ATP e respostas celulares, além do estimulo na liberação de serotonina. Conclusão: O tratamento com a fotobiomodulação em regiões do cérebro para doenças mentais tem sido uma alternativa não farmacológica e econômica para doenças como a depressão, ansiedade e alterações de humor, além de retardar o progresso de doenças neurodegenerativas.