Gleriani Torres Carbone Ferreira

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to identify externalities in the chain and recommend strategies for the participating companies to either avoid or, at the very least, minimize negative externalities. Design/methodology/approach – case study, utilizing data obtained from different sources, including interviews and observations, in addition to other sources such as government documents, videos, and reports. Findings – The lack of a holistic approach to the supply chain hinders value generation in the region. Some externalities generated are prices below their potential, environmental consequences, and the perpetuation of social issues in the region. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this study are related to the method adopted and the volume of conducted interviews. Thus, as in case studies, the results cannot be generalized. As a suggestion for future studies, replicating the method in other supply chains are suggested, which could be useful to confirm the mapping and analysis of the supply chain, considering the perspective of each link, covering them completely for a complete and detailed analysis. Practical implications – The analysis should not consider the success of an individual participant or node in isolation. For the supplies chain to be competitive, it is not sufficient for only a few nodes or participants to achieve positive results. Social implications – avoidance of environmental consequences and the perpetuation of social issues associated with the region. Originality/value – A holistic approach to the production chain can generate value in the region, avoiding negative externalities.

Society relies on technology and innovation (T&I) to tackle some of its great challenges, and it has been given even more importance since the increasing concern over sustainability issues. A particular concern is the Amazon rainforest’s impact on sustainability and what this means for the planet. The paper analyzes how research on technology and innovation in the Amazon region is addressing sustainability issues. This wide-ranging intentional approach has led to an integrative picture, providing the first systematic literature review that connects these themes within a specific region, resulting in 222 academic publications from 1992 to 2020. The main findings indicate that: (1) 40.1% of the studies relate to the management field, which percentage increased significantly after 2015; (2) the dispersion of the studied themes confirms the plurality of Amazonian environmental wealth, but their lack of integration represents a constraint to the development of public policies; (3) market and public policies are both powerful but conflicting innovation drivers; (4) although studies on innovations address greenhouse gas emissions, innovation also includes forest degradation activities; and (5) there are different drivers and applications behind initiatives in technology and innovation, which depend on the local context.

The development of the Amazon region depends on the organisation and improvement of production chains able to benefit forest species and animals. The purpose of this paper is to map and categorise the studies developed on the Arapaima gigas, a commercialisable fish native to the Amazon, responding to the following research questions: first, which links of the production chain have most of the studies on the pisciculture of the Amazon region? Second, is environmental performance being approached in studies on production chains in the Amazon region? To reach the objective, the authors used the systematic literature review (SLR) method. The authors analysed a sample of 121 articles published in 95 journals between 1981 and 2018. The research contains bibliometric and contents analyses. The main conclusions include the identification of various possibilities of studies throughout the different production chains in the Amazon region; the multidisciplinarity of research on a single species in the Amazon region; the importance of empirical studies in the construction of knowledge about the natural behaviour of the species; the need for integration and sharing of knowledge to create an efficient and competitive production chain. As a limitation, this study encompasses a broad spectrum of issues in the literature, therefore, it was only possible to offer a general overview of these issues. At the same time, this broad and intentional approach presents a comprehensive framing of the themes and phenomena that occur at each link of the production chain of Amazon fish farming. This research consists in an SLR with organised, transparent and replicable procedures as recommended in the literature (Littell et al., 2008). The SLR is suited to the mapping of areas where there is a high level of uncertainty and new studies are necessary (Petticrew and Roberts, 2006). This research method is especially useful when dealing with a large volume of information (Tranfield et al., 2003). The use of SLR limits researcher bias by trying to evaluate and select relevant studies on the study theme (Petticrew and Roberts, 2006). There are a number of possibilities for studies of the different production chains in the Amazon region; the results of mapping the production chains help to prioritise “what” should be researched in the Amazon region to promote more effective impacts for all stakeholders; research on pisciculture in the Amazon region can be used as a diagnostic tool for public policy formulators; the development of corporate environmental management is intrinsically linked to the process of analysis and understanding of the operations and costs that arise in different links of the production chain. As a limitation, this study encompasses a broad spectrum of issues in the literature, therefore, it was only possible to offer a general overview of these issues. In terms of practical implications, it is possible to note that the dispersion of themes found in this study confirms the plurality of the richness of the Amazon and suggests that research institutions should be able to commit to the drafting of integrated planning of science, as well as compilation of the results reached. It is also important to highlight Brazil’s role in the leadership of research in the Amazon region compared to other countries. The aim of the paper was twofold: to supply a focussed review of the literature on the production chain of a species in Amazon pisciculture and to identify a research agenda capable of overcoming the gaps that impede the development of this chain. More specifically, this study reviewed the available research on the chain in question to analyse the links that have the largest volume of studies and to orient future research.

This article is the result of a qualitative research with multiple case studies in CSI portfolio companies with Foundation or Institute, and an exploratory research in articles; sustainability, integrated, or socioenvironmental reports; books; and websites on Private Social Investment and CSI (Corporate Sustainability Index). The return assesment of the PSI is increasingly required in the corporate world, because besides being positively ranked on the São Paulo Stock Exchange, it is critical for the maintenance of social projects, as well as to invest in new actions for the communities. The general objective of this study is to analyze how companies with Foundations and Institutes integrating the CSI portfolio evaluate the return of the PSI. The specific objectives are: i) to identify strategical policies and guidelines for PSI application; ii) analyze the leadership involvement with the PSI decisions; iii) identify possible impacts of PSI actions on the reputational image of the companies. iv) identify the focal point of action; v) check how the community needs are assessed; vi) check how the PSI impacts are evaluated. Among other relevant conclusions, it was found that the way in which PSI management is carried out, expresses the alignment of the sustainability to the business strategy. The study provides scholarly and practical contributions, by highlighting that the PSI actions are important in terms of the reputational image of the companies.

A busca pelo aumento da competitividade por meio da participação em Clusters de Negócios (CN) tem na literatura a constatação da eficiência desse modelo. Contudo, identificou-se uma lacuna teórica com este enfoque, em particular uma que identifique estratégias que culminam em ameaças para o modelo. Com base nestes aspectos, o objetivo desse estudo foi apresentar uma discussão teórica acerca dos fatores que ameaçam a sobrevivência dos CN. Desenvolveuse um levantamento bibliográfico no âmbito da competitividade e do ciclo de vida dos CN. Como resultado foram identificados 14 fatores que ameaçam a competitividade sustentável dos CN.

O investimento social privado (ISP) é um tema em ascensão, já considerado estratégico por muitas empresas da carteira ISE (Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial). Contudo, faz-se necessário um processo de avaliação de retorno do ISP a fim de garantir a manutenção ou ampliação dos recursos financeiros alocados, além de ser um instrumento avaliado positivamente nas análises desenvolvidas pela BOVESPA (Bolsa de valores de São Paulo). Face ao exposto, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar como as empresas integrantes da carteira ISE avaliam o retorno das ações de ISP que desenvolvem. Com relação à metodologia utilizada, optou-se por dois tipos de pesquisas: a primeira, exploratória em livros, artigos acadêmicos e relatórios de sustentabilidade, integrados ou socioambientais das empresas da carteira ISE. A segunda, por meio de pesquisa aplicada, qualitativa, explicativa com estudo de casos, onde se investigou como as empresas integrantes do ISE avaliam o retorno do ISP. Complementarmente, os resultados foram cruzados com as respostas fornecidas pelas empresas ao questionário do ISE - dimensão social. Como resultado, pode-se avaliar a prática de avaliação do ISE, bem como as estratégias adotadas pelas empresas e foi possível comprovar que a gestão do ISP deixa transparecer o quanto o tema está alinhado à estratégia da empresa.

O sistema fluvial amazônico abriga mais de um quinto da água doce do planeta, o que instiga governos e sociedade a explorar, estrategicamente e de modo responsável, o gigantesco potencial econômico desse ecossistema. Este estudo foi desenvolvido no berço da região da Amazônia brasileira e, por meio de 47 entrevistas em profundidade elaboradas ao longo de seis turnos de viagens à região, mapeou, de forma inédita, a cadeia produtiva extrativista de uma das mais importantes espécies de peixes da região, o Arapaima gigas, conhecido como pirarucu da Amazônia. Buscou-se reunir o estoque de conhecimento científico ao saber popular, elevando o entendimento acerca de uma cadeia produtiva com grande potencial econômico e social e diminuindo o risco de extinção da espécie. Observou-se, ao longo da pesquisa, que a cadeia extrativista de pescados é operada fundamentalmente por pequenas empresas e famílias ribeirinhas com objetivo fundamental de garantir subsistência. A despeito das práticas de manejo e beneficiamento terem se mostrado eficazes para a geração de renda e desenvolvimento local, o potencial econômico dessa cadeia, em especial para abastecimento de outras regiões do Brasil, é sensivelmente restringido pela ausência de uma cadeia produtiva consolidada. Os dados da pesquisa sugerem que a ausência de cadeias produtivas completas e de ações estratégicas de governos e empresas restringem severamente o potencial econômico dos produtos da região. Notou-se, contudo, que tal cenário mostra sinais de mudança, particularmente por meio da estruturação de programas dedicados à organização de sistemas de produção em Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.