Ahmet Uzun

Aim: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a widely used, non-invasive technique that provides valuable information about phase angle (PhA) and hydration status, both of which are indicators of cellular health. In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), fluid balance is often disrupted due to impaired kidney function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) on segmental PhA values and body fluid distribution in patients with CRF.Material and Methods: Patients receiving HD for CRF were enrolled. Using a multi-frequency (5, 50, 250 kHz) BIA device, segmental PhA and body fluid composition were measured. Results: Post-dialysis measurements revealed a significant increase in phase angles across all examined segments. Concurrently, extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW) and total body water (TBW) volumes significantly decreased, whereas both ECW/TBW and ECW/ICW ratios increased.Conclusion: HD leads to significant shifts in body fluid compartments, resulting in reduced hydration status and increased segmental phase angles values.

Aim: The study was performed to understand the differences in the morphometric properties of the proximal femur between age, sex and right-left side in the Turkish population. Materials and Methods: Morphometric measurements were made on CT images of 404 people (210 men, 194 women). People were four grouped into 10 year age ranges. We measured femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, femoral head length, femoral neck length, inter trochanteric length, hip axis length, femoral axis length, acetabular depth, inclination angle, lateral central edge angle, Alsberg Angle, anterior central edge angle, posterior central edge angle, acetabular anteversion angle, Sharp Angle, acetabular abduction angle. We calculated femoral head coverage ratio and acetabular depth width index. Results: All length, depth, diameter measurements, inclination angle and acetabular abduction angle were found greater in males than in females. Posterior center edge angle, acetabular anteversion angle and Sharp angle were found greater in women than in men. Femoral head diameter was measured smaller in the 20-29 age group compared to other age groups. It was determined the femoral head coverage ratio increased with age. Sharp angle decreased significantly between the ages of 20-29 and 50-59. depth width index were found larger on the left side. Conclusion: Knowing the morphometric values of the proximal femur revealed in this study may contribute to the procedures to be applied to the proximal femur and hip region and may also increase the reliability of operative situations.

Aim: This study aimed to undertake an anthropometric assessment and to compare the muscular strength of elite athletes with that of a control group to predict Mallampati classification. Material and Method: The study group consisted of elite track athletes, and the control group consisted of volunteers with similar characteristics. Anthropometric measurements of the hand, fingers, and wrist were made; handgrip strength and the pinch strength of the fingers were also measured. A serum biochemical analysis was then performed. Participants were divided into two groups: those with Modified Mallampati Scores (MMS) I and II, and those with III and IV. A partial correlation test was used to examine the correlations of the variables according to the MMS groups. Results: The study included 32 elite athletes and 42 volunteer participants. Serum Na level, fingertip to root digit 3 (FTR3), and FTR4 were significantly lower in males in MMS groups 3-4. Among all cases, wrist extension angle (WEA) was found to be significantly lower in MMS group 3-4. However, hand breadth at thumb (HBT), hand depth radial (HDR), breadth at the first joint of digit 2 (BFJD2), pinch strength of thumb (PST), and PSLF were significantly higher in MMS groups 3-4. Among these variables, HBT, BFJD2, PST, and PSLF were significantly higher in elite athletes, but HDR was similar between the study groups. MMS groups showed the highest correlation with the pinch strength of the thumb. Conclusion: The pinch strength of the thumb and little finger was determined as the most important predictors for the MMS group rather than the handgrip strength (HGS).

Aim: The phase angle obtained from the maximum reactance (PA max) is a better potential indicator than the phase angles obtained from multiple frequencies. Our aim in this study is to investigate the correlation of PA max with fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2 DM). Material and Methods: The study was conducted prospectively, two groups were formed as T2 DM (n=75) and healthy controls (n=32) and their demographic variables were examined. Right hand, left hand, right leg, left leg, hand leg and leg leg segment measurements were taken with electrical impedance method and phase angle was obtained at maximum reactance. Correlations with fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c and other variables were examined. Results: Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, age, body mass index, body fat percentage were found to be significantly higher in the T2 DM group compared with the healthy group. However, RH PA max, RL PA max, LL PA max, H_L PA max, and L_L PA max values were found to be significantly lower than in the healthy group. In T2 DM group, hemoglobin A1c was found significantly negative correlated with PA max in all segments, while fasting glucose is negatively correlated with all segments except LH Pamax. Conclusion: PA max is significantly reduced by the impaired glycemic index in T2 DM and is a potential marker reflecting metabolic status.

Aim: Among the hand functions, grasping is an important function for the continuity of daily living activities. The assessment of grip strength is crucial for identifying athletic prowess, neuromuscular illnesses, assessing potential side effects following hand surgery, and treatment plans. It was aimed to examine whether bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and upper extremity anthropometric measurements are effected grip strength in young adults. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 110 young adults, 55 males and 55 females, aged 18-25 years. Individuals with a history of trauma, musculoskeletal problems, and cardiac, respiratory, metabolic, or systemic diseases were not included in the study. Non-flexible tape measure, Harpenden anthropometric set, digital caliper, hand dynamometer, and skinfold caliper were used for anthropometric measurements. Body fat percentage and lean body mass, muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, and total body fluid parameters were investigated by bioelectrical impedance measurement. Three measurements were taken to reduce the error rate, and the average of these measurements was considered. Results: Excluding arm circumference, forearm length, and wrist circumference from anthropometric measurements, and mineral from BIA parameters; anthropometric measurements and BIA results were found to be statistically significantly correlated with grip strength. Conclusion: Upper extremity anthropometric measurements and BIA were associated with grip strength and varied according to gender. Significant correlations were found between grip strength with most of the anthropometric parameters and BIA.

Purpose The double tendon of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was observed on the left leg of a 80-year-old male cadaver. Methods A male cadaver 80 years old was subjected to routine anatomical dissection for research and teaching purposes. Results The main tendon of the EDL muscle started just at the end of the muscle belly. However, the accessory tendon started at the tendinous end of the muscle as a continuation of the muscle. The main and accessory tendons split into two more slips after passing through the same tunnel below the extensor retinaculum. There was also difference on ending of the tendon slips of EDL muscle. The main tendon divided into two tendinous slips on the dorsum of the foot attached to the second and third toes. The accessory tendon divided into two tendinous slips on the dorsum of the foot attached to the fourth and the fifth toes. Conclusion Knowledge of the tendons and anatomical differences of this muscle is important for surgeons in interventional procedures involving the dorsum of the foot.

Objective: Determining the height and weight of the person is the most important factor in forensic cases in which the body integrity is impaired including natural disasters, traffic accidents, wars, murders and decomposition of the body. In this study, it was aimed to obtain linear and multiple regression models and formulas for determining height and weight from foot measurements.Methods: The relationship between foot measurements and the height and weight of 180 adult individuals (90 males, 90 females) aged 20-65 years were analyzed retrospectively. Foot length and height, malleolar width, calcaneus length and height, 1-5. metatarsal length relationships with height were interpreted. Proximal metatarsal width, distal metatarsal width, 1-5. metatarsal distal end width, proximal end width and corpus width relations with a body weight were evaluated.Results: For both feet in men, the correlations between height and foot length, height and 5th metatarsal length, and between weight and 2nd metatarsal distal end width were found to be significant. For both feet in women, correlation relationship between height and foot length, 1st metatarsal length, 3rd metatarsal length and in terms of body weight, the correlation relationship between the 1st metatarsal distal tip width, 3rd metatarsal corpus width, 4th metatarsal corpus width, and 5th metatarsal proximal tip width was found to be significant.Conclusion: In the study, formulas for regression equations, height estimation and body weight were obtained from foot measurements. When the formulas have been developed are used according to gender, they show a deviation of 9-10 cm for height estimation and 11-14 kg for body weight estimation. When our formulas are evaluated by ignoring the gender difference, they show a deviation of less than 6 cm for height estimation and 8-9 kg for body weight. We believe that height and body weight from foot measurements could be predicted by the virtue of our formulas in similar populations. We think that our study results will be beneficial for forensic specialists, archaeologists, criminologists, and researchers who will conduct detailed research on this subject in estimating height and body weight from foot measurements in cases where body integrity cannot be preserved.