Emre Uğuz

Background: Metabolic age (Met-Age), a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived index based on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition, has been associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, its relationship with body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity severity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study investigated the association between obesity severity and Met-Age and identified factors associated with Met-Age. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 683 adults with T2DM were classified into five BMI categories: normal weight, overweight, and class I, II, and III obesity. Anthropometric, laboratory, and BIA-derived body composition data were analyzed using correlation and sex-stratified multivariable linear regression analyses. Results: Although chronological age did not differ significantly across groups, Met-Age increased progressively with increasing obesity severity (p < 0.001). The Jonckheere–Terpstra test confirmed a significant ordered increase in Met-Age across BMI categories. BMI, fat mass, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) also increased progressively with increasing obesity severity. In the multivariable regression analyses, chronological age and WHtR were positively associated with Met-Age in both sexes, whereas muscle mass showed a weak inverse association with Met-Age only in female participants. No significant correlations were found between Met-Age and fasting blood glucose (FBG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: In individuals with T2DM, greater obesity severity was associated with higher BIA-derived Met-Age. WHtR was positively associated with Met-Age in both sexes, whereas muscle mass showed a weak inverse association among female participants. Met-Age may serve as a descriptive index reflecting body composition and metabolic characteristics; however, its incremental clinical value beyond BMI and WHtR remains unproven.

Aim: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a widely used, non-invasive technique that provides valuable information about phase angle (PhA) and hydration status, both of which are indicators of cellular health. In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), fluid balance is often disrupted due to impaired kidney function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) on segmental PhA values and body fluid distribution in patients with CRF.Material and Methods: Patients receiving HD for CRF were enrolled. Using a multi-frequency (5, 50, 250 kHz) BIA device, segmental PhA and body fluid composition were measured. Results: Post-dialysis measurements revealed a significant increase in phase angles across all examined segments. Concurrently, extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW) and total body water (TBW) volumes significantly decreased, whereas both ECW/TBW and ECW/ICW ratios increased.Conclusion: HD leads to significant shifts in body fluid compartments, resulting in reduced hydration status and increased segmental phase angles values.

This study investigates the correlation between lower extremity anthropometric parameters and the quadriceps angle in relation to horizontal jump performance in healthy young adults. Ninety-six healthy young adults (aged 18-30 years), participating in no regular sports activity, were included. Measurements of lower extremity length, thigh length, leg length, foot length, hip circumference, and waist circumference were taken in centimeters using a non-elastic tape measure in an upright position. The quadriceps angle was measured with a goniometer, and horizontal jump performance was assessed via the standing broad jump test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29.00. A significant negative correlation was found between the quadriceps angle (both legs) and hip circumference, waist circumference, foot length, and horizontal jump distance. The quadriceps angle of the right leg also negatively correlated with lower extremity, thigh, and leg lengths. Horizontal jump distance positively correlated with lower extremity, thigh, leg, and foot lengths. Longer lower extremity, thigh, leg, and foot lengths enhance horizontal jump performance, while an increased quadriceps angle reduces it. These results highlight the quadriceps angle as a critical factor in horizontal jump performance, warranting further research.

Purpose Both the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and fibularis tertius (FT) muscles exhibit a wide range of morphological variations. Methods A 70-year-old male cadaver was subjected to routine anatomical dissection for research and teaching purposes. Results The EDL had a markedly smaller fleshy belly, whereas the FT appeared hypertrophic. The EDL tendon displayed an atypical elongation and bifurcated into only three distinct slips, which inserted into the dorsal digital expansions of the second, third, and fourth toes. In contrast, the FT tendon was remarkably well-developed and divided into two slips. The lateral slip attached to the dorsal aspect of the base of the fifth metatarsal, while the medial slip extended distally to integrate into the dorsal digital expansion of the fifth toe. Conclusion In injuries involving tendon incisions, clinicians should consider EDL variations to ensure proper tendon restoration. The FT muscle flap and tendon grafts are commonly used to correct ankle joint laxity and foot drop. Understanding variations in the EDL and FT is crucial for surgical planning.

Background: Metabolic age (met-age), a risk marker, may vary within the same chronological age group. Its association with chronological age, waist/height ratio, obesity degree, body mass index (BMI), and physical rating score (PRS)—risk factors for type 2 diabetes—remains unexplored. Methods: A total of 122 type 2 diabetes patients (50 males, 72 females) were analyzed. Bioimpedance measurements were taken using the Tanita MC-780MA, alongside anthropometric data. Variables were compared, and correlations with met-age were assessed. Results: The met-age–chronological age difference was higher in females with type 2 diabetes (p < 0.001). Females also had higher BMI, obesity degree, fat mass, and waist/height ratio (p < 0.05), but lower waist/hip ratio (p < 0.001). Males showed higher PRS, muscle mass, and fat-free mass (p < 0.001). Met-age positively correlated with chronological age and negatively with PRS in both sexes (p < 0.05). According to the linear regression model, in females, the met-age was influenced positively by chronological age and waist/height ratio and negatively by PRS (R² = 0.983). In males, it was positively influenced by chronological age, obesity grade, and BMI, but negatively by PRS (R² = 0.974). Conclusions: Met-age correlates with chronological age and PRS in type 2 diabetes patients. It increases with advancing age and lower PRS, with waist/height ratio impacting females and BMI/obesity degree affecting males.

Morfometrisi ve fasiyal asimetrinin bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada genç erişkinlerde kraniyofasiyal antropometrik ölçümlerin ve fasiyal asimetrinin cinsiyetler arası karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmesi amaçlandı. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışma 75 kız 75 erkek olmak üzere toplam 150 birey üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Katılımcıların dijital fotoğraf makinesi kullanılarak fotoğrafları çekilerek bu fotoğraflar üzerinden kraniyofasiyal ölçümler “ImageJ” programıyla yapıldı. Gnathion merkezli ölçümler yüzün sağ ve sol yarısında ayrı ayrı ölçülerek asimetri değerleri ve yüzdeleri hesaplandı. BULGULAR: Minimum frontal genişlik ve bilateral alt yüz derinliği erkeklerde kızlara göre daha yüksek ve istatistiksel anlamlı bulunurken (p=0.016; p= 0.028), baş yüksekliği, total kraniyofasiyal baş yüksekliği, bilateral üst yüz derinliği, fizyonomik yüz yüksekliği, iç ve dış kantal mesafe, sağ ve sol göz fissür uzunlukları ve burun uzunluğu kızlarda erkeklere göre daha yüksek ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p=0.025; p=0.041; p=0.026; p=0.036; p=0.000; p=0.000; p=0.032; p=0.005; p=0.000) bulundu. Gnathion merkezli yapılan ölçümlerde yüzün sağ yarısındaki parametreler sol yarısına göre daha uzun ve genel olarak erkeklerde kızlara göre daha yüksek ölçüldü. SONUÇ: Çalışmada her iki cinsiyet arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulundu. Fasiyal asimetri erkeklerde kızlara göre daha fazla tespit edildi. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin yüz anomalileri, pre-op yüz değerlendirmesi ve uygun tedavi protokolünün planlanmasında yardımcı olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Handball players need to have upper extremity power and sufficient grip strength to be successful. In this context, it was aimed to determine the relationship between upper extremity anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis with grip strength in elite handball players. The study was conducted on 95 female elite handball players aged 18-24. Athletes with any trauma, musculoskeletal system problems, metabolic or systemic diseases that could affect the upper extremity were not included in the study. Stadiometer, electronic scale, digital caliper, inflexible tape measure, hand dynamometer, pinchmeter and skinfold caliper were used for anthropometric measurements, while Tanita MC-780 was used for bioelectrical impedance analysis. Upper extremity length, arm circumference, arm span, forearm length, forearm circumference, hand length, hand width, hand span, wrist medio-lateral diameter, wrist dorso-volar diameter, wrist circumference, tip pinch, key pinch, palmar pinch were found to be statistically significantly positively correlated with grip strength. A positive significant correlation was identified between grip strength and weight, body mass index, basal metabolic rate, waist/hip ratio from bioelectrical impedance analysis. The positive correlation between grip strength and athletes' anthropometric variables demonstrated the effect of hand anthropometry on grip strength in athletes who use their hands to grip a ball or an opponent. The results of this study can be useful for optimizing training programs as well as providing practical applications for talent selection of handball players.

Aim: The phase angle obtained from the maximum reactance (PA max) is a better potential indicator than the phase angles obtained from multiple frequencies. Our aim in this study is to investigate the correlation of PA max with fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2 DM). Material and Methods: The study was conducted prospectively, two groups were formed as T2 DM (n=75) and healthy controls (n=32) and their demographic variables were examined. Right hand, left hand, right leg, left leg, hand leg and leg leg segment measurements were taken with electrical impedance method and phase angle was obtained at maximum reactance. Correlations with fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c and other variables were examined. Results: Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, age, body mass index, body fat percentage were found to be significantly higher in the T2 DM group compared with the healthy group. However, RH PA max, RL PA max, LL PA max, H_L PA max, and L_L PA max values were found to be significantly lower than in the healthy group. In T2 DM group, hemoglobin A1c was found significantly negative correlated with PA max in all segments, while fasting glucose is negatively correlated with all segments except LH Pamax. Conclusion: PA max is significantly reduced by the impaired glycemic index in T2 DM and is a potential marker reflecting metabolic status.