Sanjib Ganguly

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising clean energy technology; however, their long‐term degradation remains a critical challenge, limiting their commercialization and operational efficiency. This paper presents a simplified semi‐empirical model for predicting degradation trends of PEMFC. The proposed model combines an equivalent electrical circuit framework with polarization curve data. The Levenberg–Marquardt (L–M) optimization algorithm is utilized to estimate the degradation model parameters across different polarization datasets over time, while empirical time‐dependent relationships are determined using curve‐fitting techniques. To evaluate the end of life of PEMFC, the model is applied under constant loading conditions (FC‐CL) and quasi‐dynamic loading (FC‐QDL) using the IEEE Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) dataset. In addition, aging data for the polarization curve is generated up to the estimated lifetime to analyze the evolution of polarization characteristics over time. Furthermore, the end‐of‐life (EOL) of PEMFC is analyzed, along with the impact of parameter uncertainty on EOL prediction. Finally, a comparative analysis of the proposed model with the long short‐term memory (LSTM)‐based machine learning approach is studied.

This article presents a hierarchical voltage control framework based on multitimescale model predictive control (MPC) for ADNs, with high penetration of photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles. The proposed scheme utilizes a hybrid control architecture, wherein OLTC is controlled at the first stage using MPC, leveraging sparse measurement and communication-based centralized control scheme. Inverter-driven control devices (IDCDs) are operated on a faster timescale, utilizing MPC-based distributed coordination. To enhance operational efficiency, a community detection algorithm based on network modularity is utilized for network clustering. A modified modularity metric incorporating the diameter of the cluster, in addition to the average voltage sensitivity and device regulation capacity, is utilized for improved network partitioning. A decomposition coordination control model is used for distributed control of IDCDs, utilizing the alternating-direction method of multipliers, with reduced communication overhead. The scalability and coordination capability of the presented model are validated on the 33-bus network and the IEEE 123-bus network.