Valdenice Aparecida de Menezes

Malocclusion may affect adolescents’ sociability and may be associated with school violence. This study aimed to analyze the association between malocclusion, bullying, and cyberbullying among teenagers. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 801 adolescents aged 14 to 19 from public schools in Olinda, Brazil. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire based on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey and a clinical intraoral examination following Moyers’ criteria. A logistic regression model was adjusted for each dependent variable, including only those variables that showed a significant association (p-value ≤ 0.20) in the bivariate analysis. The statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows. Most of the participants were females aged 14 to 16, with a family income of up to one minimum wage. Nearly 40% had class II malocclusion, 20% reported bullying, and 10% cyberbullying. Adolescents with anterior open bite had a higher likelihood of being bullied (OR: 2.9; CI: 1.4-6.2). It was concluded that malocclusion with facial impact is associated with bullying but not with cyberbullying.

Adolescents are constantly using new technologies, and excessive screen use is known to have mental consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, which also configure triggering factors for bruxism. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between bruxism and screen time in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,433 students aged 14-19 years and enrolled in Brazilian public schools. Adolescents answered a questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, bruxism, and screen time. The questions used to collected data were obtained from the Brazilian National School Health Survey, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. STATA 12.0 for Windows, EPI INFO 7.2.2.16, and Excel 2010 were used for information analysis. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated to assess students’ profiles. The chi-squared test was applied to verify associations between categorical variables. The prevalence ratio was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. Results will be analyzed considering a 5% significance level. Results show that among the participants, 32.4% had bruxism, 59.7% used screens excessively, 53% were aged 14-16 years, and 56.1% were girls. “Screen time” (p-value 0.008), “gender” (p-value 0.009), and “school grade” (p-value 0.001) were associated with bruxism. Regarding screen time, “paternal education” (p-value 0.037), “Bolsa Família” (p-value 0.034), and “monthly family income” (p-value 0.001) were associated with bruxism. Thus, bruxism and screen time had significant associations among the surveyed adolescents.

To verify the association between bullying and awake and sleep bruxism in school teenagers.

Resumo O estudo investiga a associação entre o contexto escolar e a ocorrência de múltiplos parceiros entre adolescentes, considerando as variáveis individuais. Estudo transversal com análise multinível, realizado no período de fevereiro a junho de 2018 com estudantes de 14 a 19 anos. A variável desfecho (múltiplos parceiros sexuais) foi coletada com base no questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). As variáveis do contexto escolar foram tempo na escola (escola regular vs escola integral/semi-integral) e índice de vulnerabilidade social (IVS) do bairro onde a escola está localizada. De 2.500 participantes, 1.044 foram analisados por serem sexualmente ativos. A maioria dos adolescentes (63,89%) teve dois ou mais parceiros. Estudantes de escola regular (mínimo de 4h diárias) tiveram mais chances (OR 1.47, IC 1.10-1.97) de terem múltiplos parceiros sexuais quando comparados àqueles de escola integral/semi-integral (mínimo de 7h diárias). Porém, não houve associação em relação ao IVS dos bairros das escolas (OR 1.18, IC 0.82-1.70). Maior tempo na escola esteve associado a menor chance de múltiplos parceiros sexuais, enquanto estudar em escolas localizadas em bairro de alta vulnerabilidade não esteve associado à ocorrência de múltiplos parceiros sexuais entre adolescentes.

The objective was to investigate the association between the school context and the occurrence of multiple partners among adolescents, considering individual variables (age, gender, Bolsa Família, LGB, early sexual initiation and use of alcohol or drugs in the last sex). Cross-sectional study with multilevel analysis carried out in 2018 with adolescent students from Olinda, Brazil. The variable (multiple partners) was collected based on the ‘Youth Risk Behavior Survey’ questionnaire. School context variables were time in school (regular school vs. full/semi-full school) and the Social Vulnerability Index of the school district. Of 2,500 participants, 1,044 were analyzed for being sexually active and most had two or more partners (63.89%). Regular school students were more likely (OR 1.47, CI 1.10-1.97) to have multiple sexual partners compared to those in full-day schools/half-day schools. However, no association was found in relation to the SVI of the schools’ neighborhoods (OR 1.18, IC 0.82-1.70). More time spent at school was associated with fewer chances of multiple sexual partners, while studying in schools located in highly vulnerable neighborhoods was not associated with the occurrence of multiple sexual partners among adolescents.

Objetivou-se investigar se o contexto escolar de maior vulnerabilidade social e vitimização por bullying, cyberbullying e ameaça por armas está associado ao tabagismo em adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo transversal composto por 2.456 adolescentes das escolas estaduais de Olinda, Brasil. A coleta ocorreu entre fevereiro e junho de 2018, utilizando o questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey. O desfecho foi o tabagismo e a análise logística multinível considerou o índice de vulnerabilidade social do bairro e o percentual de vitimização por bullying e cyberbullying de cada escola, além de ameaça por armas e tempo na escola. O perfil socioeconômico e o consumo de álcool foram analisados no nível individual. A amostra foi de maioria feminina, entre 14 e 16 anos, e relatou não receber Bolsa Família. O contexto escolar de vitimização localizado em bairros socialmente mais vulneráveis apresentou maiores chances de tabagismo. No nível individual, adolescentes mais velhos e que bebiam em binge apresentaram chances mais elevadas de tabagismo.

Objetiva-se identificar quais fatores da desigualdade social estão associados à gravidez na adolescência. Como método, utilizou-se a revisão integrativa da literatura e a busca dos artigos foi realizada entre junho/2021 e abril/2022 nos bancos de dados Pubmed via Medline, Scopus e Embase. A amostra final totalizou 28 artigos e verificou-se que os fatores de proteção associados à gravidez na adolescência foram a renda familiar mais elevada e a maior escolaridade do adolescente e dos pais. Como fatores de risco, destacaram-se o consumo de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas, a atividade sexual precoce e o perfil socioeconômico e demográfico. Investimentos em setores como o da educação contribuiriam para a redução das taxas de gravidez precoce porque a escola estimula a criação de projetos de vida e incentiva comportamentos mais adequados. O conhecimento acerca dos fatores da desigualdade social que aumentam o risco da gravidez precoce podem auxiliar a formulação de políticas públicas que diminuam as desigualdades em saúde.

To evaluate the association between suicidal behaviors and binge drinking among Brazilian adolescents.A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,476 students 14 to 19 years of age from 26 public ...