ECEvan Constable

Evan Constable

*This is an algorithmically generated author record based on publicly available information.

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Evan Constable has a total of 161 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:


Latest Publications

  • Open Access

    Semi-crystalline and amorphous materials via multi-temperature 3D printing from one formulation

    by Michael Göschl, Dominik Laa, Thomas Koch, Evan Constable, Xin Liu, Andrei Pimenov, Jürgen Stampfl, Robert Liska, Katharina Ehrmann

    Multi-material 3D printing concerns the use of two or more 3D printable materials within a single printed part. The result is a composite that benefits from the combined properties of the individual 3D printed materials. Typically, a distinct differentiation between material properties can only be achieved using multiple feedstocks and advanced engineering solutions. In this work, we create multi-material 3D printed photopolymer parts from a single monomer mixture through simple adjustments in printing temperature and light intensity. We achieve this by employing a liquid crystalline (LC) monomer that forms a highly stable LC phase in conjunction with a trifunctional thiol crosslinker. A drastic change in mechanical and optical properties was achieved depending on the presence of an LC phase during polymerization. The proof of principle from bulk experiments could be translated fully into 3D printing, achieving pixel-to-pixel resolution of the material properties solely guided by changing the printing parameters temperature and light intensity. The versatility of produced multi-material composite parts is demonstrated in shape memory applications and methods for chemical data storage and encryption.


  • Open Access

    Two for one: Semi-crystalline and amorphous materials via multi-temperature 3D printing from one formulation

    by Michael Göschl, Dominik Laa, Thomas Koch, Evan Constable, Andrei Pimenov, Jürgen Stampfl, Robert Liska, Katharina Ehrmann

    Multi-material 3D printing concerns the use of two or more 3D printable materials within a single printed part. The result is a composite that benefits from the combined properties of the individual 3D printed materials. Typically, a distinct differentiation between material properties can only be achieved using multiple feedstocks and advanced engineering solutions. In this work, we create multi-material 3D printed photopolymer parts from a single monomer mixture through simple adjustments in printing temperature and light intensity. We achieve this by employing a liquid crystalline (LC) monomer that forms a highly stable LC phase in conjunction with a trifunctional thiol crosslinker. A drastic change in mechanical and optical properties was achieved depending on the presence of an LC phase during polymerization. The proof of principle from bulk experiments could be translated fully into 3D printing, achieving pixel-to-pixel resolution of the material properties solely guided by changing the printing parameters temperature and light intensity. The versatility of produced multi-material composite parts is demonstrated in shape memory applications and new methods for chemical data storage and encryption.

  • Open Access

    Semiconducting Heusler Compounds beyond the Slater-Pauling Rule

    by Michael Parzer, Fabian Garmroudi, Alexander Riss, Michele Reticcioli, Raimund Podloucky, Michael Stöger-Pollach, Evan Constable, Andrej Pustogow, Takao Mori, Ernst Bauer

    Heusler compounds with semiconducting properties represent an important class of functional materials. Usually, research on these systems is guided by simple electron-counting rules, such as the Slater-Pauling principle. Here, we report on the discovery of Heusler-type semiconductors, significantly deviating from the Slater-Pauling rule. We theoretically predict the occurrence of nonmagnetic semiconducting ground states in various highly off-stoichiometric full-Heusler alloys, where self-substitution leads to a band-gap opening. This unexpected trend is confirmed experimentally by thermoelectric transport measurements on a multitude of Fe2−2xV1−xAl1+3x samples with up to 20% substitution of Fe and V atoms. The band-gap opening leads to an exceptionally large Seebeck coefficient in p-type Fe2VAl thermoelectrics, previously limited by bipolar conduction and low-density-of-states effective mass. Consequently, our work presents a paradigm to tune the band gap of Heusler compounds by self-substitution and introduces a hitherto unexplored class of semiconductors with exceptional thermoelectric properties, offering significant potential for advancements in energy science and sustainable-energy technologies.


  • Effect of local distortions on magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of paramagnetic Pr3Ga5SiO14 langasite

    by A. Tikhanovskii, V. Yu. Ivanov, A. Kuzmenko, E. Constable, A. Pimenov, A. Mukhin

    Magnetic-field-induced electric polarization has been observed in trigonal noncentrosymmetric paramagnetic Pr3Ga5SiO14 langasite. We detected quadratic electric polarization along the a axis in the basal ab plane for various magnetic field orientations. Electric polarization along the c axis is only evident starting from the fourth power of magnetic field, in accordance with the trigonal symmetry. The magnetic properties of Pr3Ga5SiO14 primarily stem from the local anisotropic magnetic moment of the two lowest Pr3+ singlets (quasidoublet) in the crystal electric field. The random distribution of Ga/Si in the 2d positions leads to a local distortion of the C2 symmetry and to a distribution of the quasidoublet splitting. By considering the interactions of local moments among different Pr3+ positions within a phenomenological approach for the allowed magnetoelectric coupling, we derive the electric polarization in terms of symmetry-allowed combinations of local magnetic susceptibilities and field components. The magnetic field dependence of electric polarization in the basal plane, Pa,b*, is mainly determined by the accumulation of effective local susceptibilities, exhibiting similar behavior in low fields, while polarization along the c axis, Pc, arises from the nonequivalence of local effective magnetic susceptibilities in different Pr3+ positions. Our findings suggest that the temperature dependencies of magnetic and magnetoelectric susceptibilities are highly sensitive to the distribution of the quasidoublet splitting, which reflects the local symmetry breaking.


  • Resolving the local distortions of Ising-like moments in magnetoelectric Ho-doped langasite

    by A. Yu. Tikhanovskii, V. Yu. Ivanov, A. M. Kuzmenko, A. Stunault, O. Fabelo, E. Ressouche, V. Simonet, R. Ballou, I. A. Kibalin, A. Pimenov, et al.

    The magnetic properties of Ho-doped langasites (La:Ho)3Ga5SiO14 are dominated by the Ising-like magnetic moments of the Ho3+ ions. In their saturated regime, the induced magnetic state breaks both time and space inversion symmetries, leading to a linear magnetoelectric effect. However, due to distortions induced by a shared Ga/Si occupancy of the 2d sites, resolving the microscopic nature of the magnetic configuration remains a difficult task. Here, we combine polarized neutron diffraction and angular-dependent magnetization experiments to determine the local distortions of the Ho3+ magnetic moments in doped langasites (La1−xHox)3Ga5SiO14 with x≈0.015 and 0.045. We propose a model for a field-induced magnetic configuration with arbitrary orientations of the local Ising axis of Ho3+ in distorted positions. The operations of broken local C2 symmetry and rotations around the trigonal C3 axis connect different sites, restoring the global P321 symmetry of the crystal and simplifying the description of the magnetic properties. The superposition of two distorted Ho3+ positions connected by C2 symmetry determines the local magnetic susceptibility tensor, which no longer appears Ising-like at low fields.


  • Open Access

    Encoding terahertz holographic bits with a computer-generated 3D-printed phase plate

    by E. Constable, J. Gospodaric, A. Pimenov

    A sub-terahertz holographic image of a two-dimensional 576-bit data code is produced using a diffractive phase-plate element. The phase plate was designed using a modified Gerchberg-Saxton iterative algorithm to encode a focused image of the data code into a phase modulation profile. The complex phase plate structure is fabricated from polylactic acid using fused deposition modeling, a common three-dimensional-printing technique. The design achieves a significantly simplified optical setup, consisting of a 0.14 THz diverging source, the holographic phase plate and a scanning detector, without the need for additional optical elements. The information stored in the data code is an example of a cryptographic private key. Specifically, the private key for a Bitcoin wallet address. Successful retrieval of the encoded information demonstrates a potential use case for terahertz holographic memory, using a storage medium that can be fabricated with consumer-level three-dimensional-printing techniques.


  • Open Access

    Terahertz holographic data storage with a 3D printed phase plate

    by Evan Constable, Jan Gospodaric, Andrei Pimenov

    A sub-terahertz holographic image of a two-dimensional 576-bit data code is produced using a diffractive phase-plate element. The phase plate was designed using a modified Gerchberg-Saxton iterative algorithm to encode a focused image of the data code into a phase modulation profile. The complex phase plate structure is fabricated from polylactic acid using fused deposition modeling, a common three-dimensional-printing technique. The design allows for a significantly simplified optical setup, consisting of a 0.14 THz diverging source, the holographic phase plate and a scanning detector, in co-linear alignment. The information stored in the data code is an example of a cryptography private key. Specifically, the private key for a Bitcoin wallet address. Convincing detection of the encoded information demonstrates a practical use case for terahertz holographic data storage, using a storage medium that can be fabricated with consumer-level three-dimensional-printing techniques.

  • Vibronic collapse of ordered quadrupolar ice in the pyrochlore magnet Tb2+xTi2−xO7+y

    by Y. Alexanian, J. Robert, V. Simonet, B. Langérôme, J.-B. Brubach, P. Roy, C. Decorse, E. Lhotel, E. Constable, R. Ballou, et al.

    While the spin-liquid state in the frustrated pyrochlore Tb2+xTi2−xO7+y has been studied both experimentally and theoretically for more than two decades, a definite description of this unconventional state still needs to be achieved. Using synchrotron-based THz spectroscopy in combination with quantum numerical simulations, we highlight a significant link between two features: the existence of a quadrupolar order following an ice rule and the presence of strong magnetoelastic coupling in the form of hybridized Tb3+ crystal-field and phonon modes. The magnitude of this so-called vibronic process, which involves quadrupolar degrees of freedom, is significantly dependent on small off-stoichiometry x and favors all-in–all-out-like correlations between quadrupoles. This mechanism competes with the long-range ordered quadrupolar ice, and for slightly different stoichiometry, is able to destabilize it.


  • Open Access

    Spectroscopic signature of sublattice polarization in the lattice dynamics of an antiferroelectric crystal

    by E. Constable, L. Bergen, A. Shuvaev, J. Wettstein, L. Weymann, E. Malysheva, A. Pimenov, M. Guennou

    Spectroscopic measurements of the far-infrared phonon dynamics for a model antiferroelectric crystal are performed at low temperature. In agreement with the phenomenological expectations for a displacive antiferroelectric transition, a polar soft mode associated to a close-lying polar phase of the otherwise centrosymmetric structure is observed. Incomplete softening of the polar soft mode due to the antiferroelectric transition quantifies the energy barrier between the neighboring states. The dynamics are modeled with a biquadratic Landau potential incorporating a symmetry constraining effective interaction between displaced ions. A signature of sublattice polarization is observed in a scaling of the effective antipolar interaction in the antiferroelectric phase.

  • Open Access

    Lattice contributions to the anisotropic dielectric response of rare-earth langasites

    by L. Bergen, L. Weymann, J. Wettstein, A. M. Kuzmenko, A. A. Mukhin, B. V. Mill, A. Pimenov, E. Constable

    We investigate the phonon spectrum of pure and rare-earth substituted langasites. For electric fields oriented along the c axis, a strong low-frequency phonon is observed, softening at lower temperature in all samples studied. The dielectric contribution and temperature dependence of this mode is the primary source of the large [ɛ(0)∼100] static dielectric permittivity observed in these systems. Softening of this mode with increasing mass of the rare-earth substitutes further suggests that langasites are close to a structural instability at low temperatures. The application of a magnetic field to a diluted Ho-langasite sample reveals a shift in the strong absorption band at THz frequencies associated with this soft lattice mode, suggesting spin-lattice effects may also be at play in these systems.