Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi

This study aimed to learn managers' points of view on maternity leave and breastfeeding and find promotion, protection, and support strategies for breastfeeding in the work environment. This qualitative study, using Laurence Bardin's content analysis, was conducted with eight managers in 2023 in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We used a semi-structured script with questions about how managers organized women workers' activities before they took their maternity leaves and after their return to work and questions about managers' points of view about breastfeeding and maternity leave. Answers were analyzed using NVivo. We established three big topics from the content of the interviews, namely: (1) managers' point of view regarding the duration of maternity leave and breastfeeding; (2) rights, incentives, and work conditions; and (3) the organization of the work environment during maternity leave. We verified compliance with the 4-month maternity leave provided for in the Brazilian Consolidation of Labor Laws, highlighting the disagreement of leave duration and the health recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding of up to six months. We also found that managers' lack of awareness about government programs encourage companies to support breastfeeding by tax reduction benefits and extended maternity leaves. Managers' point of view and personal experiences permeate knowledge about laws protecting female workers. The pro-breastfeeding strategy only involved complying with the maternity leave duration provided by law, which indicates the need for greater investments in awareness-raising actions for managers regarding the review of the concept of maternal protection.

We aimed to analyze lifestyle trends of Brazilian pregnant women from 2007 to 2017 and their association with sociodemographic factors. This was time-series study using data from Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). Lifestyle indicators were: regular consumption (≥ 5x/week) of beans, vegetables, chicken, meat, fruit, milk, and soft drinks, alcohol and tobacco uses, and practice of physical activity (PA). Variance-weighted linear regression was used to obtain average annual variation (percentage points-pp) of indicators, and Poisson regression was used to verify the association of sociodemographic factors and indicators. There was an increase in chicken consumption (+0.74pp/year), practice of PA (+1.36pp/year); reduction in consumption of soft drinks (-1.64pp/year) and tobacco (-0.26pp/year). Pregnant women aged > 20 years had a higher prevalence of raw vegetables and milk and a lower of meat and soft drinks. Pregnant women with ≥ 9 years of schooling had a higher prevalence of consumption of vegetable, fruit, PA practice and a lower prevalence of meat, chicken, soft drinks and tobacco use.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar, no âmbito da atenção primária, ações de promoção e de proteção ao aleitamento materno, o conhecimento e o cumprimento da Lei n° 11.265/2006 e o uso do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional pelos profissionais da saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostra probabilística de coordenadores e de profissionais da saúde. Dois questionários foram elaborados para coleta de dados sobre formação profissional: conhecimento e cumprimento da Lei nº 11.265/2006; e conhecimento e utilização do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. Os dados foram expressos em frequência relativa e utilizou-se teste qui-quadrado para compará-los segundo modelo de atenção e formação profissional. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 215 profissionais da saúde; apenas 12,4% profissionais afirmaram conhecer a Lei nº 11.265/2006, e 30,4% profissionais descreveram seus objetivos. Realização de grupos de gestantes foi a principal ação de promoção do aleitamento materno (82,3%), e a maioria dos profissionais (76,0%) realizava o seu manejo, focando na pega e na posição. Todos os coordenadores e 77,7% dos profissionais afirmaram conhecer o Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, enquanto 86,2% dos coordenadores e 45,7% dos profissionais sabiam descrever seu objetivo; somente 27,6% dos coordenadores utilizavam seus dados para elaborarem ações na unidade. Conclusão: A maioria dos profissionais desconhece a principal lei de proteção ao aleitamento materno. Grupos de gestantes constituem a principal ação de promoção ao aleitamento materno. Apesar do conhecimento sobre o Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, seu uso para o embasamento de ações é insuficiente.

Objective: To analyze, within the scope of primary health care, actions for the promotion and protection of breastfeeding, the knowledge and compliance with Law No. 11,265/2006, and the use of the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, SISVAN) by health professionals. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a probability sample of coordinators and health professionals. Two questionnaires were developed to collect data on professional training: knowledge and compliance with Law No. 11,265/2006; and knowledge and use of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. Data were expressed as relative frequency, and the chi-square test was used to compare them according to the model of care and professional training. Results: A total of 215 health professionals participated in the study, with only 12.4% reporting knowledge of Law No. 11,265/2006, and 30.4% describing its objectives. Conducting groups of pregnant women was the main action for promoting breastfeeding (82.3%), and most professionals (76.0%) managed it, focusing on latch and positioning. All coordinators and 77.7% of the professionals reported knowledge of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, while 86.2% of the coordinators and 45.7% of the professionals were able to describe its objective; only 27.6% of the coordinators used its data to develop actions in their unit. Conclusion: The majority of professionals are unaware of the main law protecting breastfeeding. Groups of pregnant women constitute the main action for promoting breastfeeding. Despite knowledge of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, its use as a basis for actions is insufficient.