YLYixuan Li

Yixuan Li

*This is an algorithmically generated author record based on publicly available information.

Current Organizations / Institutes

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Previous Organizations / Institutes

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Yixuan Li has a total of 20 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:


Latest Publications

  • The physics of black-hole microstates : what is the fate of the horizon?

    by Yixuan Li

    La physique des micro-états de trous noirs : quelle destinée pour l’horizon ?: Les trous noirs sont des objets astrophysiques qui se forment par l'effondrement gravitationnel d'étoiles supermassives. Elles peuvent être décrites par des solutions de la Relativité Générale : l'horizon indique l'endroit à partir duquel rien ne peut échapper. Les considérations de la mécanique statistique montrent que le trou noir a une entropie proportionnelle à l'aire de son horizon. Cependant, la Relativité Générale n'a pas assez de degrés de liberté pour décrire les micro-états qui représentent l'entropie du trou noir. La théorie des cordes, quant à elle, fournit une description des microstates en tant qu'états liés de branes à faible couplage de cordes (et gravitationnel). À fort couplage gravitationnel, l'hypothèse des Fuzzballs s'attend à ce qu'individuellement, les micro-états de trou noir diffèrent de la solution de trou noir à l'échelle de l'horizon. Cette hypothèse introduit un changement de paradigme : puisque l'on ne devrait plus se fier à notre intuition issue de la relativité générale, les micro-états de trous noirs pourraient ne pas avoir d'horizon. Motivée par la construction en Supergravité de solutions similaires aux trous noirs et sans horizon — les géométries de micro-états —, l'hypothèse de Fuzzball a également l'avantage de résoudre, presque par définition, le paradoxe de l'information de trou noir et le problème de la singularité de trou noir. Cette thèse vise à étudier plusieurs aspects de l'hypothèse des Fuzzballs et des géométries de micro-états. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous présenterons l'hypothèse de Fuzzball et certains de ses principaux défis. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudierons la notion de distance sur l'espace des solutions d'une classe de géométries de micro-états — les bubbling solutions. Nous montrerons que la limite d'échelle — la limite dans l'espace des modules à laquelle les bubbling solutions ressemblent de plus en plus au trou noir, du point de vue d'un observateur asymptotique — se situe à distance finie ou infinie selon différentes notions de distance utilisées dans la littérature. Nous commenterons ensuite les conséquences physiques de cette inadéquation. Dans la troisième partie de la thèse, nous analyserons une famille de trous noirs extrêmes non-supersymétriques et leurs géométries de micro-états sans horizons en quatre dimensions, qui fournissent des prototypes intéressants pour étudier les écarts par rapport aux solutions de Kerr causés par la physique nouvelle à l'échelle de l'horizon. Dans cette partie, nous calculerons la structure gravitationnelle multipolaire de ces solutions et les comparons aux trous noirs de Kerr. Dans la quatrième partie de la thèse, nous calculerons les effets de marée sur une corde qui suit une géodésique nulle tombant dans une famille de géométries de micro-états de trou noir — les superstata. Nous montrerons qu'une corde suivant l'une de ces géodésies ressent des contraintes de marée le long de toutes les directions spatiales, y compris les directions toroïdales internes, et commenterons l'interprétation dans la CFT duale. Nous expliquerons également certaines propriétés physiques du comportement des contraintes de marée le long de la trajectoire. Dans la cinquième et dernière partie de la thèse, nous construirons des solutions avec une aire d'horizon nulle, ayant les mêmes charges qu'un trou noir à trois charges F1-NS5-P en Type-IIA et préservant la symétrie sphérique du trou noir. Nous soutiendrons l'hypothèse que ces solutions devraient être interprétées comme une limite de superstrata. L'existence de ces géométries indique qu'un horizon de taille non-nulle n'apparaît pas même dans les bords singuliers de l'espace des modules des géométries des micro-états à trois charges.

  • Open Access

    KKLT compactifications ex nihilo

    by Iosif Bena, Yixuan Li, Severin Lüst

    Flux compactifications that give three- or four-dimensional anti–de Sitter vacua with a parametrically small negative cosmological constant are claimed to be ubiquitous in string theory. However, the 1 + 1 and 2 + 1 dimensional conformal-field-theory (CFT) duals to such vacua should have very large central charges and rather unusual properties. We construct brane configurations that source these would-be anti-de Sitter (AdS) flux compactifications, and identify certain UV AdS geometries that these branes source. The central charge of the CFT duals to these UV AdS geometries place lower bounds on the absolute values of the cosmological constants of the AdS vacua. These bounds are incompatible with the scale separation needed to construct realistic cosmological models.


  • Open Access

    The local supersymmetries of a stack of branes

    by Raphaël Dulac, Yixuan Li

    A bstract: Local supersymmetries have been a guiding principle to construct smooth horizonless supergravity solutions. By computing brane densities from the brane low-energy effective action, we classify the BPS solutions that have the maximal local supersymmetry structure, with sixteen supersymmetries. We find that whenever the gauge group is broken to its maximal abelian subgroup, the brane construction becomes purely geometric and one can identify the preserved local supercharges. This class of solution includes two- and three-charge monopoles, and polarised branes. On the contrary, we show that instantons involve pure non-abelian degrees of freedom that cannot have a geometric interpretation. Hence, we conjecture that such instantons cannot be fully captured by supergravity.


  • Open Access

    Classical black hole probes of UV scales

    by José Calderón-Infante, Matilda Delgado, Yixuan Li, Dieter Lüst, Angel Uranga

    In the context of the Swampland program, black hole attractors have been employed to probe infinite distances in moduli space, where the EFT cutoff goes to zero in Planck units and UV effects become significant. In this paper, we take the perspective of the two-derivative action of string theoretic effective field theories and explore various families of extremal black hole solutions that probe infinite distance limits at their horizons. While these solutions do not include higher-order corrections in the EFT expansion, we find that, in many cases, the smallest BPS black holes in these families remarkably reproduce either the species scale or some other Kaluza-Klein scale. In highly supersymmetric cases, this match with UV scales even persists in the interior of moduli space. We explore the use of the species length bound on classical black hole sizes as a criterion to rule out inconsistent EFTs, using a 9d bottom-up model arising from an ad hoc truncation of maximal supergravity. These observations suggests that the two-derivative action may encode information about relevant UV scales. We discuss the interplay of these results with emergence and UV/IR mixing in quantum gravity.


  • Open Access

    The 1/4-BPS building blocks of brane interactions

    by Ben Eckardt, Yixuan Li

    We study, from the perspective of supersymmetry and space-time Killing spinors, the local brane densities involved in 1/4-BPS intersecting brane systems. In particular, we classify the possible local brane structures that have maximal (16) supersymmetries in 1/4-BPS intersecting brane backgrounds. Applied to BPS black holes, this classification reveals the allowed local microstructure for pure microstates. We further use these structures with local 16 supersymmetries as building blocks to generalise to 1/8-BPS systems. Moreover, we give examples of 1/8-BPS black holes for which the local supersymmetries are compatible with the combination of different entropy-generating effects from brane interaction. Finally, applying our classification to BPS domain walls, we illustrate how our formalism may possibly describe the local picture of the Hanany-Witten effect.


  • Open Access

    Local supersymmetries and three-charge black holes

    by Yixuan Li

    Local supersymmetry enhancement (LSE) is a formalism intended to identify information needed to describe microstates of supersymmetric black holes that are realised as brane systems. After illustrating the relationship between LSE and black-hole microstates with the F1-P system, we review two possible strategies to apply the LSE mechanism to get microstates of three-charge black holes. While the former leads to microstates that break the spherical symmetry of the horizon, microstates built from the latter preserve it, and are numerous enough to account for (at least) a finite fraction of the M2-M5-P black-hole entropy.


  • Open Access

    Towards AdS distances in string theory

    by Yixuan Li, Eran Palti, Nicolò Petri

    The AdS Distance Conjecture proposes to assign a notion of distance between AdS vacua in quantum gravity. We perform some initial developments of this idea. We first propose more sharply how to define a metric on conformal variations of AdS through the action. This metric is negative, making the distance ill-defined, a property relating to the famous conformal factor problem of quantum gravity. However, in string theory, variations of the AdS conformal factor are accompanied by variations of the internal dimensions and of the background flux. We propose an action metric, which accounts for all of these variations simultaneously. Accounting for the variations of the overall volume of the internal dimensions can flip the sign of the action metric making it positive. This positivity is related to the absence of scale separation between the internal and external dimensions: the negative external conformal contribution must be sub-dominant to the positive internal contribution. We then focus specifically on the families of solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity on AdS4 × S7 and AdS7 × S4. For these, there is only a single further additional contribution to the action metric coming from variations of the Freund-Rubin flux. This contribution is subtle to implement, and the unique prescription we find requires singling out the radial direction of AdS as special. Adding the flux contribution yields an overall total action metric which becomes positive for both the AdS4 and AdS7 families of solutions. The final result is therefore a procedure which yields a well-defined distance for these families of solutions.


  • Open Access

    Towards AdS Distances in String Theory

    by Yixuan Li, Eran Palti, Nicolò Petri

    The AdS Distance Conjecture proposes to assign a notion of distance between AdS vacua in quantum gravity. We perform some initial developments of this idea. We first propose more sharply how to define a metric on conformal variations of AdS through the action. This metric is negative, making the distance ill-defined, a property relating to the famous conformal factor problem of quantum gravity. However, in string theory, variations of the AdS conformal factor are accompanied by variations of the internal dimensions and of the background flux. We propose an $\textit{action metric}$, which accounts for all of these variations simultaneously. Accounting for the variations of the overall volume of the internal dimensions can flip the sign of the action metric making it positive. This positivity is related to the absence of scale separation between the internal and external dimensions: the negative external conformal contribution must be sub-dominant to the positive internal contribution. We then focus specifically on the families of solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity on AdS$_4 \times S^7$ and AdS$_7 \times S^4$. For these, there is only a single further additional contribution to the action metric coming from variations of the Freund-Rubin flux. This contribution is subtle to implement, and the unique prescription we find requires singling out the radial direction of AdS as special. Adding the flux contribution yields an overall total action metric which becomes positive for both the AdS$_4$ and AdS$_7$ families of solutions. The final result is therefore a procedure which yields a well-defined distance for these families of solutions.

  • Open Access

    Local supersymmetries and three-charge black holes

    by Yixuan Li

    Local supersymmetry enhancement (LSE) is a formalism intended to identify information needed to describe microstates of supersymmetric black holes that are realised as brane systems. After illustrating the relationship between LSE and black-hole microstates with the F1-P system, we review two possible strategies to apply the LSE mechanism to get microstates of three-charge black holes. While the former leads to microstates that break the spherical symmetry of the horizon, microstates built from the latter preserve it, and are numerous enough to account for (at least) a finite fraction of the M2-M5-P black-hole entropy.

  • Open Access

    The (amazing) super-maze

    by Iosif Bena, Shaun D. Hampton, Anthony Houppe, Yixuan Li, Dimitrios Toulikas

    The entropy of the three-charge NS5-F1-P black hole in Type IIA string theory comes from the breaking of N1 F1 strings into N1N5 little strings, which become independent momentum carriers. In M theory, the little strings correspond to strips of M2 brane that connect pairs of parallel M5 branes separated along the M-theory direction. We show that if one takes into account the backreaction of the M-theory little strings on the M5 branes one obtains a maze-like structure, to which one can add momentum waves. We also show that adding momentum waves to the little strings gives rise to a momentum-carrying brane configuration — a super-maze — which locally preserves 16 supercharges. We therefore expect the backreaction of the super-maze to give rise to a new class of horizonless black-hole microstate solutions, which preserve the rotational symmetry of the black-hole horizon and carry $$ \sqrt{5/6} $$ 5 / 6 of its entropy.