Hernande Pereira da Silva

A região semiárida possui uma economia diversificada no setor agropecuário, no entanto, a seca gera grande prejuízo a atividade agrícola. Assim, a palma forrageira, surge como uma alternativa para o suprimento da alimentação do gado leiteiro. Com essa pesquisa, determinou-se a assinatura espectral da palma forrageira em diferentes idades de cultivos, através do sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento, utilizando imagens de satélite. A análise multivariada mostrou que nos anos com precipitação acima da média está em oposição ao agrupamento que contém os menores valores das reflectâncias (nas bandas do visível e do infravermelho próximo), que indicam os períodos de maior cobertura da superfície do solo pela palma forrageira em relação a vegetação nativa. Contudo, foi possível o monitoramento da palma forrageira com diferentes graus de desenvolvimento, subsidiando as tomadas de decisão, no que concerne o manejo das áreas cultivadas com palma para aumento de produção leiteira no semiárido.

Objective: Analyze the polluting potential of effluents from baking industries, from the Political Administrative Region VI (RPA6) of the city of Recife, Pernambuco. Literature Review: Information is presented on the diagnosis of basic sanitation in Brazil, the sanitation framework and the objectives of sustainable development, and the contextualization of the bakery industry and the generation of effluents. Method: A bibliographical survey was carried out, in addition to the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and the effluent generation capacity was estimated, based on the theoretical volume of effluents calculated from the average monthly water consumption. Monthly collections of pre- and post-treatment effluents in ETE with anaerobic filter, for a period of 150 days. The parameters temperature, pH, turbidity, oils and greases, BOD, COD, E. coli, settleable solids and DO were evaluated. The parameters Total Ammonia Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Surfactant Removal (LAS) were also evaluated pre and post-treatment for a period of 90 days. Results and Discussion: The studied treatment plant is efficient in reducing organic load, in addition to oils and greases, reducing negative environmental impacts arising from these parameters. However, it is recommended to include a tertiary treatment stage to seek to improve Nitrogen and Phosphorus indicators. Research Implications: Emphasize the need to separate industrial effluents from sanitary effluents, and for bakeries to implement a treatment system. Originality/Value: Show the importance of taking into account that this type of enterprise generates a high volume of effluents, and treatment is important to mitigate impacts and improve the quality of the environment for society.

Objective: The objective is to develop a Geographic Information System for Monitoring (SIGFIS) for the oversight of water resource use in the State of Pernambuco, aiming to improve the efficiency of monitoring operations and water sustainability. Literature Review: The study is based on theories and applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in water resource management. Method: The methodology includes an applied and descriptive study, with data collection from sources such as APAC, IBGE, and CPRM. Documental research methods and field surveys were used, along with geoprocessing. The data were standardized and integrated into a geographic database, with the creation of thematic maps and spatial analyses. Results and Discussion: The results include an improvement in the real-time monitoring capacity of water resources, allowing for a faster response to irregularities and optimization of monitoring resources. Research Implications: Practical implications include improving the efficiency of monitoring operations and APAC's response capacity, while theoretical implications reinforce the importance of GIS in water resource management. It is expected that SIGFIS will contribute to the formulation of more robust and scientifically-based public policies. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by developing a specific GIS for the monitoring of water resources in Pernambuco, demonstrating the relevance of GIS technology in promoting water sustainability and improving environmental governance.

The creation of the Guadeloupe EPA aimed to protect natural ecosystems and promote sustainable development in atlantic forest fragments existing in Pernambuco, Brazil. However, even with the State Decree formalizing these objectives, the ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest Biome present at the site suffered serious data by anthropic actions. For the study of these ecosystems, spectral analysis was an excellent channel of connection between geotechnologies and phytogeography of the site, allowing to study the location and type of vegetation in the extension of the Conservation Unit. From this perspective, the present research aimed to differentiate the atlantic forest ecosystems through spectral analysis. The results of spectral analysis allowed to indicate that in the identification of the Dense Ombrófila Forest the best specific combination is Atmospheric Penetration (PA) in its Pixel (PI) α. Mangrove in turn can be better identified in Infrared Vegetation (IVV) - Ranging from 150 to 220 Ash Levels (NC) - in pi α and also in PI β and PI γ varying in values very close to 50NC. Regarding restinga it is estimated that it can be accurately identified in Agriculture (AG), especially in pi γ, and also in Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), in all its Pixels.

É complexa a tarefa de definir medidas de adaptação às mudanças climáticas diante da existência de demandas sociais, ambientais e econômicas, sobretudo em cidades que apresentam infraestrutura urbana deficiente. Como resultado da análise do processo de revisão do Plano Diretor do Recife (PDDR), vê-se que a redução das vulnerabilidades socioambientais implica a realização de estudos mais consistentes, que possam acarretar a implementação de medidas estruturadoras, e que a sustentabilidade ambiental demanda uma governança multinível, com reformas políticas em escala global, regional e local, de difícil aplicação no curto prazo, mas necessárias para reorientar as políticas do clima e superar a inabilidade de prover os recursos para uma infraestrutura adequada à adaptação. O caminho para construir uma cidade resiliente, que proporcione um ambiente mais seguro para as futuras gerações, depende de um modelo de desenvolvimento inclusivo, que permita melhorar as condições urbanas para a população e minimizar os impactos ocasionados pelos eventos climáticos extremos.

Defining measures for climate change adaptation is a complex task given the existence of social, environmental, and economic demands, particularly in cities with poor urban infrastructure. As a result of analyzing the revision process of the Recife Master Plan, it is possible to observe that a reduction in the social and environmental vulnerabilities has implied carrying out more consistent studies, which may entail the implementation of structuring measures, and that environmental sustainability requires multilevel governance, with policy reforms on a global, regional and local scale, difficult to implement in the short term, although necessary for refocusing climate policies and for overcoming the inability to provide resources for a tailored adaptation infrastructure. The path to building a resilient city that provides a safer environment for the future depends on an inclusive development model, which enables the population to improve urban conditions and minimize the impacts brought about by extreme weather events.

A atividade agropecuária é a principal setor usuário dos recursos hídricos no Brasil. No município de Ibimirim, Sertão de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil, a agricultura irrigada foi impulsionada com a implantação de açude e sistema de irrigação pelo Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas, constituindo o Perímetro Irrigado do Moxotó. Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar o processo de gestão das águas para atividades agrícolas e identificar espaço-temporalmente alterações nas classes de uso e cobertura do solo, utilizando o NDWI e o NDVI. Para detalhamento descritivo e exploratório e pontual, foram realizadas observações diretas e registro fotográfico a partir de campanhas de campo. Foram analisados os dados de solo e precipitação pluviométrica, agregando imagens de cobertura vegetal e alocação de água do reservatório por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Registros históricos do uso da água do açude demonstram que os solos próximos possuem elevado potencial para irrigação, porém devido à falta de manejo adequada do perímetro irrigado de Ibimirim, registros de áreas salinizadas foram constatadas, principalmente em sistemas em que a irrigação é realizada pelo método de superfície. Além do mais, existe o uso exagerado da água do açude, que vem concentrando cada vez mais sal, como redução real do seu volume, principalmente nos anos de 1995, 2003 e 2019. Estes fatores são intensificados pela ausência de reformas no açude, falta de agregação de novas tecnologias, baixo nível de manutenção técnica dos equipamentos, diminuindo a eficiência operacional, assim como ausência de política de capacitação dos técnicos que realizam assistência aos produtores. Todos estes fatores necessitam de correção para que esta região possa adotar um modelo sustentável de produção.

The damage of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is reaching unprecedented scales. There are numerous classical epidemiology models trying to quantify epidemiology metrics. Usually, to forecast epidemics, classical approaches need parameter estimations, such as the contagion rate or the basic reproduction number. Here, we propose a data-driven, parameter-free, geometric approach to access the emergence of a pandemic state by studying the Forman-Ricci and Ollivier-Ricci network curvatures. Discrete Ollivier-Ricci curvature has been used successfully to forecast risk in financial networks and we suggest that those results can provide analogous results for COVID-19 epidemic time-series. We first compute both curvatures in a toy-model of epidemic time-series with delays, which allows us to create epidemic networks. By doing so, we are able to verify that the Ollivier-Ricci and Forman-Ricci curvatures can be a parameter-free estimate for identifying a pandemic state in the simulated epidemic. On this basis, we then compute both Forman-Ricci and Ollivier-Ricci curvatures for real epidemic networks built from COVID-19 epidemic time-series available at the World Health Organization (WHO). Both curvatures allow us to detect early warning signs of the emergence of the pandemic. The advantage of our method lies in providing an early geometrical data marker for the pandemic state, regardless of parameter estimation and stochastic modelling. This work opens the possibility of using discrete geometry to study epidemic networks.

Qualis indexed Engineering Journal and Science Journal to publish paper with DOI, NAAS Rating and journal has global recognized indexing