Adel Mohamed Aboregela

Background: The celiac artery, as the first main anterior branch of the abdominal aorta, plays a pivotal role in supplying arterial blood to vital upper abdominal organs. Traditionally described as trifurcating into the splenic, left gastric, and common hepatic arteries, this textbook configuration is not consistently observed in clinical or cadaveric studies. Increasing access to high-resolution imaging and careful anatomical dissections has highlighted the diversity in celiac artery branching patterns. These variations, while often asymptomatic, carry significant implications for surgical, radiologic, and interventional procedures. Methods: This scoping review aims to provide a detailed, structured exploration of variations in celiac artery anatomy, with emphasis on prevalence across populations, recognized classification systems, embryological development, and associated vascular anomalies. The article also aims to connect theoretical knowledge with applied anatomical relevance, especially for clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons. Special attention is given to the radiological identification of these variants and the importance of recognizing them during surgical planning. Results: Understanding variations in the celiac artery is essential for anatomy researchers and clinicians alike. These deviations from the classic branching pattern are not merely academic curiosities but also have real-world consequences, particularly in hepatobiliary surgery, organ transplantation, and interventional radiology. By integrating embryological insights, validated prevalence data, and current classification frameworks, this review reinforces the anatomical complexity of the upper abdominal vasculature. Conclusion: Knowledge of these patterns supports safer surgical approaches, enhances diagnostic accuracy, and underscores the necessity of thorough anatomical education in medical training.

The wide variability of sphenoid sinus morphology and pneumatization attracted the attention of anatomists to identify and formulate updated descriptions and classifications. These assessments are essential in preventing the complications associated with the transsphenoidal surgery. Skull Computed Tomography images of a 30-year-old Saudi healthy female with a rare accidentally found anatomical variant of sphenoid sinus pneumatization were analyzed and morphometrically assessed. The sphenoid sinus was considered as combined presellar, sellar and postsellar types with pneumatization extensions in the anterior clinoid processes, pterygoid processes, greater wings and lesser wings of sphenoid. The maximum dimensions (width, length, and height) of the sinus were 6.88, 3.09, and 3.19 cm respectively with an average volume of the whole sphenoid sinus of 29.854 cm3. A detailed case-wise preoperative radiological evaluation as well as more screening studies are required to identify such rare cases.

Fluoxetine (FUX) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly used as a first-line treatment for depression. However, there are concerns about its potential hepatotoxicity. On the other hand, nanocurcumin (N-CUR) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties, showing promise in various disorders treatment. This study aims to investigate the potential protective role of N-CUR against FUX-induced hepatotoxicity. Four groups of healthy adult male Wistar albino rats, each consisting of 12 rats, were used. The control group received a vehicle, while the other groups were administered N- CUR (100 mg/kg/day), FUX (10 mg/kg/day), or a combination of both treatments via gavage for 8 weeks. Liver biopsies from all rats were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, mRNA gene expression, and oxidative stress assessments. FUX Exposure induced hepatic vascular abnormalities, inflammation, bile duct proliferation, cholangitis, steatosis, fibrosis, glycogen depletion, Kupffer cells hyperplasia, mast cells, and stellate cell proliferation. In addition, FUX downregulated mRNA gene expressions of PPAR-γ but boosted Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, FUX increased iNOS protein expression and dysregulated oxidative/antioxidant balance. On the other hand, N-CUR supplementation mitigated partially or completely the FUX-induced histological alterations, upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, PPAR-γ immunohistochemical and mRNA gene expressions, ameliorated oxidative stress, decreased inflammation and apoptosis. The present study’s findings confirm the protective role of N-CUR against FUX-induced hepatotoxicity and indicate its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the molecular pathway involved in the protective role of N-CUR in FUX- induced hepatotoxicity.

Background: To restore the structural and functional architecture of the wrist joint, radiographic evaluation is essential. Diversities based on age, race, and gender were noted. The objective of this study was to assess a few wrist radiography characteristics and establish correlations between them and the sociodemographic traits.Methods: During the years 2021–2022, 238 posteroanterior plain x-ray wrist pictures were gathered and evaluated from the radiology departments of Zagazig University hospitals in Egypt. The following parameters were estimated: ulnar variance, radial height, radial inclination, scaphoid length, lunate length, scapholunate distance, capitate length, carpal height, third metacarpal length, revised carpal height ratio, and scaphoid-capitate ratio. The t-test, ANOVA, Kendall's tau_b correlation, and linear regression were used to conduct the comparisons.Results: Radial height, inclination, and ulnar variation all showed significant gender differences (p=0.004, 0.013, and 0.002, respectively). The carpal height and carpal height ratio, together with the radial cord, scaphoid, lunate, capitate, and third metacarpal lengths, all demonstrated significant results (p < 0.001). The right side had a greater radial cord, height, and radial inclination than the left; nevertheless, the left side had a substantially longer lunate (P=0.0168, <0.001, 0.049, and <0.001, respectively). Age differences revealed varying levels of significance in the following areas: carpal height, carpal height ratio, ulnar variance, scapholunate space, capitate height, scapho-capitate ratio, and radial cord (p=0.044, 0.011, 0.039, 0.026, 0.048, 0.002 and 0.017, respectively).Conclusion: When treating wrist problems, variations in wrist characteristics should be given careful consideration. To suggest algorithms that could improve the results of wrist diseases in Egyptians, more research is required.

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are tumors originating in the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. They are the most common type of pituitary tumor, affecting approximately 1 in 10 people over their lifetime. Common symptoms include headaches, vision problems, hormonal imbalances, and weight changes. Treatment options depend on the type and size of the adenoma and may consist of medication, surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination. PAs are typically benign and slow-growing, but they can cause significant health issues if left untreated. Proper diagnosis and management by an experienced multidisciplinary team is important for achieving the best outcomes. Natural compounds like celastrol, curcumin, quercetin, apigenin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and genistein have shown the ability to inhibit cell growth, promote cell death, and suppress hormone activity in pituitary tumor cells, suggesting their potential as alternative or complementary treatments for PAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of tiny RNA molecules that do not code for proteins and have a vital function in controlling gene expression. These 21–23 nucleotide-long molecules regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in mRNA molecules, leading to mRNA degradation. miRNAs participate in a wide range of biological activities, including apoptosis, metastasis, differentiation, and proliferation. The research indicates that miRNAs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, therapeutic approaches, diagnosis, and prognosis of PAs. This review article will provide a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding of the efficacy of naturally derived anti-cancer agents in the treatment of PAs. Furthermore, the study provides a comprehensive assessment of the miRNAs in PAs, their role in the development of PAs, and their potential application in the treatment of the condition.

Understanding how individuals learn best, known as learning style, is integral to optimizing educational outcomes. This analytical study was conducted