Ashutosh Anand

Wildlife conservation is dependent on sophisticated object detection models to identify and track species with precision. In this research, three deep learning models YOLOv5s, YOLOv8n, and YOLOv11-are evaluated and compared in detecting threatened animals such as cheetahs, jaguars, lions, tigers, and leopards. The performance of the models was measured using accuracy, precision, recall, and mean average precision (mAP50). Results show that YOLOv11 performs best in terms of accuracy and precision, while YOLOv8n shows better localization. This analysis gives insight into choosing the best-performing model for real-time wildlife tracking, supporting conservation and reducing threats to biodiversity.

The significant advancement in the field of energy-harvesting techniques in the last decades makes it a possible alternative to provide a continuous power supply for low-power electronic devices exclusively for implanted biomedical devices. This makes it a most promising and widespread research topic. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the different methods of improving the performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PZEH). This includes the different key aspects, such as the basic fundamentals of the piezoelectric mechanism and performance-enhancing techniques, such as structural modification, broadband techniques, and the application of PZEH in the field of biomedical devices.

The goal of this study was to determine the coefficient of permeability as well as the rate of carbonation of concrete constructed with rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement for cement (i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15%) and two different concentrations of soap solutions (i.e., 1 percent and 2 percent). The microstructural studies of RHA, and carbonated samples have been conducted by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. According to this study, the carbonation depth of concrete made with 1% and 2% soap solution concentration and without rice husk ash decreased by 11.89% and 46.55%, respectively. From the results, it may also be observed that the carbonation depth of concrete made with up to 10% replacement of cement by rice husk ash led to maximum carbonation resistance, while more than 10% replacement of cement showed higher carbonation depth. It is also observed that the coefficient of permeability of concrete with 2% soap solution significantly decreased as compared to the 1% soap solution and control mix. It may be observed from the SEM images that 0% soap solution (M1) concrete has a very rough concrete surface which may indicate more voids. However, 2% soap solution concrete has a much smoother surface, which indicates a smaller number of voids. Furthermore, the SEM images showed that the soap solution helps in filling the voids of concrete which ultimately helps in reduction in permeability. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) of concrete with 0% (M1) and 2% (M6) soap solution disclosed that the concrete with 2% soap solution (M6) exhibited more silica element formation than the concrete with no soap solution (M1).

In this paper, the improvement of the performance of a piezoelectric (PZ) cantilever beam using a non-uniform substrate thickness is presented. This reduces the resonant frequency, improves the stress distribution and generates more output voltage and power. Both analytical and finite-element method analyses were performed to investigate the effect of a tapered substrate thickness on a PZ cantilever beam. A tapered substrate thickness was used in rectangular and trapezoidal cantilever structures. All of the designed cantilever structures had the same fabrication area, and their performance was evaluated and compared using an excitation acceleration of 1g (9.8 m/s²). The tapered-down trapezoidal cantilever achieved a minimum resonant frequency of 62.41 Hz, which was 48.83% less than the resonant frequency of the uniform rectangular cantilever beam. The output peak voltage and average power of the proposed tapered-down trapezoidal cantilever beam were 12.36 V and 21 μW, respectively, which were improved by 44 and 74.48%, respectively, compared with those of the uniform rectangular cantilever structure.

The MEMS-based energy harvester is designed using the principle of piezoelectricity for harvesting electrical energy from ambient vibration. The different cantilever structures have been designed to study different ways of reducing natural frequency and simultaneously improve the cantilever's stress distribution. The multi slotted cantilever gives better stress distribution and produces higher output voltage and power. The proposed multi slotted trapezoidal cantilever has the minimum resonant frequency of 61 Hz, which is 29.72 % less than the rectangular cantilever structure. The proposed design produces the output voltage and power of 13.8 V and 13.3 µW, 38 % and 18.75 % more than basic rectangular cantilever, respectively.

In this paper, the performance and frequency bandwidth of the piezoelectric energy harvester (PZEH) is improved by introducing two permanent magnets attached to the proof mass of a dual beam structure. Both magnets are in the vicinity of each other and attached in such a way to proof mass of a dual beam so that they create a magnetic field around each other. The generated magnetic field develops a repulsive force between the magnets, which improves electrical output and enhances the bandwidth of the harvester. The simple rectangular cantilever structure with and without magnetic tip mass has a frequency bandwidth of 4 Hz and 4.5 Hz, respectively. The proposed structure generates a peak voltage of 20 V at a frequency of 114.51 Hz at an excitation acceleration of 1 g (g= 9.8 m/s2). The peak output power of a proposed structure is 25.5 µW. The operational frequency range of a proposed dual beam cantilever with a magnetic tip mass of 30 mT is from 102.51 Hz to 120.51 Hz, ie, 18 Hz. The operational frequency range of a dual beam cantilever without magnetic tip mass is from 104.18 Hz to 118.18 Hz, ie, 14 Hz. There is an improvement of 22.22% in the frequency bandwidth of the proposed dual beam cantilever with a magnetic tip mass of 30 mT than the dual beam without magnetic tip mass.

This research reports the experimental outcomes of potentiodynamic analysis of the steel reinforcement in carbonated and uncarbonated high‐volume fly‐ash concrete powder solution extracts (CPSE). Different percentages of fly‐ash content have been used to form a high‐volume fly‐ash concrete (0%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%) with three different types of steel reinforced. Three different water‐to‐binder ratios (0.35, 0.40, and 0.45) have been used to form the reinforced concrete. The different zones of corrosion were observed through the anodic polarization curve, which was obtained through the potentiodynamic linear sweep test. It has indeed been demonstrated that concrete with up to 50% fly ash shows better resistance against carbonation, as compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. Fully active anodic polarization curve is obtained for carbonated concrete. Corrosion‐resistant steel performed better as compared to TATA TMT and SISCON TMT types of steel. The ANOVA also verifies the experimental observation, which shows that the content of fly ash and types of steel decide the extent of corrosion in the concrete. It has also been observed that the interaction between the fly‐ash content and water‐binder proportion and also the interaction between fly ash and the type of steel show the strong effect on the corrosion activity, which decides the extent of different zones of corrosion.