Teófilo Miguel de Souza

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze recent scientific production (2023-2026) regarding the sustainability of photovoltaic solar energy generation, identifying key technological trends and environmental management challenges. Theoretical Framework: The foundation is based on the evolution of photovoltaic technology, transitioning from a technical focus on conversion efficiency to a systemic integration and lifecycle management (cradle-to-grave) approach. Method: A Systematic Bibliometric Review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. The search in the Scopus database allowed for the selection and qualitative analysis of 30 highly relevant articles, categorized into thematic axes of stability and circularity. Results and Discussion: The results reveal a clear dichotomy in current research: 60% of studies focus on Operational Sustainability, proposing hybrid systems (PV-Hydrogen) to overcome intermittency, while 40% address Environmental Sustainability, focusing on recycling and circular economy to mitigate waste liabilities. Research Implications: The study suggests that the sustainable expansion of the sector depends on the urgent implementation of extended producer responsibility policies and the development of economically viable recycling technologies. Originality/Value: This review innovates by correlating operational efficiency (hybridization) with end-of-life challenges, offering a holistic diagnosis of the frontiers of photovoltaic sustainability.

Lighting consumes around 15% of available electrical energy. Our day-to-day way of life demands that the environment around us adapts to what we need. Light bulbs, a century-old invention, in continuous evolution, have come in different forms and technologies. The moment is LED lighting, which is leading to the discontinuity of several other technologies. In this work, we chose some widely used brands to evaluate their performance, and to do so we used the Ponto de Luz laboratory, on the premises of UNESP, to shed a little light on the subject. A iluminação consome cerca de 15% da energia elétrica disponível. O nosso modo de vida, diuturna, demanda que o meio ao nosso redor se adeque ao que precisamos. As lâmpadas, invenção centenária, em continua evolução, vem-se apresentando em diversas formas e tecnologias. O momento é da iluminação a LED, que está levando à descontinuidade de diversas outras tecnologias. Neste trabalho, escolhemos algumas marcas muito usadas para fazer uma avaliação de sua performance, e para tal utilizamos o laboratório do Ponto de Luz, nas dependências da UNESP para jogar um pouco de luz no assunto

THE USE OF ELECTRIC BOATS AND PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY AS A GOOD PRACTICE FOR REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In this paper we analyze an experimental 1000 kWh/month distributed generation system in a tropical region connected to a point of common coupling in a low voltage grid that was characterized according to NTC 5001. This photovoltaic system has 7.8 kWp and uses 30 polycrystalline silicon-panels of 260 Wp each. Its maximum energy produced was 850 kWh/month, equivalent to 72.65% of the installed capacity. Finally, there was an increase of 2% with respect to the minimum voltage value that was recorded. The voltage unbalance decreases between 3.5 and 70% and voltage harmonics in each line increased by 7% on line U1, 0.8% on U2, 3% on U3 and current harmonics have a 22% increase. Likewise, the total active and reactive power were increased by 58% and 42% respectively, and the thermography study allowed to establish a temperature increase at the point of common coupling of 7.5%. Therefore, it is expected that this paper can serve as a reference for the application of Colombian law 1715 in solar energy.

An experimental 1,000 kWh/month PV solar system was connected to a low-voltage network at the Universidad de Ibague, Colombia. In this work, we present the findings about the electrical voltage issues in the common connection point. The characterization of the low-voltage network was based on the NTC 5001standard, including aspects such as voltage imbalance, intermittency, short and long-term flicker, and harmonics. The maximum energy production was 850 kWh /month, equal to the 72.65% of the total installed capacity. In this condition, the minimum voltage measurements evidenced a 2 % increase from the previous value, the voltage imbalance was 3.5 to 70 percent lower, and the voltage harmonics (TDH) increased 7, 0.8 and 3 percent in the phases U-1, U-2 and U-3, respectively. Current harmonics did not show significant increases in lines U-2 and U-3, line U-1 recorded an increase of 22%, but there were no significant variations in the short and long-term flicker, notches and interruptions. Regarding the electrical power, the active and reactive components increased 58 and 42%, respectively, and the thermographic study indicated a 7.5 percent increasing temperature after the installation of the experimental PV system. This experience aims to be a reference project in the implementation of the Act 1715 of the Colombian government to promote solar

The standard test conditions for photovoltaic modules are not capable of reproducing the environmental variations to which the modules are subjected under real operating conditions. The objective of this experimental work is to be an initial study on how the electric energy generation of photovoltaic cells varies according to the different wavelength ranges of the solar light spectrum under real operating conditions. Two modules were installed outdoors; color filters, which allow the passage of light at specific wavelengths, were installed on one of them. The amount of energy produced by the module with the filter was compared to the reference module, and the relative efficiency of each filter was defined. As a result, it was found that crystalline silicon modules do not respond uniformly to sunlight, being more sensitive to the red band (relative efficiency of 23.83%) and less sensitive to the green band (19.15%). The infrared contributes to a significant portion of energy production (relative efficiency of 13.56%), overcoming its negative effect of reducing energy generation capacity due to high photovoltaic cell temperature.