Agustín Valverde Granja

Se presenta el dimensionamiento de un sistema de riego aplicado a un cultivo de limón, haciendo uso de la energía solar. Dicho riego cumplió con valores de evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) de 4,31 mm/día y Uso Consuntivo (UC) de 1,85 mm/ha/día, cuya matriz experimental se encuentra compuesta por tres surcos de 57 árboles con requerimiento de 64,91 litros/árbol/día, utilizando goteros de una descarga de 4 litros/hora. El estudio demuestra en un nivel altamente significativo que la humedad se concentra en una profundidad de 15 cm, influenciado por las características físicas arenosas del suelo. Para el requerimiento del agua de riego, se dimensiona un sistema solar, obteniendo un arreglo de diez paneles en serie y dos en paralelo para un total de veinte en conjunto, un inversor de una capacidad de 5,0 kWp, para alimentar una bomba de 2 HP y una vivienda, con consumo promedio de 1,5 kWp, conectado a una red de baja tensión de 220V. La eficiencia global del sistema se registró en el rango de 10 y 14 % y la potencia máxima de salida del sistema fotovoltaico se alcanzó entre las 10 y las 14 horas con un 84 % de la capacidad total instalada (5,2 kWp).

In this paper we analyze an experimental 1000 kWh/month distributed generation system in a tropical region connected to a point of common coupling in a low voltage grid that was characterized according to NTC 5001. This photovoltaic system has 7.8 kWp and uses 30 polycrystalline silicon-panels of 260 Wp each. Its maximum energy produced was 850 kWh/month, equivalent to 72.65% of the installed capacity. Finally, there was an increase of 2% with respect to the minimum voltage value that was recorded. The voltage unbalance decreases between 3.5 and 70% and voltage harmonics in each line increased by 7% on line U1, 0.8% on U2, 3% on U3 and current harmonics have a 22% increase. Likewise, the total active and reactive power were increased by 58% and 42% respectively, and the thermography study allowed to establish a temperature increase at the point of common coupling of 7.5%. Therefore, it is expected that this paper can serve as a reference for the application of Colombian law 1715 in solar energy.

An experimental 1,000 kWh/month PV solar system was connected to a low-voltage network at the Universidad de Ibague, Colombia. In this work, we present the findings about the electrical voltage issues in the common connection point. The characterization of the low-voltage network was based on the NTC 5001standard, including aspects such as voltage imbalance, intermittency, short and long-term flicker, and harmonics. The maximum energy production was 850 kWh /month, equal to the 72.65% of the total installed capacity. In this condition, the minimum voltage measurements evidenced a 2 % increase from the previous value, the voltage imbalance was 3.5 to 70 percent lower, and the voltage harmonics (TDH) increased 7, 0.8 and 3 percent in the phases U-1, U-2 and U-3, respectively. Current harmonics did not show significant increases in lines U-2 and U-3, line U-1 recorded an increase of 22%, but there were no significant variations in the short and long-term flicker, notches and interruptions. Regarding the electrical power, the active and reactive components increased 58 and 42%, respectively, and the thermographic study indicated a 7.5 percent increasing temperature after the installation of the experimental PV system. This experience aims to be a reference project in the implementation of the Act 1715 of the Colombian government to promote solar