Sami Ullah Khan

Heat transfer in a ternary nanofluid between dilating and squeezing walls channel with uniform permeation is an interesting research direction. The use of thermal radiation, magnetic field, and Joule heating promotes its novelty regarding heat transfer. Thus, the key purpose of this research is to model and simulate innovative ternary nanofluid heat transfer under the influence of solar radiation, permeability, magnetic, and Joule heating phenomena, and the properties of nanostructured particles. An appropriate model for ternary nanofluid is developed for a permeable channel. The governing model reduced into final form by implementing similarity rules and then analyze the results via numerical approach. Along with thermal performance, Nusselt number, and shear drag results are also studied. The impacts of thermal radiation, nanoparticle concentration, permeability parameter, and Hartmann number on these results are analyzed via graphical representation. It is examined that thermal transport in ternary nanofluid improved when the strength of thermal radiation and the Ec number increased. Further, the addition of , , and higher highly opposed the fluid movement. The rate of heat transport and shear drag are observed to be high for ternary nanofluids followed by hybrid and conventional nanofluids. The results would be helpful in applied thermal and chemical engineering to boost or control the heat transfer process with suitable parameter ranges. The model results are valid for laminar flow regimes. Further, it is limited to viscous incompressible flow with uniform saturation of nanoparticles in the base fluid. This research concentrates on the performance of a ternary nanofluid using thermal radiation, heating source, Darcy and Forchheimer effects, viscous dissipation, resistive heating, and nanoparticle concentration.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the thermal and flow behavior of a tangent ternary hybrid nanofluid (HNF) (Cu–TiO2–SiO2/H2O) in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium under the influence of Coriolis forces. The primary objective is to analyze how nanoparticle shape factors and rotational effects enhance heat transfer and modify velocity profiles. A comprehensive numerical approach is applied to quantify skin friction and Nusselt number variations. The results provide insights into optimizing ternary HNF configurations for improved thermal management in rotating porous systems, offering both theoretical and practical relevance to advanced energy and industrial cooling applications. Design/methodology/approach: The governing nonlinear partial differential equations describing the tangent ternary HNF flow (Cu–TiO2–SiO2/H2O) in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium with Coriolis forces are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The effects of nanoparticle shape, rotation and porous medium resistance on velocity and temperature profiles are analyzed. A numerical shooting method is used to solve the resulting boundary value problem, enabling precise evaluation of skin friction, Nusselt number and thermal enhancement characteristics. Parametric studies systematically explore the influence of physical and geometric parameters on the flow and heat transfer behavior. Findings: The results demonstrate that Coriolis forces significantly alter velocity distributions, inducing rotational flow patterns that enhance heat transfer. Nanoparticle shape strongly influences thermal performance, with platelet and cylindrical particles providing higher Nusselt numbers compared to spherical shapes. The presence of the Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium increases flow resistance, raising skin friction while moderating thermal enhancement. Overall, the synergistic effects of rotational dynamics, ternary nanoparticle dispersion and particle geometry yield substantial heat transfer improvement. These insights provide practical guidance for optimizing HNF configurations in rotating porous systems and advanced thermal management applications. Originality/value: This work presents a novel investigation of a tangent ternary HNF (Cu–TiO2–SiO2/H2O) under the combined influence of Coriolis forces, nanoparticle shape and Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium effects. Unlike previous studies, it systematically analyzes the impact of particle geometry on thermal enhancement in rotating porous systems. The study uses a numerical shooting method for precise evaluation of flow and heat transfer characteristics. The findings offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of hybrid nanofluid-based thermal systems, with potential applications in rotating machinery, geothermal energy and advanced cooling technologies.

Polylactic acid (PLA) and its composites have gained significant attention for the fabrication of complex biomedical parts through three-dimensional (3D) printing. This study summarizes the 3D printing compatibility of PLA/MgO nanowire composites through fused deposition modeling (FDM). The selected PLA/MgO nanowire composition was printable under the tested condition. PLA/MgO nanowire composites exhibit 15% improved ultimate tensile stress and 14% higher elastic modulus as compared to pure PLA. In addition, the maximum load carrying ability of PLA/MgO nanowire composites increased up to 34.78% with the 155% increase in break strain and 250% energy absorption. PLA/MgO nanowire composites exhibit increased degradation probably due to the addition of MgO nanowires. The cytocompatibility results show that PLA/MgO nanowire specimens show no toxicity.

Motivated by the enhanced thermal characteristics of hybrid nanomaterials, this study investigates heat and mass transfer in an Oldroyd-B hybrid nanofluid and assesses entropy generation. The hybrid nanofluid consists of gold (Au) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles suspended in water (H2O). A refined Fourier’s thermal model is used to analyze the heat and mass transfer dynamic. The study also involves shape features, heat source, viscous dissipation and thermal radiation effects. The mass transfer is analyzed by accounting the chemical reactive species. The solution methodology is based on implementation of shooting numerical scheme. The study reveals that heat transfer enhances due to Deborah number with retardation time parameter. The entropy generation increase due to Hartmann number while declining behavior is observed for Prandtl number. Moreover, the Bejan number enhances by increasing the Eckert number. The proposed model justifies significance in thermal management systems, heat transfer optimization, control of heat dissipation in engineering systems, oil recovery, nuclear systems etc.

Polylactic acid (PLA) and its composites have gained significant attention for the fabrication of complex biomedical devices because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and reliable mechanical performance. Despite the various advantages of PLA, the use of pure PLA is limited because of its brittleness, low strength, poor crack resistance and slow degradation. To overcome these limitations, composites of PLA matrix with various reinforcements such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), has been focused in current continuation. The inspection of tensile data reveals that suspension of TCP enhanced the strength of composite material, while zinc helps in increasing the ductility and strength. The collective transport of ZnO and TCP into PLA yield to composite materials with impressive mechanical features inconstant to traditional PLA. A well balanced suspension of PLA/30TCP/1ZnO composite has been claimed with moderate degradability. Further 3D printing compatibility of various parts such as screw, bone plates was tested using the PLA/30TCP/1ZnO composites.

The investigation has been carried out for the interaction of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, specifically nanospheres and nanorods, into biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) for biomedical applications. Structural characterization using the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful integration of ZnO nanoparticles into the PLA matrix. Mechanical results showed that PLA/ZnO nanosphere composites exhibit superior tensile properties (25.20[ ]MPa) compared to PLA/ZnO nanorods (22.98[ ]MPa). Degradation results showed that ZnO incorporation, irrespective of morphology, accelerated the degradation rate of PLA (2.972%, 13.480%, 9.965% for PLA, PLA/ZnO nanosphere and PLA/ZnO nanorods, respectively). Cytotoxicity assessments showed no toxic behavior in either composite, confirming that adding ZnO does not compromise cell viability. These findings suggest that PLA/ZnO composites exhibit significant potential for biomedical applications, offering enhanced mechanical performance, controlled degradation and biocompatibility.

The use of engine oil contributes substantially to enhancing the thermal performance in the automobile industry by effectively dissipating heat from the engine and components, confirming optimal operating temperature. The advanced formulations, includingtri‐hybridnanofluid‐enhanced engine oil, are adopted to enhance thermal performance, reducing wear and improving fuel efficiency. The objective of the current work is to modify the thermal efficiencies of engine oil with the application oftri‐hybrid nanofluid. Thetri‐hybrid nanofluid is subject to the utilization of titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), copper oxide (CuO), and silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) nanoparticles with an engine oil base fluid. The base fluid properties are represented with the help of a couple stress fluid. The thermal problem is influenced by nonlinear radiative transport as well as an external heating source. A porous stretched surface comprising the suction features is assumed to be the source of flow. The heat transfer problem is subject to convective boundary constraints. The modified Cattaneo–Christov model is used to formulate the problem. To compute the result numerically, awell‐established shooting scheme has been implemented. Comparative analysis for heat transfer is conducted to examine the thermal performance of mononanofluid (TiO ₂ /Engine oil), hybrid nanofluid (CuO‐TiO ₂ /Engine oil), andtri‐hybrid nanomaterial (TiO ₂ ‐CuO‐SiO ₂ /Engine oil). The claimed results present innovative insight for the optimization of modern cooling systems in the automobile industry, where effective thermal regulation is necessary. Furthermore, the proposed model highlights potential for upgrading the engine efficiency and reducing the energy consumption in automotive systems.

The hybrid nanomaterials have emerged as next-generation medium of heat transfer due to impressive thermo-physical features arising from synergistic interaction of multiple nanoparticles. Subject to emerging need of high-performance energy-efficient systems, the hybrid nanofluids offer potential applications to advanced thermal management in energy, engineering and industrial systems. This investigation predicts the unsteady magnetized flow of hybrid nanofluid due to elastic surface moving periodically with applications of bioconvection and nonlinear thermal radiation. The suspension of uranium dioxide (UO2), iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles has been assumed along with blood base fluid. The analysis further comprises the significance of mass transfer, Brownian diffusion, thermophoretic features and chemical reactive species. The hybrid nanofluid also considered the suspension of microorganisms. The normal impact of magnetic force has been neglected. An imposed transverse magnetic field is applied; the induced magnetic field is neglected under the low magnetic Reynolds number approximation, while the Lorentz force term is retained. The computations are based on implementation of homotopy analysis technique. The results are performed comparatively for mono nanofluid (Fe3O4/Blood) and hybrid nanofluid (UO2-Fe3O4/Blood). Physical interpretation of results has been examined with thermal applications. It has been observed that inclusion of hybrid nanofluid confirms more pronounced thermal sensitivity due to superior thermal features. The proposed model justifies applications in the thermal regulation in biomedical systems, thermal enhancement of electronics systems and peak-precision heat-management operations.

The artificial neural network (ANN) plays a novel and innovative role in the of heat transfer by serving as a powerful predictive and data-driven modelling tool that captures complex thermal behaviors with excellent accuracy. This investigation aims to provide an optimized ANN model for oscillating flow of viscoelastic micropolar hybrid nanofluid with evaluation of heat and mass transfer. Hybrid nanofluid features characterize the suspension of aluminum alloy (AA7072-AA7075) with human blood as the base liquid. Both energy and concentration equations are modified by employing the relations of the advanced Cattaneo-Christov model. The radiated features have contributed to modifying the energy equation. Modeling of the problem leads to a nonlinear system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which are handled analytically. Based on the simulated numerical model, the ANN algorithm is implemented to predict the accuracy of the model. Understanding of machine learning algorithms has been examined through regression plots, fit functions, mean residual error, and histogram curves. Physical observations of models are revealed by evaluating the role of modeled parameters. By combining analytical simulations with ANN-driven predictive results, the analysis revealed a powerful framework for improving thermal performance, enhancing the flow stability, and enabling complex hybrid nanofluid systems. It has been observed that the developed ANN model exhibited excellent predictive capability with suitable convergence, while regression, mean square error and histogram confirmed its reliability and stable accuracy. The enhanced nanoparticles volume fraction and Brownian movement enhances the thermal impact of blood-based nanofluid. The larger micropolar fluid parameter and concentration relaxation presents a decay in the concentration diffusion.

The fractional models have emerged as powerful tools for analyzing the behavior of complex systems with applications of memory effects, non-locality and hereditary consequences. The fractional models offer excellent accuracy between experimental and theoretical results across different physical, thermal, industrial and biological problems. In current analysis, a fractional model has been developed for analyzing the thermal impact of hybrid nanofluid with enhanced heat transfer features. A suspension of water and human blood with carbon nanotubes has been considered. The thermal discretization of hybrid model is attributed with utilization of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). An accelerating porous plate induces the flow. The problem is further updated by utilizing the magnetic force effects, porosity medium and ramped temperature constraints. Ramped thermal constraints at different time instant are considered. The fractional simulations are performed with help of Prabhakar fractional approach. Comparative thermal results for SWCNT-MWCNT/blood and SWCNT-MWCNT/ \mathrm{H_2}O have been prepared. The physical insight of parameters in fluctuating the heat transfer rate is observed. The comparative outcomes reveal that water-based carbon nanotube demonstrate a stronger thermal response than blood-based suspension. It has been observed that Grashof number plays effective role in enhancing the heat transfer impact. Presence of porous medium increase the thermal profile, justifying applications in petroleum engineering and soil sciences. The claimed results present novel applications in heat transfer systems, extrusion processes, energy-efficient chemical engineering operations, heat transfer devices, extrusion processes, energy growth, solar systems, chemical processes, fission reactions, etc.