Dmytro Shvets

This article is devoted to the study of the impact of various forms of contractual regulation on the financial security of Ukraine. The paper characterises the current state of contractual regulation of financial relations in Ukraine and its influence on internal financial security. The objective of this study is to determine the role and impact of contractual regulation forms on the state of Ukraine's financial security. The research was conducted using a combination of general scientific and special research methods. The dialectical method was applied to examine the features and levels of impact of contractual regulation forms amidst changing socio-political circumstances, as well as to analyse how these impacts are reflected in national and international law. The method of analysis and synthesis was employed by the authors to establish a classification of contractual regulation forms and their impacts, and to identify the specific features of contractual regulation's influence during both peacetime and wartime.The study reveals that both existing forms of contractual regulation and information regarding the conclusion, content, and parties of specific agreements significantly affect the country's financial sphere and its security status. Forms of contractual regulation can serve as catalysts for either positive or negative outcomes for Ukraine's financial security. Consequently, the impacts of contractual regulation forms on financial security can be assessed as positive, neutral, or those that may jeopardise the functioning of the state's financial security. The practical value of this research lies in the development of a theoretical framework for creating an effective mechanism of contractual regulation within the sphere of Ukraine's financial security.Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie wpływu różnych form regulacji umownej na bezpieczeństwo finansowe Ukrainy. W pracy scharakteryzowano aktualny stan regulacji umownej stosunków finansowych na Ukrainie oraz jej wpływ na wewnętrzne bezpieczeństwo finansowe. Celem niniejszego badania jest określenie roli i wpływu form regulacji umownej na stan bezpieczeństwa finansowego Ukrainy. Badania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem połączenia ogólnych metod naukowych oraz metod badawczych o charakterze specjalistycznym. Metodę dialektyczną zastosowano w celu zbadania cech i poziomów oddziaływania form regulacji umownej w zmieniających się warunkach społeczno-politycznych, a także w celu analizy tego, jak oddziaływania te znajdują odzwierciedlenie w prawie krajowym i międzynarodowym. Autorzy zastosowali metodę analizy i syntezy w celu ustalenia klasyfikacji form regulacji umownej i ich oddziaływania oraz zidentyfikowania specyficznych cech wpływu regulacji umownej zarówno w czasie pokoju, jak i w czasie wojny.Badanie wykazuje, że zarówno istniejące formy regulacji umownej, jak i informacje dotyczące zawierania, treści oraz stron konkretnych umów mają znaczący wpływ na sferę finansową kraju oraz stan jego bezpieczeństwa. Formy regulacji umownej mogą pełnić rolę katalizatorów zarówno pozytywnych, jak i negatywnych skutków dla bezpieczeństwa finansowego Ukrainy. W związku z tym wpływ form regulacji umownej na bezpieczeństwo finansowe można ocenić jako pozytywny, neutralny lub jako taki, który może zagrażać funkcjonowaniu bezpieczeństwa finansowego państwa. Wartość praktyczna niniejszych badań polega na opracowaniu teoretycznych ram służących stworzeniu skutecznego mechanizmu regulacji umownych w sferze bezpieczeństwa finansowego Ukrainy. Der vorliegende Artikel widmet sich der Analyse der Auswirkungen verschiedener Formen der vertraglichen Regulierung auf die finanzielle Sicherheit der Ukraine. In der Arbeit werden der aktuelle Stand der vertraglichen Regulierung der Finanzbeziehungen in der Ukraine sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die innere finanzielle Sicherheit beschrieben. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, die Rolle und den Einfluss der Formen der vertraglichen Regulierung auf den Zustand der finanziellen Sicherheit der Ukraine zu ermitteln. Die Untersuchungen wurden unter Verwendung einer Kombination aus allgemeinen wissenschaftlichen Methoden und fachspezifischen Forschungsmethoden durchgeführt. Die dialektische Methode wurde angewandt, um die Merkmale und das Ausmaß der Auswirkungen vertraglicher Regulierungsformen unter sich wandelnden gesellschaftspolitischen Bedingungen zu untersuchen sowie um zu analysieren, wie sich diese Auswirkungen im nationalen und internationalen Recht widerspiegeln. Die Autoren wandten die Methode der Analyse und Synthese an, um eine Klassifizierung der Formen der vertraglichen Regulierung und ihrer Auswirkungen zu erstellen sowie die spezifischen Merkmale der Auswirkungen vertraglicher Regulierung sowohl in Friedens- als auch in Kriegszeiten zu identifizieren.Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass sowohl die bestehenden Formen der vertraglichen Regulierung als auch Informationen über den Abschluss, den Inhalt und die Parteien konkreter Verträge einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Finanzsektor des Landes und dessen Sicherheitslage haben. Vertragliche Regelungsformen können sowohl als Katalysatoren für positive als auch für negative Auswirkungen auf die finanzielle Sicherheit der Ukraine wirken. Daher lassen sich die Auswirkungen vertraglicher Regulierungsformen auf die Finanzsicherheit als positiv, neutral oder als solche bewerten, die das Funktionieren der Finanzsicherheit des Staates gefährden könnten. Der praktische Nutzen dieser Untersuchung besteht in der Erarbeitung eines theoretischen Rahmens für die Schaffung eines wirksamen Mechanismus zur vertraglichen Regulierung im Bereich der Finanzsicherheit der Ukraine. В данной статье анализируется влияние различных форм договорного регулирования на финансовую безопасность Украины....

The article provides a comprehensive theoretical and legal, as well as systemic and structural analysis of contemporary international experience in preventing corruption offenses to define strategic vectors for its implementation into national legislation and law enforcement practice. The relevance of the study is driven by the necessity to modernize Ukraine’s anti-corruption architecture amidst European integration processes and global challenges. The methodological framework of the scholarly inquiry is based on an interdisciplinary approach, including comparative-legal, statistical, and retrospective methods, along with the systemic analysis method, which allowed for an objective systematization of global anti-corruption regulatory concepts. The authors conduct a thorough review of global corruption prevention strategies, with a particular emphasis on the transition from purely repressive models to preventive «horizontal» strategies. The study details the range of administrative and criminal-law instruments employed by leading nations and identifies the determinants of success in countries with traditionally low Corruption Perceptions Index scores (specifically the Scandinavian region). Through the lens of analyzing the anti-corruption systems of Poland and Germany, it is demonstrated that the effectiveness of countering misconduct in the public sector depends on a balanced combination of rigorous legal control and the systemic elimination of institutional factors contributing to corruption risks. Special attention is paid to the role of civil society and the level of legal awareness among the population as fundamental prerequisites for the success of anti-corruption reforms. It is argued that the modern prevention paradigm should be grounded in the synergy of state institutions, specialized law enforcement agencies, and independent public oversight bodies. The findings indicate that for Ukraine, the adaptive implementation of best practices, accounting for the national specifics of legal culture and public administration, is critically important rather than the blind copying of foreign norms. The conclusions emphasize that the strategic goal of anti-corruption policy should be the creation of a transparent environment where corruption becomes not only legally punishable but also economically impractical and socially unacceptable. The results of the study can be utilized for the further improvement of regulatory acts in the field of corruption prevention and the development of methodological recommendations for anti-corruption entities in Ukraine.

The article is devoted to the study of the main forms of human trafficking and its spread both in Ukraine and in other countries. It is noted that human trafficking is not an isolated phenomenon; it is closely related to world events, since armed conflicts, natural disasters, financial crises, political instability, as well as changes in migration flows significantly affect the structure and scale human trafficking worldwide and in individual states. It is noted that encroachments related to slave trade and exploitation of slave labor often remain hidden, their high level of latency is due not only to the specifics of committing these offenses, but also by the efforts of delinquents who try to hide their tracks, avoid detection, disclosure and investigation, as well as evade criminal liability. Based on the research conducted, the psychological characteristics of victims of human trafficking were identified, socio-psychological portraits of the main groups of victims and Recommendations are given for effective communication with them. Attention is focused on the fact that victims of human trafficking experience terrible psychological and physical trauma. Living in inhuman, slave-like conditions destroys their lives, leading to deep personal and social problems. That is why high-quality and timely assistance to these people is vital, as its goal is to minimize the effects of stress and other negative consequences of slavery, help victims return to normal life, and reduce the risk of re-victimization, that is, to prevent them from becoming victims again. Despite the fact that the world community has adopted many international legal acts to prevent and combat human trafficking and slavery, not all states, including Ukraine, successfully fulfill these obligations. In Ukraine, state authorities, non-profit, public and international organizations cooperate in combating trafficking people, conducting research, educating migrants, and raids to identify and rescue victims. However, these measures are not enough. The article proposes a number of measures to strengthen the fight against human trafficking.

The objective of this study is to elucidate the challenges inherent in the prevention of military-economic crime under martial law in Ukraine. In the light of the study's findings, the authors proceed to analyse the measures to prevent military-economic crimes under martial law in Ukraine. This analysis enables the identification and detailed characterisation of three principal levels: general social, special criminological and individual preventive. In the context of studying the general social prevention of military-economic crime, it has been demonstrated that the formation of patriotism among servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations is unfeasible without the implementation of an appropriate set of state and social measures aimed at fostering the consciousness and behaviour of the individual in anticipation of their future role as a serviceman. These measures must be designed to cultivate a range of qualities, including civil, socio-psychological, moral, physical, military professional and volitional qualities, in order to ensure the fulfilment of both the constitutional duty of Ukrainian citizens to protect the Motherland and the effective execution of combat missions in any circumstances. Within the framework of special criminological prevention of military-economic crime, the study substantiates and proves the need to create mental health units at the level of divisions and brigades, which should be headed by psychiatrists and include mental health officers (licensed psychologists and/or social workers with specialised education who have at least one year of experience in relevant medical institutions). The article establishes that the main purpose of individual prevention of military-economic crime is a positive correction of a serviceman's personality aimed at changing his behaviour from anti-social to law-abiding, and therefore the main measures of individual prevention of military-economic crime in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations should be the following: identification of sources of negative influence that contribute to the commission of military economic criminal offences; examination of the personality of typical offenders; forecasting the individual behaviour of persons prone to commit military economic criminal offences; planning individual preventive measures for identified persons; implementation of appropriate corrective influence on the personality of a typical offender aimed at avoiding the commission of military economic criminal offences; control over the behaviour of typical offenders.

The purpose of the article consists in revealing access to justice during wartime in cases related to protection of rights, freedoms and interests of military personnel and conscripts. Active hostilities are taking place in most regions of Ukraine, and this makes it impossible to delivery justice in administrative courts. However, the High Council of Justice has resolved this issue properly, so access to justice in Ukraine during the wartime in cases related to protection of rights, freedoms and interests of military personnel and conscripts is currently possible in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, interpretation method, hermeneutic method as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. Conclusions. The article analyzes the decision of the ECtHR, and based on this, the author concludes that financial costs are considered by the ECtHR as an obstacle to access justice. Access to court is effective only when a person will have a real opportunity to challenge wrongful actions in practice.

The war in Ukraine has created an unprecedented global humanitarian crisis, with the highest number of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the world, civil infrastructure in ruins, uncontrolled food and water supplies in deserted regions, etc. The war has also led to a radical change in national security governance in Ukraine. The main purpose of the article is to analyse current legal and economic issues of national security governance in Ukraine at war. The subject of the study is the importance of national security governance in defining national values and interests and in assessing damage in Ukraine. The methodology of the research includes the method of descriptive and explanatory study of legal issues of national security governance in Ukraine. The study is based on an analysis of legal documents and academic articles. For the purposes of the paper, the analysis of the literature on the subject and the method of document research were used. Originally, the regulations regulating the legal issues of national security governance in Ukraine were included in the Law of Ukraine "On National Security". The paper modifies the current situation regarding the normative provisions that should be updated. The hypothesis of the paper is that the concept of objective values is constantly evolving and that there is no unified approach to its definition. The practical implications are as follows: the number of refugees from Ukraine is still growing, so Ukraine should pursue its national interests in the receiving countries in order to protect universal values. As a result, during martial law Ukraine civil society set up objective values within its national interests, locking up counter-terrorism and human trafficking. The value/originality of the paper is that it expands the knowledge about the interconnection of objective values and national interests of the state with a special focus on Ukraine at war.

Chapter 3 proves that the effective fulfillment by the National Police of the tasks of ensuring human rights and freedoms to a certain extent depends on the proper legal regulation of this activity through laws and other regulations. Attention is focused on the fact that, at the same time, the emphasis on the propaedeutics of professional deformation exacerbates the need to develop integral mechanisms that determine the constructiveness of this process in the aspect of the integral theory of leadership. The mechanisms of organizational and legal support of human rights and freedoms are classified into groups; It has been proved that the practice-oriented mechanism for ensuring human rights and freedoms by the National Police of Ukraine is the only, integral and qualitatively independent phenomenon of the legal system, a set of interrelated and interacting prerequisites, means and conditions that create appropriate legal and factual opportunities for the full implementation of law and freedom. It was found that the trends in reforming the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine indicate the priority of the human factor over the improvement of the structure and technical modernization. After all, first of all, in order to increase the authority of the National Police among the population, in relations with citizens, it is the police officer who must act as a defender of its people and a representative of law and power, while the very specifics of personnel work should be considered as a sphere of a special “human dimension” of the organization.

Chapter 4 characterizes the conceptual and methodological principles, defines a set of objective and subjective circumstances that determine the psychological, pedagogical and legal factors in the formation of the value experience of a police officer's personality in the process of professional training and its development in professional activities. The choice of the categorical-conceptual apparatus is substantiated, the features of the formation of the value experience of police officers are concretized; the basic forms of the constructive holistic effect of the development of value experience are determined – introspective and interactive from the standpoint of a holistic post-non-classical approach; the principles of ensuring the formation of valuable experience of police officers in the process of professional training are formulated. The prospects for the introduction of scientific and methodological support for the process of formation and development of the valuable experience of police officers in the conditions of professional training in institutions of higher education with specific learning conditions and during the period of assimilation of the instructive requirements of professional activity are determined.

In chapter 5, the process of reflection of self-organization as a way of personal organization of the life of future police officers is studied, which will contribute to the development of psychological resilience through the implementation of psychological training methods. The indicators of testometric aggressiveness of police officers are specified; interrelations of testometric and behavioral aggressiveness of police officers are revealed; the factors of manifestation of stress and post-stress response, the behavior of future police officers in the process of performing psycho-training exercises are determined; the principles of psychological assistance are determined in order to restore psychological resources in the aspect of preparation for the professional activities of law enforcement officers; the directions of professional and psychological training of future police officers are determined in terms of developing their resilience.