Liping Sun

Black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial for biomedical applications such as photothermal therapy and drug delivery, owing to its biocompatibility and tunable biodegradability. However, its practical use is severely limited by rapid oxidative degradation in aqueous environments. Here we report an unconventional passivation strategy in which standard, biocompatible saturated phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) stabilizes BP through the in situ assembly of a dynamic phosphate hydrogen‐bonded network at the solid–liquid interface. Mild surface oxidation of BP initiates hydrogen‐bond interactions with phosphate species, which spontaneously self‐organize under high phosphate concentrations. This adaptive network thermodynamically suppresses oxygen and water adsorption without permanent modification or coatings. As a result, BP exhibits long‐term stability in saturated PBS while retaining its intrinsic functional properties. Since PBS is a classical buffer in biomedicine, the stabilized dispersions require no separation or purification, allowing direct dilution for biomedical use. Beyond BP, this work suggests that phosphate hydrogen‐bonded network engineering can serve as a generalizable strategy for stabilizing diverse two‐dimensional materials in complex aqueous environments.

Black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial for biomedical applications such as photothermal therapy and drug delivery, owing to its biocompatibility and tunable biodegradability. However, its practical use is severely limited by rapid oxidative degradation in aqueous environments. Here we report an unconventional passivation strategy in which standard, biocompatible saturated phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) stabilizes BP through the in situ assembly of a dynamic phosphate hydrogen‐bonded network at the solid–liquid interface. Mild surface oxidation of BP initiates hydrogen‐bond interactions with phosphate species, which spontaneously self‐organize under high phosphate concentrations. This adaptive network thermodynamically suppresses oxygen and water adsorption without permanent modification or coatings. As a result, BP exhibits long‐term stability in saturated PBS while retaining its intrinsic functional properties. Since PBS is a classical buffer in biomedicine, the stabilized dispersions require no separation or purification, allowing direct dilution for biomedical use. Beyond BP, this work suggests that phosphate hydrogen‐bonded network engineering can serve as a generalizable strategy for stabilizing diverse two‐dimensional materials in complex aqueous environments.

Traditional petroleum distillation faces high energy demands, necessitating innovative alternatives like membrane separation. This study presents a breakthrough in dual-range and precise pore size modulation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through a ligand functionalization strategy. By tailoring steric configurations and spatial orientations of light-responsive azobenzene groups, we achieved broad-range pore tuning (0.41 to 0.68 nanometers) via functional group length variation, coupled with subnanometer precision through reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization. Four representative branched alkanes were selected to validate the MOF’s high selectivity. Results showed its capacity to generate a constant carbon-atom-count–dependent permeation gradient, realizing a four-step sequential separation that increased C ₆ H ₁₄ purity from 25 to 92.2%. This synergistic approach uniquely combines large-scale pore adjustment with dynamic fine-tuning, decoupling separation efficiency from energy-intensive processes. The membranes’ structural stability and reversible light responsiveness further highlight their potential for sustainable hydrocarbon processing. By integrating molecular design with stimuli-responsive control, this work advances MOF-based membranes as a transformative solution for energy-efficient petroleum fractionation and precise molecular sieving.

A quadratic amplification fluorescence biosensor constructed by combining nicking enzyme mediated amplification (NEMA) and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reactions. After quadratic amplification, this biosensor achieved nearly 10⁷-fold, enabling it to detect ctDNA with ultra-sensitivity.

Sporopollenin exine capsules can regulate the viability, migration, and phagocytosis of microglia without pro-inflammation and protect microglia against LPS-induced inflammation through the TLR4 signaling pathway.

Chemotherapy is commonly used for the treatment of lung cancer, but strong side effects and low treatment efficacy limit its clinical application. Here, extracellular vesicles (EVs) as natural drug delivery carriers were used to load conventional anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and a chemosensitizer lonidamine (LND). Two types of EVs with different sizes (16k EVs and 120k EVs) were prepared using different centrifugation forces. We found that co-delivery of DOX and LND with both EVs enhanced the cytotoxicity and reduced the dose of the anticancer drug significantly in vitro. Effective delivery of anti-cancer drugs to cancer cells was achieved by direct fusion of EVs with the plasma membrane of cancer cells. On the other hand, DOX and LND inhibited cancer cell proliferation by increasing DNA damage, suppressing ATP production, and accelerating ROS generation synergistically. DOX and LND loaded EVs were also applied to the mouse lung cancer model and exhibited significant anticancer activity. In vivo study showed that smaller EVs exhibited higher anticancer efficiency. In conclusion, the co-delivery of the anticancer drug and the chemosensitizer with EVs may have potential clinical applications for cancer therapy.