Lesia Zaburanna

Entrepreneurs in agriculture ensure the potential of the country's food security and environmental protection. The study aims to substantiate the social, economic and conceptual foundations of the activities of business entities in agriculture under martial law. The research methodology is based on the provisions of system-functional analysis and institutional economic theory. Graphical, and abstract methods of systematisation of results were used. The study found that in 2023, more than 50 thousand business entities (92% of them were farms) produced products. 1.6 thousand agricultural businesses received loans worth 60.1 billion UAH. The author substantiates the need to keep the preferential financing of agricultural entrepreneurs under the "Affordable Loans 5-7-9%" programme as "survival loans" with the expansion of the limits to 130-140 million UAH and a reduction of the interest rate to 5%. The study determined that small business and family farming are the primary guarantors of employment. It is proved that in the period 2017-2022, 84.64% of the variation in net profit is explained by the variation in the level of agricultural products sold by business entities. The article substantiates the expediency of applying the organisational and economic principles of business development in wartime, developing comprehensive indicators for assessing the state of development of business structures in the agricultural sector of the economy and the impact of entrepreneurship on the development of rural areas. The indicators of development and efficiency of agricultural enterprises are characterised. The information and analytical material can be considered when developing regional programmes for the development of agrarian entrepreneurship.

Purpose. The goal of the study is to determine the transformational changes in agricultural households with different sizes of land plots, with an emphasis on their adaptation to market conditions, introduction of new technologies, and economic practices; to assess the impact of these processes on the socioeconomic and cultural potential of rural regions and formulate recommendations for the Ukrainian government to create favorable conditions for the balanced and sustainable development of rural areas. Methodology / approach. In the study, a systemic approach was used to analyse the agrarisation and deagrarisation of rural territories in Ukraine, which allows considering these processes as complex and interconnected phenomena. The basis of the research methodology was a set of classical and modern methods of economic analysis. For analysing the trends of rural household development and their role in the agricultural sector of the economy, methods of analysis and synthesis were used. The statistical analysis included the collection, processing, and interpretation of data concerning the agricultural activity of rural households, specifically their land areas and production activities. The application of comparative analysis made it possible to study the experience of other countries and assessing the possibilities of its adaptation under Ukrainian conditions. The study uses an integrated approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. This ensured an in-depth investigation of the institutional, economic, and social aspects of the agrarisation and deagrarisation of rural territories. Results. The findings of the study underline the importance of distinguishing between two key processes in the development of rural areas in Ukraine: agrarisation and deagrarisation. It was established that households with an area of up to 0.5 hectares and from 0.5 to 1.0 hectare (78 % of all rural households) show a trend towards deagrarisation, manifested in abandoning agricultural activities and transitioning to non-farming occupations. On the other hand, households with an area of more than 1.01 hectares (22 % of all rural households) demonstrate active agricultural development, characterised by increasing numbers of cattle, pigs, and broiler chickens, implementation of new agricultural technologies, and diversification of activities through growing and selling fruits, vegetables, and seedlings. It was revealed that the majority of the heads of these active households are descendants of dekulakised peasant-farmers of the 1930s, suggesting the presence of a genetic memory among Ukrainian landowners. It is recommended that the Ukrainian government create favorable conditions for the development of rural households with an area of more than 1.01 hectares in order to foster economic growth and preserve the socio-cultural potential of rural areas. Originality / scientific novelty. The originality of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of the transformational changes in rural areas of Ukraine, particularly in identifying the strategic vectors of rural development – agrarisation and deagrarisation. The scientific novelty of the work is manifested in determining the interrelations between the sizes of rural households, their choice of strategic direction agrarisation or deagrarisation), and the economic, social, and cultural factors influencing this direction. The results of the study contribute to a better understanding how historical memory and current market conditions shape the management strategies of rural households. This enables the authors of the article to put forward proposals on the formation of state policy aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas in Ukraine in the context of their agrarisation and deagrarisation. Practical value / implications. The practical value lies in the development of recommendations for the formation of effective state agrarian policy in Ukraine. Identifying the strategic vectors of rural development and determining the main factors influencing the agrarisation or deagrarisation of households allows for the design of targeted programs to support and develop agriculture. The results of the study can be used by government authorities to adjust agrarian policy, as well as by local authorities for the development and implementation of regional programs for the development of rural areas. They can also serve as a practical guide for agrarians who are striving to optimize their management in the conditions of market transformations, choosing between the strategies of agrarisation and deagrarisation depending on the specific conditions of their farm and region. Thus, the research contributes to the preservation and development of the socio-economic potential of rural areas in Ukraine. Мета. Мета – визначити трансформаційні зміни в сільських домогосподарствах з різними розмірами земельних ділянок, з акцентом на їх адаптацію до ринкових умов, упровадження нових технологій та економічних практик; оцінити вплив цих процесів на соціально-економічний і культурний потенціал сільських регіонів та сформулювати рекомендації для уряду України щодо створення сприятливих умов для збалансованого та сталого розвитку сільських територій. Методологія / методика / підхід. У дослідженні використано системний підхід для аналізу аграризації та деаграризації сільських територій України, що дозволяє розглядати ці...

In martial law conditions, the needs are different, and accordingly, budget policy priorities regarding the direction of budget funds change dramatically. The issues of defending the country, forming funds to support internally displaced persons, and providing humanitarian aid become paramount. Therefore, the need to find additional sources of budget funding and objectively review budget indicators, both in terms of income and expenditure, becomes more acute. This article aims to analyze the features of the mobilization and use of funds from the state budget of Ukraine in conditions of war, particularly in 2024. Budget legislation changes that regulate the distribution and redistribution of financial resources under martial law conditions were disclosed. Budget indicators of the consolidated budget for recent years were analyzed, as well as indicators of state and local budgets by income and expenditure in the general structure of the consolidated budget. The analysis results indicate an increase in the share of the state budget in the general structure of Ukraine's consolidated budget. The implementation of the state budget was complicated by its significant deficit, as well as the need to service the state debt. The growth of the state debt has taken on significant proportions and almost led to a default in August 2024. According to the study results, the main burden of the country's defence needs falls on the state budget since half of the expenditures aim to ensure the country's defence capability. In addition, expenditures on public order, security and the judiciary, as well as social security for the population are also quite large. A significant amount of state budget expenditures is directed at payments on state derivatives and servicing the state debt. In such conditions, the rational distribution of budget expenditures remains relevant, with a special emphasis on the efficiency of their use to strengthen the armed forces' capabilities, restore critical infrastructure facilities destroyed by the war, and provide social support to the population.

The article is devoted to the study of trends in the evolutionary changes of international business in the context of global economic turbulence. It is established that the global economy is currently at the stage of turbulent fluctuations, the factors and at the same time the results of which are the strengthening of new features that are almost polar to the attributes of the economy of the past decade. The turbulence of the global economy provokes relevant trends in the development of international business: a decrease in the rate of scaling of the international companies activities; comprehensive digitization of business processes; reformatting of global chains of value formation in terms of length, fragmentation and localization; strengthening cyber security and information protection in order to minimize financial and reputational risks; the growth of e-commerce; multichannel communications with consumers; increasing the social responsibility of international companies and increasing investments in sustainable development; increasing the value of human capital and permanent modernization of the international companies HR management. Artificial intelligence and human creative capital are becoming the identifying carrier of globalization changes, which is a source of innovative efficiency of international business processes and a critical factor for sustainable development. This stimulates a steady increase of investment in the development of artificial intelligence and its implementation in international business practices. Artificial intelligence has become a factor in the development of traditional economic sectors and a driver of the creative economy as a new global phenomenon. It is established that the growth of the creative economy is characterized by the disparity between countries with different levels of development in international trade in goods and services of creative industries: a clear dominance of developed countries in the services segment and a dynamic increase in the contribution of developing countries in the segment of creative goods. On a global scale, artificial intelligence is not limited to international business and is being actively integrated into the process of developing and implementing sustainable development strategies.

Introduction. Budget expenditures for social needs are an important tool for satisfying human interests, ensuring the well-being of citizens, and raising the standard of living of the population. Budget expenditures as an instrument of budget policy have a significant impact on the complete implementation of budget programs in the social sphere. Nationwide or global crises, shocks, etc. undermine the stability of financial and economic systems, including the full implementation of social policy. Problem Statement. The Russian-Ukrainian war undermined the foundations of the stability of the national economy. A significant number of business entities stopped their activities, at the same time the export of products almost completely stopped, budget revenues decreased significantly, which complicated the processes of budget implementation. This actualizes the efforts of politicians and practitioners to find optimal solutions for filling the budget, as well as strengthening the synergy of scientists in the context of conducting thorough research in the field of social expenditure formation in war conditions. Purpose. Assess the peculiarities of the formation of social budget expenditures under martial law in 2022. Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization and abstract-logical. Results. The conducted analysis showed that the financial and economic situation in the state significantly worsened with the beginning of the Russian invasion, which affected the ability to obtain basic services, the level of income and the quality of life of the population. The structure of budget expenditures has changed, because the defense of the country has become a priority task. At the same time, the amount of social spending should not decrease, as it is necessary to take into account the future social pressure associated with the consequences of the war. Budgeting processes are currently being transformed in a certain way, subject to priority, urgent measures aimed at protecting the country, as well as solving humanitarian and social issues. Therefore, it is necessary to search for additional sources of filling the budget, create reserve funds, redistribute budget expenditures, etc. Effective allocation and saving of limited budget funds will enable the government to maneuver financial resources, prevent associated risks, optimize expenditures, and concentrate them on strategic areas and other urgent tasks of a different nature. Conclusions. In the period of martial law, the tasks of budget policy remain essentially unchanged, in particular: effective management, distribution and use of budget expenditures for priority goals of both economic and social development. The structure of budget expenditures should take into account macroeconomic dynamics and adapt to military conditions, and therefore focus on the implementation of social priorities, primarily ensuring social benefits, providing medical and educational services, etc. The state must solve complex social tasks, which, in our opinion, is a promising direction for further scientific research.

The paper attempts to define the trends of the intellectual property (ІР) management in the framework of an agrarian economy. The object of the investigation are the controversies of intellectual property relations in the systems of agricultural research for development (AR4D-systems) that testify to the difficulties in ІР management. Taking into account a global trend of changing the correlation of private and public interests to the benefit of the latter in terms of managing intellectual property in AR4D-systems, the paper aims to develop a comprehensive model of intellectual property public management (that guarantees fair balance of interests) and to clarify how to evaluate the integral efficiency of such model. The theoretical basis of the study were existing analytical investigations of the intellectual property policies (conventional policy standard; open innovation policy; mixed policies of combining intellectual property rights regimes). The main obtained result of the study is a general concept of the comprehensive model of intellectual property public management for the AR4D systems based on 5 managing clusters. The integral efficiency monitoring of the proposed model was tested on the example of Ukraine with the help of the methods of multicriteria optimization of the vector criterion. The results show that the integral efficiency of the Ukrainian model is higher than average, but it can be increased by improving the tools of the information and communication support cluster and the cluster of organizational and technical assistance and capacity building such as the availability of the mobilization fund, the availability of the specialized electronic credit and investment platforms, the level of awareness of the users, the number of users of the system's electronic services. The practical value of the obtained results is their strategic impact on a sustainable development policy.

The article summarizes the practice of creation and functioning of small business forms in agriculture of Ukraine, assesses their role and capabilities at the present stage and in the future, identifies priority, desirable directions for further development of society and mechanisms for their provision. The necessity of implementing a consistent policy of entrepreneurial activity expansion in the rural area is substantiated, in the first place by family farming, which is capable to ensure the maximum employment rate of rural population. Due to the above-mentioned processes, agroholdings have narrowed down the ability of the rural population to conduct agricultural entrepreneurial activity. It has also been proved that in order to increase the efficiency of agricultural production, the profitability of rural households from the agricultural products production and sale, employment of rural population and the development of the agrarian market's infrastructure, it is necessary to intensify the creation of agricultural servicing cooperatives, especially in sectors where the production of small business forms prevails. It was found that it is extremely important to introduce a permanent state of financial and other support for the development of agricultural servicing cooperatives and small forms of farming in the rural area, focusing on supporting the latter through cooperatives in which they participate.