Eslam Moradi-Asl

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus differ in their capacity to acquire, amplify and transmit dengue virus (DENV), yet quantitative summaries of this capacity across all four serotypes and across the successive internal barriers of the mosquito are lacking. We synthesised global experimental evidence on the infection–dissemination–transmission cascade. We systematically reviewed experimental oral-challenge studies reporting infection, dissemination or transmission rates for Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus and any DENV serotype. Each unique study × population × serotype combination formed one analytical record. Proportions were pooled by random-effects meta-analysis using a binomial–normal generalised linear mixed model on the logit scale, stratified by species × serotype and by species × world region; subgroups with fewer than three independent studies were not pooled. Progression across barriers and the influence of days post-infection were examined with rank correlations, with a prespecified sensitivity analysis on the full pre-deduplication dataset. 157 analytical records from 68 studies conducted in 39 countries (1992–2025) were eligible. Pooled infection rates were highest for Ae. aegypti with DENV-1 (72.2%, 95% CI 58.4–82.7) and lowest for Ae. albopictus with DENV-3 (15.4%, 95% CI 2.7–54.3), spanning 47.2–72.2% for Ae. aegypti and 15.4–57.3% for Ae. albopictus. Transmission was uniformly the lowest tier, peaking at 29.0% (95% CI 8.7–63.6) for Ae. albopictus with DENV-1. Regional pooled estimates varied more than twofold within species. Infection predicted dissemination (ρ = 0.35, P < 0.001) and dissemination predicted transmission only weakly (ρ = 0.30, P = 0.044), whereas infection was unrelated to transmission (ρ = −0.07, P = 0.670). Transmission rose with days post-infection (ρ = 0.38, P = 0.007), from a median of 0% at ≤7 days to 29–30% at 15–21 days. Heterogeneity was substantial (I² 17.8–96.0%, median 83.3%). Ae. aegypti is the more competent vector for most serotype–region combinations, but Ae. albopictus attains comparable or higher transmission for DENV-1 and in parts of Asia, and cannot be treated as epidemiologically negligible. Efficient midgut infection does not predict onward transmission: the salivary-gland barrier, not virus acquisition, is the decisive constraint. Transmission-based endpoints measured at biologically appropriate incubation times should therefore replace infection-based proxies in risk assessment, and the wide heterogeneity observed underscores an urgent need for standardised vector-competence protocols and reporting.

The mosquito midgut is a dynamic ecosystem that harbours a diverse and intricate array of microorganisms, playing a crucial role in the host's health and physiological functions. Microbial functions highlight that mosquito‐associated bacterial communities are key determinants of host fitness and pathogen interactions. The mosquito's microbiome may influence the transmission of vector‐borne diseases in both direct and indirect ways. There is increasing evidence that both biotic and abiotic factors influence interactions between mosquito midgut microbiota. Bacteria are shared between aquatic habitats and both larval and adult mosquitoes, suggesting that environmental bacteria consistently influence mosquito microbiomes across developmental stages. Larval aquatic habitats serve as the main source of microbial acquisition, while water quality, nutrients, geography and pollutants influence initial colonization. The adult midgut becomes more selective, reducing microbial diversity and reshaping the community. This review aims to clarify the environmental factors that influence the midgut microbiome of mosquitoes, which are medically important arthropods.

Academic advising is pivotal for student success, satisfaction, and personal development in higher education. However, the effectiveness of advising system

Human scabies is an arthropod-borne disease considered a public health problem in some countries worldwide, and its incidence is increasing with rising temperatures in various regions. This is a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study conducted from 2016 to 2024. Disease data were obtained from the Center for Disease Control of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Geographically weighted regression, kriging, and inverse distance weighting were used to investigate spatial correlation and model the disease by ArcMap GIS 10.8.2 software. The prevalence of scabies has increased from 6 per 100,000 people in 2016 to 13.22 in 2024. High-risk areas for the disease detected in the central region have a standard deviation of 1.5–2.5% higher than other regions of the province; this region is considered a critical hotspot for scabies with 84.66% of cases being female and 15.34% male (P < 0.05). The more than doubling of the disease prevalence in Ardabil province and the dispersion of the disease in various regions, especially the central regions, should be considered by health officials in Ardabil province.

Myiasis is the infestation of tissues and organs in vertebrates, including humans and animals, by the larvae of dipteran flies that occurs in subtropical and tropical areas. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of livestock farmers across 12 counties in Ardabil province regarding myiasis in 2024, employing ANOVA and T-tests to analyze the relationships with various variables. The study found a statistically significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice mean scores among individuals influenced by education level, residency, livestock contact, disease history, and animal interactions. In this study, a significant direct correlation was found between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.12, p < 0.001), knowledge and practice (r = 0.08, p < 0.001), as well as attitude and practice (r = 0.34, p < 0.001). Research in Ardabil province shows that increasing awareness and training for youth on disease prevention and control can significantly enhance livestock disease management. The county health network should develop a strong educational initiative for livestock farmers and their families to raise awareness about myiasis and encourage proactive measures over time.

Background: Aedes albopictus, known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is among the most important vectors of viral diseases such as dengue fever, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever worldwide. The mosquito spreads quickly to new places due to its high level of adaptability in any setting and could be extremely dangerous ...

Background and Aims: Common diseases between humans and animals are one of the health problems of countries, which requires targeted intervention. The intervention mapping model provides guidance for choosing the most appropriate methods and applications. Since one of the most important challenges in the endemic areas of Iran is the control of brucellosis. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the intervention mapping model and its steps to design interventions to prevent this disease. Methods: In this research, the practical steps of the Brucellosis prevention intervention were carried out with the intervention mapping approach in six steps from July 2023 to December 2023. In the first step, needs assessment was done through literature review, semi‐structured in‐depth interview and checklist. In the second step, the matrix of change objectives was designed. After selecting intervention methods based on theory and practical applications, and producing program components and materials, the intervention was implemented and evaluated. Results: Intervention mapping helped us in designing and implementing the brucellosis control educational program with the participation of participants, specifying the definition of results, performance goals and determinants, theoretical methods, practical applications, intervention design, implementation and step‐by‐step evaluation. Conclusion: The intervention mapping approach ensures the transparency of all intervention components and it provides a useful approach for developing behavior change interventions.

Background: Water quality is usually measured using various indicators based on physical, chemical and biological parameters. By using the biological index that is based on the identification of the arthropod families, it is possible to make a logical judgment about the ecosystem condition. The aim of this study was measuring correlation coefficients between qualitative and biological Indices. Methods: Water samples were collected 27 samples in northwest of Iran and aquatic insects’ samples 54 in 2019. The NSFWQI and IRWQISC as the most important indices of physical and chemical quality of water ranged from 54.45–76.21 and from 41.32 to 77.40, respectively. Results: A total of 2,953 aquatic insects were collected, and biological Index ranged from 6.26 to 3.38. It can be stated that increasing in the concentration of pollutants in the source and end of the river could lead to a sharp decrease in bio­logical index. IRWQISC index, the effluent stations of fish farms can fit into ‘fairly bad quality’ and ‘moderate quality’ categories. Conclusion: The linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the Hilsenhoff biological Index and the physiochemical parameters of pH, DO (Dissolved Oxygen) and total dissolved solids. The activity of fish farms and discharging their effluents into water sources, can change the physical, chemical and biological parameters of re­ceiving waters, therefore it is recommended that the location of these units be reviewed and also the appropriate treat­ment for such effluents should be considered, so that the health risks caused by them can be effectively reduced.