Carolina Moraes

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de sombreamento no crescimento inicial de mudas de Ocotea porosa. Métodos: O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos de sombreamento (controle a pleno sol, 30%, 50% e 70%). Aos 12 meses, avaliaram-se a altura total e o diâmetro do coleto das mudas, submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e ao cálculo do tamanho de efeito (ômega ao quadrado). Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos no diâmetro do coleto (média geral de 3,6 mm) nem na altura das mudas (média geral de 21,5 cm), com tamanhos de efeito classificados como baixo e nulo, respectivamente. Conclusão: Mudas de Ocotea porosa toleram diferentes níveis de sombreamento na fase inicial de desenvolvimento, sem comprometimento do crescimento, atingindo dimensões adequadas para a expedição a campo. Recomendam-se estudos futuros com maior avaliação de variáveis morfológicas e fisiológicas complementares.

Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis e de Acca sellowiana em diferentes substratos. Métodos: O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos: um controle e quatro contendo diferentes proporções de rejeito alimentício de aves misturado à serragem. Foram avaliados as taxas de mortalidade, o número de folhas, a altura e outros parâmetros de crescimento. Resultados: para a erva-mate, os tratamentos com maiores proporções de rejeito promoveram melhor desenvolvimento das mudas, enquanto, para a goiaba-serrana, a menor proporção apresentou os melhores resultados, evidenciando respostas distintas entre as espécies quanto ao uso do resíduo como componente do substrato. Conclusão: O rejeito alimentício pode ser usado como componente de substratos para mudas, oferecendo uma alternativa sustentável aos resíduos agroindustriais. Sua eficiência varia com a espécie e a proporção usada.

Objetivo: Avaliar a variação biométrica de sementes e o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Araucaria angustifolia provenientes de diferentes matrizes e localidades do Planalto Sul Catarinense. Métodos: O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, avaliando separadamente quatro locais de coleta e quatro matrizes por localidade. Foram avaliados o comprimento, a largura, a espessura, a massa, a germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes, além da altura, do diâmetro do coleto e das massas secas da parte aérea e das raízes das plântulas. Resultados: As características biométricas das sementes diferiram entre matrizes, mas não entre localidades. A germinação foi influenciada pelas localidades e pelas matrizes, enquanto o índice de velocidade de germinação variou apenas entre localidades. O desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas apresentou diferenças significativas entre matrizes, sem efeito consistente das localidades. As análises de correlação evidenciaram associação forte apenas entre largura e espessura das sementes, enquanto as demais características biométricas apresentaram baixa associação com a germinação, o vigor e o crescimento inicial das plântulas. Conclusão: A biometria das sementes de A. angustifolia reflete principalmente a variabilidade entre matrizes, porém não constitui um indicador confiável do potencial germinativo ou do desempenho inicial das plântulas quando analisada isoladamente. Assim, a seleção de matrizes para conservação e produção de mudas deve considerar, além dos atributos biométricos, avaliações fisiológicas e de desempenho das progênies.

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de doses de fertilizante de liberação controlada (FLC) e do uso de bokashi no crescimento inicial de mudas de Eugenia involucrata. Métodos: O experimento utilizou plântulas da espécie, transplantadas para tubetes de 180 cm3 contendo substrato comercial adicionado de cinco tratamentos da combinação entre FLC (0, 3 e 6 g L-1) e bokashi (0, 15 e 30%). Após 60 dias da instalação do experimento, avaliou-se a sobrevivência (%) das plântulas, bem como o incremento de altura (cm) e o diâmetro do coleto (mm). Resultados: Observou-se efeito significativo dos tratamentos apenas no incremento de altura. A sobrevivência média permaneceu em 91% e o diâmetro do coleto em 1,26 mm. Já para a altura, os tratamentos com adição de FLC apresentaram melhor desempenho, com ganhos de até 2 cm. Conclusão: Recomenda-se o uso de apenas 6 g L-1 de FLC para favorecer o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de Eugenia involucrata.

Background: Epicormic sprouting represents a promising strategy for vegetative rescue and propagation of mature trees; however, factors influencing sprout productivity and viability remain insufficiently understood for Ilex paraguariensis. This study evaluated the epicormic sprouting potential of detached branches according to disposition sense (horizontal and vertical) and branch diameter (thin and thick), as well as the adventitious rooting performance of cuttings derived from epicormic and canopy sprouts. Detached branches were maintained under controlled mini-tunnel conditions and assessed over a 120-day period for survival, sprouting percentage, number of sprouts and sprout length. Subsequently, cuttings from both material sources were evaluated for survival, callus formation, rooting and sprout development. Results: Disposition sense was the main factor influencing sprouting dynamics. Vertically disposed branches exhibited faster initial sprouting but reduced longevity, whereas horizontally disposed branches showed slower development combined with extended survival. Branch diameter had secondary effects, mainly influencing early sprouting responses. Epicormic cuttings presented lower survival compared to canopy-derived material; however, rooting percentages were statistically similar between sources. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that detached branches constitute a viable ex situ source of epicormic sprouts, allowing flexible management strategies depending on production goals. Nevertheless, improvements in environmental conditions and propagule physiological status may be required to enhance survival in vegetative propagation. Overall, detached branches represent a promising alternative for the propagation and conservation of I. paraguariensis, supporting clonal propagation programs while minimizing damage to the selected trees.

This paper examines the intersection of socio-legal research and activism through my ethnographic work with the Tulipas do Cerrado collective, a group of sex workers in Brazil. It explores the dynamics of knowledge production and the transformative potential of collaborative research that prioritises the reflections and experiences of marginalised communities while recognising the importance of legal expertise. Drawing on the concepts of ‘whoring the knowledge’ and ‘whoring the law’, the article highlights how sex workers reclaim their narratives and creatively navigate legal frameworks, demanding that researchers enhance both academic and activist relevance of their endeavours. First, I discuss relevant literature on ethnography within sex workers’ activism, introducing recent key studies on Brazilian sex work as examples of having the knowledge whored. Then, I detail the ethnographic approach employed in my research, which was inspired by the preceding three studies. Ultimately, the work analyses how reciprocal engagement between sex work activists and scholars is a consequence of a demand that researchers adopt a bolder and more creative way of thinking and living. Furthermore, from a socio-legal perspective, these exchanges present an opportunity to rethink the role of law within these communities and to foster concrete social transformation. I propose the concept of ‘whoring’ the law, suggesting that both activists and socio-legal scholars can identify and build new pathways for dealing with the law.

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a commercial organic fertilizer and substrate conditioners on the production of Eucalyptus benthamii seedlings. Two experiments were conducted with different doses of organic fertilizer (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg m⁻³) and levels of hydrogel (0 and 3 kg m⁻³) and biochar (0 and 30%). In each experiment, plots were divided into two subplots, with one subplot receiving topdressing with mineral fertilizers. At the end of each experimental period, quality, root morphology, and physiological characteristics of the seedlings were assessed. When only the organic fertilizer was applied with substrate conditioners, seedlings exhibited limited growth, averaging 5.02 cm in height and 0.81 mm in stem diameter. Topdressing fertilization combined with higher organic fertilizer doses (20–25 kg m⁻³) enhanced key traits, such as height (up to 24.15 cm) and stem diameter (up to 2.39 mm). Hydrogel and biochar often reduced seedling quality and root development. Some interactions between factors affected certain root variables, but physiological characteristics remained largely unaffected. Overall, even when combined with a substrate conditioner, the commercial organic fertilizer is insufficient to produce high-quality seedlings. Neither hydrogel nor biochar is recommended under our experimental conditions. However, the commercial organic fertilizer shows potential when used with mineral fertilizers and further should be conducted to explore this possibility.

Eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil benefits from techniques such as mini cutting; however, adverse climatic conditions in the southern region of the country limit seedling production. This study evaluated the effects of LED lighting (blue, red, combined, and natural) and cultivation environments (greenhouse with and without heating, and conventional nursery) on the propagation of Eucalyptus dunnii. The experiment, conducted in Otacílio Costa, SC, followed a two-factor (4 × 4) design with biweekly data collection from March to September 2024. Variables analyzed included sprout productivity, rooting performance, phytosanitary status (powdery mildew incidence), physiological parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration), and nutritional content. The results showed that LED lighting and cultivation environments did not affect the incidence of powdery mildew. Rooting was enhanced during winter in the heated mini-tunnel system. Sprout productivity was highest in the mini tunnel (~360 sprouts/m² under red light in winter), while heated environments led to a reduction in sprout production. Physiological variables such as photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were improved in the heated mini-tunnel, and transpiration responded to the interaction between light spectrum and environment. The evaluated factors did not cause significant changes in the nutritional profile of the mini stumps. It is concluded that the mini tunnel, particularly when heated during winter, enhances rooting and physiological responses, while red LED light increases sprout productivity. Supplemental LED lighting proved to be a strategic tool for overcoming seasonal limitations in Eucalyptus propagation.

Given the ecological significance and potential for afforestation and carbon sequestration of these species, this study contributes to optimizing nursery practices for successful regeneration and conservation efforts. Thus, this research assessed the physical and physiological seed quality and seedling production of Sequoia sempervirens, Sequoiadendron giganteum, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. For seed characteristics the following were tested: (I) Tetrazolium at concentrations: 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%; (II) moisture content and thousand-seed weight; (III) in-lab germination; and (IV) the classification of seeds’ viability through the use of a seed blower. Meanwhile, seedling production was tested: (I) five compositions of substrates and (II) doses of a controlled-release fertilizer (14-14-14): 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 g L⁻¹, for S. giganteum. The seed evaluations revealed no significant effect of tetrazolium concentrations on determining their viability. The water content results classify all species as orthodox. All species’ seeds were classified as small according to the weight of a thousand seeds. A maximum of 41% germination was observed for both S. sempervirens and S. giganteum, this value was 56% for P. menziesii, attributed to non-viability and emptiness. The seed blower increased germination by more than 20% for S. giganteum and almost 40% for P. menziesii. Seedling production was affected by the substrates, and a dosage of 4.0 g L⁻¹ of the controlled-release fertilizer is recommended for S. giganteum.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydrogel on the planting of clonal Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings in pots, related to different water management, to provide information about the hydrogel use efficiency. The experiment was carried out in a forest nursery in a factorial scheme, as factor "A" referred to the absence and presence of hydrogel and factor "B" to water management (0 - irrigation only at planting, 1 - daily, 4 - every 4 days, and 8 - every 8 days). Evaluations of the water stress symptomatology, morphological characteristics, chlorophyll content, soil water content, gas exchange, increase in diameter and height, and dry biomass were performed. The hydrogel provided an increase in water content in the soil and a delay in the symptoms of water stress, increasing the survival rate. Water stress was a limiting factor for stomatal opening, contributing to the decrease in carbon assimilation by photosynthesis.