Kseniia Verhal

The digital revolution and Industry 4.0 have significantly integrated information technology across economic sectors, driving rapid digitalization and economic transformation. However, this advancement also heightens cybersecurity risks, making national economies more vulnerable to cyber threats. Addressing these risks is essential for maintaining economic stability and safeguarding sensitive information. This study employs cluster analysis to assess cybersecurity and digital development levels at the national level. Using the National Cybersecurity Index (NCSI) and Digital Development Level (DDL) as key indicators, the k-means clustering algorithm was applied to categorize 71 countries into three clusters. The Elbow and Silhouette methods were used to determine the optimal number of clusters. The results identified three clusters with distinct cybersecurity preparedness: (1) high cybersecurity maturity (e.g., Moldova), (2) low cybersecurity preparedness (e.g., Libya), and (3) moderate cybersecurity development (e.g., Saudi Arabia). Countries in the highest cluster exhibit advanced cybersecurity strategies and well-established regulatory frameworks. In contrast, nations in the lower cluster face significant vulnerabilities due to weak regulations and limited cyber defense mechanisms. The findings emphasize the need for continuous cybersecurity enhancements, particularly in digitally emerging economies, to mitigate cyber threats and enhance national security.

Analysis, evaluate and forecast the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and Japan. Studies of scientific problems related to the intensification of Ukrainian-Japanese cooperation in the foreign economic sphere were carried out using critical and scientific analysis, methods of scientific generalization and systematization, induction and deduction. To predict the volume of exports of domestic products to Japan, the following adaptive methods for forecasting: Holt model, Holt-Muir model were used. Since there are significant fluctuations in the series of dynamics (imports volume), we revealed abnormal values of the series. To detect anomalous values of the series, the Irwin method is used. The obtained results made it possible to draw a conclusion about the existing trends of further growth in the volume of export and import of industrial goods between Ukraine and Japan despite the conditions of the war. The analysis and forecast of exports to Japan indicate not only the aggressiveness of international marketing of Japanese entrepreneurs but also reflects the shortcomings of Ukrainian business - cannot or does not want to focus on the production and export of labor-intensive industrial products with higher value added. Despite the localization of active hostilities, Ukraine's economic prospects remain extremely uncertain and depend on the duration of the war. In general, in order to support the export of traditional industrial goods (metal products. machinery and chemical products) to Japan, Ukraine needs to create an effective state policy of innovative development of domestic industry. The adaptive forecasting models presented in the article reproduce the dynamics of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and Japan. Unlike the existing ones, they are the most adequate forecasting tool in conditions of limited information and uncertainty. The results of the research presented in this work can be applied in practice for the analysis, evaluation and forecast of the development of foreign economic relations between the countries of the world.

This article examines the impact of the digital economy and digital transformation on business development of the enterprises. Given the active implementation of information and communication technologies, social networks, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and rapid economic development, companies can not stay out of progress, and are forced to change business practices, implement digitalization, automate processes. The aim of the article is to study the benefits and directions of the impact of digital technologies on business structures. To achieve this goal, a review of the scientific literature and reports of international companies that studied the impact of IT technologies on enterprises was conducted. It is established that the concepts of digital economy and digital transformation do not have a well-established definition at this time. The business goals that the company plans to achieve in the process of digitalization are systematized. The article identifies the areas of focus in digital transformation. The article systemizes the goals of digital transformation, which are carried out in the direction of changing the strategy, the transformation of business processes, the introduction of intelligent systems and cloud technologies, the transfer of employees to remote working conditions. It is determined that despite the advantages, information technologies as components of digital transformation require significant investment costs.

It was ascertained that the global status of a country is determined by a set of its characteristics as an entity of international relations identifying the place it occupies among other countries over a certain historical period of time. The global status is defined as the relative position of countries in the system of international relations. The main factors that determine the global status of countries are economic development; achievements in science, technology and innovation; development of social spheres (health care, education, social protection); the outcome of distributing and exercising power within the state (domestic policy) as well as between states (foreign policy); the effectiveness of institutions; and governance efficiency in the field of environmental management. It is proved that the global status of countries depends primarily on how effectively each of its spheres functions in terms of the interests of society’s development. At the same time, it depends on the synergistic effect — the coordinated action of all components of the socio-natural system (aggregate endogenous factor) and the degree of the country inclusion in the system of modern international relations, which is largely due to globalisation (exogenous factor). It is stated that the country’s acquisition of a different global status compared to the previous one reflects the status dynamics. That means a change in the roles played by countries in the system of international relations, i.e. the process of transforming their behavior on the world stage. These starting points of the study of the place and role of individual countries in the modern globalized world became the basis for the analysis of Ukraine’s position (by areas of activity and in general). The global status of Ukraine is defined and interpreted through correlation with the criteria derived from the theory of world-system analysis. Based on these methodological principles, modern problems have been identified and the possibility of further development of Ukraine has been assessed. Keywords: world economy, global status of countries, problems and contradictions of social development, socio-natural system, globalisation. JEL Classification B41, F62, F63, F64, F68 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 27.

The article examines the vector and structural changes in the modern world, caused by exogenous and endogenous factors and identified on the basis of determining the countries status taking into account the processes of changing their positions according to the group affiliation (hegemonic countries, applicant countries, «third world» countries, as well as other countries which gravitate to the world vanguard or rearguard ones). The proposed methodology of research into the countries global status is based on a comprehensive approach to the analysis of socio-natural systems, presented as a combination of economic, political, innovative, social and spiritual spheres, as well as the sphere of functioning of institutions and the sphere of human interaction with nature. The k-means clustering and the fuzzy logic apparatus were used to find out the vector and structural changes taking place in a globalized society. The analysis is based on processing the country data by the following indicators: the KOF Globalization Index, the Legatum Prosperity Index, the Global Competitiveness Index, the Global Innovation Index, the Human Development Index, the Fragile States Index, and the Environmental Performance Index (2009—2018). They were selected as the attributes, the set of which allows to distinguish clusters. The countries were clustered according to the components of their socio-natural systems. According to the Index of Global Status of Countries, the place that belongs to the subjects of international relations was estimated and their status was identified. On this basis, the differences in the development of the countries were detected. Significant differences in the positioning of states in the globalized world were objectified. The conditions of the formation of countries global status and the causes of the status dynamics were revealed. The fact of asymmetry, polarization and inequality progression was proved. It was demonstrated that the study of vector and structural changes occurring in the world economic system and globalized society extends the scientific notion about the present day systemic contradiction of the post-industrial and post-capitalist eras of the globalized world being formed.

Investment projects are characterized by a substantial degree of uncertainty, weak predictability of environmental parameters and risks. Therefore, the risk management system is an important component of effective business planning, related to safety and financial integrity of an enterprise, and risk assessment is an important part of the project management. According to the steps of risk assessment trade enterprises require the identification of external and internal risks that may affect the effectiveness of their investment project. In this article is proposed to take into account the presence of specific risks for different phases of the project life cycle, the risks of trade enterprises, as well as the existence of risks arising from industry specifics. It is proposed to identify the risk by subgroups: risks accompanying the investment project; risks of a trading company; industry risks; macro-level risks; global risks. It is determined that external risks are characterized by such management methods as identification, forecasting, monitoring and accounting of risks; internal risks – prevention, transfer and reduction of risks. According to the selected subgroups, the risks that are characteristic of investment projects of commercial enterprises are identified. Depending on the subgroup, it is proposed to use the appropriate information and methodological support. The main global risks in the world in 2019 are analyzed. It is established that the main global risks in the world are environmental and threats caused by the development of information technology. It is determined the biggest risks Ukraine – the lack of qualified personnel, regulatory risk, operational risk, the risk associated with new/subversive technologies. It is concluded that there are differences in determining the greatest risks in the activities of economic entities in Ukraine and the world. Sectoral risks and their impact on the investment activities of commercial enterprises (economic, regulatory, institutional, political, and environmental) are identified. The internal risks influencing realization of the investment project of the trading enterprise (information, administrative, financial, marketing, logistic, technological, ecological, personnel) are revealed.

Conditions of functioning of enterprises in the agrarian sector have been analyzed. It has been proved that cooperation and integration are a basis for the development of the agro-industrial complex. Necessity of developing the models of forming and managing integration processes of enterprises of the agrarian sphere has been substantiated. The use of a multiagent approach to the study of agricultural servicing cooperatives has been proposed. The developed models of social and economic systems can serve as a tool for their optimization. Such indicators as stability of the system, competitive reliability have been used. Approaches to determining the optimal potential of the system, strategies for its management have been substantiated. Based on these approaches, a model of the optimal policy for updating equipment has been determined