Gabriela Manuela Vélez-Rubio
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Research Subjects
Gabriela Manuela Vélez-Rubio has a total of 350 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Jesús Tomás
Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
8 shared publications Alejandro Fallabrino
5 shared publicationsAndrés Estrades
5 shared publicationsA. Carranza
3 shared publications- Carla Kruk
Universidad de la República
3 shared publications D. González-Paredes
Karumbé NGO, Montevideo, Uruguay
3 shared publications
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 28 May 2026
- Published by Springer Nature in Marine Biology
- Vol. 173 (7) , 110
Patterns of resource use in loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO) is an important feeding and developmental area for loggerhead turtle ( Caretta caretta ). However, long-term patterns of resource use across life stages and sexes remain poorly understood for the species in this region. Here, we used stable isotope analysis (SIA) of sequential layers of carapace scutes to investigate resource use of loggerhead turtles in the SWAO across life stages and sexes. Scute samples were collected from 42 individuals stranded or incidentally caught by pelagic longline and bottom pair trawl fishery in southern Brazil and Uruguay (from 31º21′S–51º05′W to 34º55′S–56º09′W), between 2013 and 2024. Cluster analysis based on δ¹⁵N values revealed two distinct groups, corresponding to oceanic and neritic foraging habitats, whereas linear mixed models indicated ontogenetic increases in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values consistent with habitat shifts. Significant differences between sexes were observed only for δ¹³C values. Bayesian mixing models (MixSIAR) were used to estimate prey contributions to the diet, based on isotopic values from the literature, revealing a dominance of pelagic prey in oceanic non-shifters and of benthic invertebrates in neritic non-shifters. Shifters showed a transition from oceanic to neritic habitats, with a dietary shift from pelagic to benthic prey, reflecting two main ontogenetic shift patterns: discrete and facultative. Our results enhance the understanding of life-history variation in loggerhead turtles and highlight that sequential analysis of carapace scutes is a valuable tool for reconstructing long-term resource use patterns, providing a broader view of the ecology of this long-lived and endangered species.
- 28 May 2026
- Published by Springer Nature in Marine Biology
- Vol. 173 (7) , 110
Open AccessPatterns of resource use in loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
The Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO) is an important feeding and developmental area for loggerhead turtle ( Caretta caretta ). However, long-term patterns of resource use across life stages and sexes remain poorly understood for the species in this region. Here, we used stable isotope analysis (SIA) of sequential layers of carapace scutes to investigate resource use of loggerhead turtles in the SWAO across life stages and sexes. Scute samples were collected from 42 individuals stranded or incidentally caught by pelagic longline and bottom pair trawl fishery in southern Brazil and Uruguay (from 31º21′S–51º05′W to 34º55′S–56º09′W), between 2013 and 2024. Cluster analysis based on δ¹⁵N values revealed two distinct groups, corresponding to oceanic and neritic foraging habitats, whereas linear mixed models indicated ontogenetic increases in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values consistent with habitat shifts. Significant differences between sexes were observed only for δ¹³C values. Bayesian mixing models (MixSIAR) were used to estimate prey contributions to the diet, based on isotopic values from the literature, revealing a dominance of pelagic prey in oceanic non-shifters and of benthic invertebrates in neritic non-shifters. Shifters showed a transition from oceanic to neritic habitats, with a dietary shift from pelagic to benthic prey, reflecting two main ontogenetic shift patterns: discrete and facultative. Our results enhance the understanding of life-history variation in loggerhead turtles and highlight that sequential analysis of carapace scutes is a valuable tool for reconstructing long-term resource use patterns, providing a broader view of the ecology of this long-lived and endangered species.
- Open Access
- 8 May 2026
- Published by Elsevier in SSRN Electronic Journal
Extreme value theory and machine learning for characterization and prediction of sea level in the Southwest Atlantic Coast (Uruguay; 33°S)
Understanding Sea level height (SLH) variability and its drivers is of utmost ecological and societal importance. SLH variation in the subtropical Southwest Atlantic (33°S) is driven by astronomical tides (microtidal system) and meteorological forcing. High-resolution measurements allow a finer characterization and the development of accurate predictive models. Here, we analyzed two and a half years of 5-minutal tide gauge and meteorological data to 1) characterize tidal dynamics through harmonic analysis, 2) characterize extreme SLH events using Extreme Value Theory (EVT), and 3) develop a machine learning (ML) model for SLH forecasting based on meteorological variables. Using two complementary EVT methods, block maxima and peaks over threshold (POT), we characterized wind and SLH distributions and explored return times and return levels. Gumbel distribution fitted SLH extreme data with return levels for 5 years of 2.49 m. Using lagged wind and SLH vectors we trained and validated a Random Forest algorithm that yielded a relatively low error (RMSE = 11 cm on independent test data). The bounded and thin-tailed distributions suggest that large deviations of extreme SLH and wind are not expected. Wind induced components yield important insights for the short-term prediction of SLH change, identifying wind direction and intensity as relevant variables. We provide a first EVT and ML-based SLH analysis in this region, highlighting the importance of meteorological forcing on SLH variability in the study area and offering a data-driven framework for local forecasting and coastal management.
- 8 May 2026
- Published by Elsevier in SSRN Electronic Journal
Open AccessExtreme value theory and machine learning for characterization and prediction of sea level in the Southwest Atlantic Coast (Uruguay; 33°S)
Understanding Sea level height (SLH) variability and its drivers is of utmost ecological and societal importance. SLH variation in the subtropical Southwest Atlantic (33°S) is driven by astronomical tides (microtidal system) and meteorological forcing. High-resolution measurements allow a finer characterization and the development of accurate predictive models. Here, we analyzed two and a half years of 5-minutal tide gauge and meteorological data to 1) characterize tidal dynamics through harmonic analysis, 2) characterize extreme SLH events using Extreme Value Theory (EVT), and 3) develop a machine learning (ML) model for SLH forecasting based on meteorological variables. Using two complementary EVT methods, block maxima and peaks over threshold (POT), we characterized wind and SLH distributions and explored return times and return levels. Gumbel distribution fitted SLH extreme data with return levels for 5 years of 2.49 m. Using lagged wind and SLH vectors we trained and validated a Random Forest algorithm that yielded a relatively low error (RMSE = 11 cm on independent test data). The bounded and thin-tailed distributions suggest that large deviations of extreme SLH and wind are not expected. Wind induced components yield important insights for the short-term prediction of SLH change, identifying wind direction and intensity as relevant variables. We provide a first EVT and ML-based SLH analysis in this region, highlighting the importance of meteorological forcing on SLH variability in the study area and offering a data-driven framework for local forecasting and coastal management.
- 13 January 2026
- Published by Springer Nature in Marine Biology
- Vol. 173 (2) , 25
Population dynamics of the green turtle Chelonia mydas in their southern distribution in the Western Atlantic ocean
- 13 January 2026
- Published by Springer Nature in Marine Biology
- Vol. 173 (2) , 25
Population dynamics of the green turtle Chelonia mydas in their southern distribution in the Western Atlantic ocean
- 1 October 2025
- Published by Springer Nature
- p. 369-383
Two Robust Statistical Methods for Describing Textures in Noisy Images
- 1 October 2025
- Published by Springer Nature
- p. 369-383
Two Robust Statistical Methods for Describing Textures in Noisy Images
- Open Access
- 4 September 2025
- Published by Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia in Ecología Austral
Mujeres en las ciencias del mar y la ecología acuática en Uruguay
La diversidad de miradas y aproximaciones a un mismo problema resulta en mayores alternativas para su solución. Esto es especialmente relevante en el ámbito de la ciencia y la innovación tecnológica, en el que a las mujeres se las reconoce por promover el trabajo y la interdisciplina con más fuerza que los varones. Pero las contribuciones de las mujeres son invisibilizadas, su avance en la carrera académica es afectado y sufren situaciones en el ambiente laboral que afectan su salud. Entre las áreas con mayor sesgo desfavorable a las mujeres se encuentran las ciencias del mar y la ecología acuática. Para mejorar esta situación es fundamental visibilizar y discutir estas temáticas para también contribuir a la diversidad del pensamiento. En este marco, nuestro objetivo fue investigar sobre distintos aspectos del rol de la mujer en estos espacios y contribuir a eliminar sesgos de género. Para ello, realizamos un cuestionario sobre la brecha de género y su percepción en las ciencias del mar y la ecología acuática en Uruguay, analizando también la relación con las tareas de cuidados y las formas de discriminación. La consulta incluyó a participantes de distintos géneros. Los resultados evidencian la brecha de género durante la formación académica y en el acceso a cargos; en especial, a los más altos. Se identificaron diversas formas de violencia sobre las mujeres. Sin embargo, la discriminación fue percibida como ajena en el ámbito de trabajo propio y no siempre como relevante, sobre todo por los varones. Estos resultados coinciden con la estereotipificación que históricamente han sufrido las mujeres trabajando en ciencias en general, y en ciencias del mar y ecología en particular. Planteamos que es fundamental generar cambios en los paradigmas para promover una cultura científica inclusiva y cooperativa, y la coexistencia de diversidad de enfoques.
- 4 September 2025
- Published by Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia in Ecología Austral
Open AccessMujeres en las ciencias del mar y la ecología acuática en Uruguay
La diversidad de miradas y aproximaciones a un mismo problema resulta en mayores alternativas para su solución. Esto es especialmente relevante en el ámbito de la ciencia y la innovación tecnológica, en el que a las mujeres se las reconoce por promover el trabajo y la interdisciplina con más fuerza que los varones. Pero las contribuciones de las mujeres son invisibilizadas, su avance en la carrera académica es afectado y sufren situaciones en el ambiente laboral que afectan su salud. Entre las áreas con mayor sesgo desfavorable a las mujeres se encuentran las ciencias del mar y la ecología acuática. Para mejorar esta situación es fundamental visibilizar y discutir estas temáticas para también contribuir a la diversidad del pensamiento. En este marco, nuestro objetivo fue investigar sobre distintos aspectos del rol de la mujer en estos espacios y contribuir a eliminar sesgos de género. Para ello, realizamos un cuestionario sobre la brecha de género y su percepción en las ciencias del mar y la ecología acuática en Uruguay, analizando también la relación con las tareas de cuidados y las formas de discriminación. La consulta incluyó a participantes de distintos géneros. Los resultados evidencian la brecha de género durante la formación académica y en el acceso a cargos; en especial, a los más altos. Se identificaron diversas formas de violencia sobre las mujeres. Sin embargo, la discriminación fue percibida como ajena en el ámbito de trabajo propio y no siempre como relevante, sobre todo por los varones. Estos resultados coinciden con la estereotipificación que históricamente han sufrido las mujeres trabajando en ciencias en general, y en ciencias del mar y ecología en particular. Planteamos que es fundamental generar cambios en los paradigmas para promover una cultura científica inclusiva y cooperativa, y la coexistencia de diversidad de enfoques.
- 2 June 2025
- Published by Springer Nature in Marine Biology
- Vol. 172 (7) , 1-18
Genetic diversity, population structure and natal origins of the Olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
- 2 June 2025
- Published by Springer Nature in Marine Biology
- Vol. 172 (7) , 1-18
Genetic diversity, population structure and natal origins of the Olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
- Open Access
Natal Origin and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Strandings at a Foraging Hotspot in Temperate Waters of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Leatherback turtles migrate long distances between nesting beaches and distant foraging areas worldwide. This study analyzes the genetic diversity, life history stage, spatiotemporal distribution, and associated threats of a foraging aggregation in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. A total of 242 leatherbacks stranded or bycaught by artisanal fisheries were recorded from 1997 to 2021 in Uruguay, with sizes ranging from 110.0 to 170.0 cm carapace lengths, indicating that the aggregation is composed of large juveniles and adults. Results of Bayesian mixed-stock analysis show that leatherbacks come primarily from the West African rookeries, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences obtained from 59 of the turtles representing seven haplotypes, including a novel one (Dc1.7). The main threat identified in the area is the fisheries bycatch but most of the carcasses observed were badly decomposed. There was significant seasonal and interannual variability in strandings that is likely associated with the availability of prey and the intensity of the fishing effort. Taken together, these findings reinforce the importance of these South American foraging areas for leatherbacks and the need to determine regional habitat use and migratory routes across the broader Atlantic region, in order to develop effective conservation measures to mitigate threats both at nesting beaches and foraging areas.
Open AccessNatal Origin and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Strandings at a Foraging Hotspot in Temperate Waters of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Leatherback turtles migrate long distances between nesting beaches and distant foraging areas worldwide. This study analyzes the genetic diversity, life history stage, spatiotemporal distribution, and associated threats of a foraging aggregation in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. A total of 242 leatherbacks stranded or bycaught by artisanal fisheries were recorded from 1997 to 2021 in Uruguay, with sizes ranging from 110.0 to 170.0 cm carapace lengths, indicating that the aggregation is composed of large juveniles and adults. Results of Bayesian mixed-stock analysis show that leatherbacks come primarily from the West African rookeries, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences obtained from 59 of the turtles representing seven haplotypes, including a novel one (Dc1.7). The main threat identified in the area is the fisheries bycatch but most of the carcasses observed were badly decomposed. There was significant seasonal and interannual variability in strandings that is likely associated with the availability of prey and the intensity of the fishing effort. Taken together, these findings reinforce the importance of these South American foraging areas for leatherbacks and the need to determine regional habitat use and migratory routes across the broader Atlantic region, in order to develop effective conservation measures to mitigate threats both at nesting beaches and foraging areas.
- 14 December 2022
- Published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH in Amphibia-Reptilia
- Vol. 44 (1) , 45-58
To tag ornot to tag: comparative performance of tagging and photo-identification in a long-term mark-recapture of Juvenile Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods are widely used to estimate population parameters and to collect data on animal demography, migration, and life history. Sea turtle research programs generally use artificial tags, an invasive method. Photo-identification (PID) methods have become an important tool for animal identification. Herein, we assessed the effectiveness of a PID method for marking green turtles (Chelonia mydas) compared to traditional methods (artificial tags). As a part of a long-term CMR study, green turtles have been tagged and photographed since 2001. We analyzed 1917 captures with left and right side photographs of tagged turtles using Wild-ID software, these results were compared with tag-recapture data to assess error rates (false positives and negatives), and different effectiveness metrics. A combination of PID and tags (a match from either method was considered a recapture) was the most error-free and efficient criterion for identification of recaptures; however, it was the most time consuming and invasive criterion as well. We also assessed the effect of image quality indicators on the error rates of PID. We found that turtle cleanliness increases the similarity of images (indirectly related to false negatives), but we found no effect of sharpness, angle, light condition, or width and height in pixels of images on error rates. We could conclude that if image quality is improved, tags could be substituted by PID. However, we strongly recommend researchers to consider local situations (occurrence of by-catch or stranded dead turtles, for which tags are still necessary) before deciding to apply only PID.
- 14 December 2022
- Published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH in Amphibia-Reptilia
- Vol. 44 (1) , 45-58
To tag ornot to tag: comparative performance of tagging and photo-identification in a long-term mark-recapture of Juvenile Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods are widely used to estimate population parameters and to collect data on animal demography, migration, and life history. Sea turtle research programs generally use artificial tags, an invasive method. Photo-identification (PID) methods have become an important tool for animal identification. Herein, we assessed the effectiveness of a PID method for marking green turtles (Chelonia mydas) compared to traditional methods (artificial tags). As a part of a long-term CMR study, green turtles have been tagged and photographed since 2001. We analyzed 1917 captures with left and right side photographs of tagged turtles using Wild-ID software, these results were compared with tag-recapture data to assess error rates (false positives and negatives), and different effectiveness metrics. A combination of PID and tags (a match from either method was considered a recapture) was the most error-free and efficient criterion for identification of recaptures; however, it was the most time consuming and invasive criterion as well. We also assessed the effect of image quality indicators on the error rates of PID. We found that turtle cleanliness increases the similarity of images (indirectly related to false negatives), but we found no effect of sharpness, angle, light condition, or width and height in pixels of images on error rates. We could conclude that if image quality is improved, tags could be substituted by PID. However, we strongly recommend researchers to consider local situations (occurrence of by-catch or stranded dead turtles, for which tags are still necessary) before deciding to apply only PID.
- Open Access
- 12 December 2022
- Published by Universidad de la Republica in Integralidad sobre ruedas
- Vol. 8 (1) , 66-94
Espacio de Formación Integral «Mentorías Intergeneracionales»: una estrategia de educación integral y colaborativa
En el ámbito universitario, la extensión y las prácticas integrales son ejes fundamentales de la formación actual. En enseñanza primaria y media el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación y el pensamiento computacional son efectivos en promover el aprendizaje incorporando la creatividad. En esta propuesta combinamos estas aproximaciones en ámbitos de trabajo colaborativo entre estudiantes y docentes, para potenciar los procesos de aprendizaje. Con esta meta, docentes de la Universidad de la República (Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Universitario Regional del Este y Centro Universitario Regional Rivera) junto a docentes del Plan Ceibal generaron un Espacio de Formación Integral (EFI) denominado «Mentorías intergeneracionales». El objetivo fue contribuir a la formación integral de los y las estudiantes universitarios y enriquecer los proyectos de investigación de los estudiantes de educación primaria y media desarrollados en el marco del Programa Ceilab. Estudiantes universitarios actuaron como mentores y mentoras de proyectos de niños, niñas y adolescentes de educación pública participantes del Programa Ceilab con asesoría de los y las docentes. Se abordaron temas vinculados a las ciencias ambientales y patrimoniales, utilizando tecnologías digitales (ej. sensores fisicoquímicos, placas programables Micro:bit). El desarrollo del EFI permitió el intercambio entre estudiantes y docentes universitarios, de educación media y del Plan Ceibal, así como el desarrollo de recursos educativos y diversas actividades emergentes. Se describen aquí los resultados obtenidos, los avances y dificultades, así como las formas de trabajar con ellas. Se incluye el análisis de resultados de cuestionarios realizados a estudiantes y docentes participantes. En términos generales, la experiencia enriqueció a los y las participantes. Los desafíos estuvieron asociados principalmente a la figura de mentor/a y a la dificultad de acompasar las dinámicas de los grupos de niños, niñas y adolescentes.
- 12 December 2022
- Published by Universidad de la Republica in Integralidad sobre ruedas
- Vol. 8 (1) , 66-94
Open AccessEspacio de Formación Integral «Mentorías Intergeneracionales»: una estrategia de educación integral y colaborativa
En el ámbito universitario, la extensión y las prácticas integrales son ejes fundamentales de la formación actual. En enseñanza primaria y media el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación y el pensamiento computacional son efectivos en promover el aprendizaje incorporando la creatividad. En esta propuesta combinamos estas aproximaciones en ámbitos de trabajo colaborativo entre estudiantes y docentes, para potenciar los procesos de aprendizaje. Con esta meta, docentes de la Universidad de la República (Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Universitario Regional del Este y Centro Universitario Regional Rivera) junto a docentes del Plan Ceibal generaron un Espacio de Formación Integral (EFI) denominado «Mentorías intergeneracionales». El objetivo fue contribuir a la formación integral de los y las estudiantes universitarios y enriquecer los proyectos de investigación de los estudiantes de educación primaria y media desarrollados en el marco del Programa Ceilab. Estudiantes universitarios actuaron como mentores y mentoras de proyectos de niños, niñas y adolescentes de educación pública participantes del Programa Ceilab con asesoría de los y las docentes. Se abordaron temas vinculados a las ciencias ambientales y patrimoniales, utilizando tecnologías digitales (ej. sensores fisicoquímicos, placas programables Micro:bit). El desarrollo del EFI permitió el intercambio entre estudiantes y docentes universitarios, de educación media y del Plan Ceibal, así como el desarrollo de recursos educativos y diversas actividades emergentes. Se describen aquí los resultados obtenidos, los avances y dificultades, así como las formas de trabajar con ellas. Se incluye el análisis de resultados de cuestionarios realizados a estudiantes y docentes participantes. En términos generales, la experiencia enriqueció a los y las participantes. Los desafíos estuvieron asociados principalmente a la figura de mentor/a y a la dificultad de acompasar las dinámicas de los grupos de niños, niñas y adolescentes.
- 1 July 2022
- Published by Elsevier
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