Dedi Jusadi

Efficient dietary protein utilization is essential to reduce feed costs and environmental impacts in sustainable aquaculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) supplementation in feed with various energy-to-protein (E:P) ratios on the chemical composition of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The five feed formulas that made up the treatment feed were as follows: 28:13-C0 (28 % Protein with an E:P ratio of 13 and CIN 0 g kg-1); 25:14-C1 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 14 and CIN 1.2 g kg-1); 25:14-C2 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 14 and CIN 1.7 g kg-1); 25:15-C1 (25 % protein with an E:P ratio of 15 and CIN 1.2 g kg-1); and 25:15-C2 (25 % Protein with an E:P ratio of 15 and CIN 1.7 g kg-1). Striped catfish weighing 28.06 ± 0.19 g were placed in a hapa (2 × 1 × 1 m3) at a density of 25 fish per cage. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 60 d. The 25:14-C2, 25:15-C1, and 25:15-C2 diets increased albumin levels and reduced cholesterol, while 25:15-C2 also yielded the highest total protein and lowest triglyceride levels. Growth performance and feed efficiency were comparable among 28:13-C0, 25:14-C2, 25:15-C1, and 25:15-C2 (final weight: 141.62–143.75 g; FCR: 1.16–1.19). Protein efficiency ratio was highest in 25:15-C1 and 25:15-C2, whereas protein retention peaked in 25:14-C2. The hepatosomatic index was elevated in 25:14-C1, 25:14-C2, and 25:15-C1. Body lipid content was highest in 25:15-C1, while muscle lipid content was lowest in 25:14-C2 and 25:15-C1. Reducing dietary protein from 28 % to 25 % did not compromise growth performance at the E:P ratio level of 15 with a supplementation of 1.2 g kg-1 CIN.

This study aims to assess how the humic acid (HA) supplementation in the diet of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) affects the intestinal health of fish when given a diet containing green mussel (Perna viridis) meal contaminated low cadmium (Cd). Five types of test feed, consisting of natural and synthetic humic acid (NHA and SHA), with doses of 0, 0.16% (SHA), 0.16%, 1%, and 2% (NHA). Twenty-five fish (4.18±0.25 g) were kept in an aquarium with a volume of 62 liters of water in a recirculation system for 70 days. The result of the study that green mussel meal can be used as an ingredient in Asian seabass by complementing HA. HA at a concentration of 0.16% in feed affects intestinal health, digestibility, and fish growth. HA helps reduce Cd toxicity by increasing antioxidant levels and reducing malondialdehyd, a biomarker of oxidative stress, in the fish's gut. High NHA supplementation at dosages of 1% and 2% in the diet decreased fish growth. The conclusion was that supplementing 0.16% of HA in the diet could improve intestinal health and growth performance in fish Asian seabass when fed a diet with green mussel meal contaminated Cd as a feed ingredient model. Keywords: cadmium, feed additive, green mussel meal, humic substance.

This research evaluated the effect of taurine-enriched rotifers on the survival and growth of milkfish larvae. Twenty-five fertilized milkfish eggs were placed in a 250 L cylindrical fiber tank. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. Three days old larvae were given rotifers enriched with taurine at 0, 25, 50, or 75 mg/L. Larvae were cultured until they were 18 days old. The results showed that the taurine content in rotifers was higher in rotifer at 50 mg/L treatment, then decreased at the 75 mg/L treatment. Taurine content in the milkfish larvae aligned with taurine levels in rotifers. Furthermore, the taurine content in rotifers affected milkfish larvae' survival and body length. The highest larval survival and growth was obtained in the 50 mg/L taurine treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that taurine at 50 mg/L is the optimal rotifer enrichment dose for milkfish larvae. Keywords: growth, milkfish larvae, notochord, survival rate, taurine ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian rotifera yang diperkaya taurin terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan larva ikan bandeng. Dua puluh lima butir telur ikan bandeng yang telah dibuahi ditempatkan pada tangki fiber berbentuk silinder berukuran 250 L. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Larva berumur tiga hari setelah menetas diberi rotifer yang diperkaya taurin dengan dosis 0, 25, 50, atau 75 mg/L. Larva dipelihara hingga berumur 18 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan taurin pada rotifer tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan rotifer 50 mg/L, kemudian menurun pada perlakuan rotifer 75 mg/L. Kandungan taurin pada larva ikan bandeng sebanding dengan kandungan taurin pada rotifer. Kandungan taurin pada rotifer berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan panjang tubuh larva ikan bandeng. Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan larva tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan dosis 50 mg/L. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian taurin 50 mg/L pada pengayaan rotifer merupakan dosis yang optimal untuk diberikan pada larva ikan bandeng. Kata Kunci: kelangsungan hidup, larva bandeng, notochord, pertumbuhan, taurin

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi glutamin terhadap pertumbuhan dan aktivitas antioksidan pada ikan Torsoro (Tor soro). Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah juvenil ikan dengan berat awal rata-rata 5,21 ± 0,04 g. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri atas suplementasi glutamin bebas dengan dosis yang berbeda (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2%) dan alanil-glutamin (0,84; 1,67; 2,51; dan 3,35%) pada pakan, setiap perlakuan memiliki lima kali ulangan. Perlakuan pakan diberikan tiga kali sehari sekenyangnya. Ikan uji dipelihara selama 60 hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi performa pertumbuhan, pemanfaatan nutrisi, indeks biologis, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan yang disuplementasi glutamin bebas berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap performa pertumbuhan, pemanfaatan nutrisi, indeks biologis, dan aktivitas antioksidan ikan uji. Hasil uji lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi alanil-glutamin dalam pakan sebesar 2,51% memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, retensi protein, rasio efisiensi protein, konversi pakan, rasio viseral somatik, rasio panjang usus, aktivitas superoksida dismutase, glutation peroksidase, dan katalase pada ikan Torsoro. Berdasarkan evaluasi keseluruhan terhadap parameter yang diamati, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi alanil-glutamin dalam pakan pada tingkat 2,51% mampu meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan, pemanfaatan nutrisi, indeks biologis, dan aktivitas antioksidan pada ikan Torsoro.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation on the growth of and antioxidant activity in Torsoro fish (Tor soro). The test fish used were Torsoro fish juveniles with an average initial weight of 5.21 ± 0.04 g. The treatments consisted of different supplementation levels of free glutamine (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2%) and alanyl-glutamine (0.84; 1.67; 2.51; and 3.35%) in feed, where each treatment had five replicates. The feed treatments were given three times a day ad satiation. The experimental fish were reared for 60 days. The parameters observed included growth performance, nutrient utilization, biological indices, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that free glutamine-supplemented feed significantly affects (p<0.05) the growth performance, nutrient utilization, biological indices, and antioxidant activity of the tested fish. Further test results showed that alanyl glutamine supplementation in feed at 2.51% produced the best results on the final weight, specific growth rate, protein retention, protein efficiency ratio, feed conversion, somatic visceral ratio, intestine length ratio, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities of Torsoro fish. Based on the overall achievement of the observed parameters, this study determines that alanyl-glutamine supplementation in feed at 2.51% improves the growth performance, nutrient utilization, biological indices, and antioxidant activity of Torsoro fish.

Upaya untuk mengurangi kadar lemak tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi suplementasi L-karnitin dan tepung kayu manis terhadap kadar lemak dan tekstur daging ikan patin pada fase pembesaran. Ikan patin berukuran 125,4 ± 7,85 g dan panjang 24,71±0,68 cm dipelihara selama 60 hari dalam wadah hapa berukuran 2 x 1 x 1 m3. Ikan diberi pakan tiga kali sehari ad satiation dengan perlakuan, sebagai berikut: kontrol (K), penambahan L-karnitin 1 g kg-1 (LK 1), L-karnitin 2 g kg-1 (LK 2), kayu manis 5 g kg-1 (KM 5), dan kayu manis 10 g kg-1 (KM 10). Sampel diambil pada awal, pertengahan, dan akhir pemeliharaan untuk pengukuran kadar lemak daging. Parameter yang diamati yaitu lemak daging dan tekstur daging. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian KM 10 menghasilkan kadar lemak yang lebih rendah dari perlakuan lainnya setelah 30 hari dan penurunan yang lebih besar yaitu berkisar 51,06% dan 42,55% pada perlakuan LK 2 dan KM 10 pada hari ke-60. Nilai indeks hepatosomatik juga menurun yang diikuti oleh penurunan kadar lemak hati. Nilai kekerasan daging menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas yang terlihat dari nilai yang semakin rendah. Pemberian tepung kayu manis 10 g kg-1 pada fase pembesaran menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada pemberian selama 60 hari dalam menurunkan lemak daging ikan patin hingga memenuhi standar filet, karena adanya proses lipolisis serta pemanfaatan lemak menjadi energi. Kayu manis ini menjadi sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai feed additive dalam upaya memperbaiki kualitas daging ikan patin fase pembesaran.Striped catfish meat has a high-fat content which is undesirable to markets and customers alike and needs to be reduced. This study aims to evaluate the effect of dietary L-carnitine and cinnamon powder on reducing the fat content of striped catfish meat in the grow-out stage. Striped catfish measuring 125.4 ± 7.85 g and 24.71 ± 0.68 cm body length were kept for 60 days in a hapa with size 2 x 1 x 1 m3. Thefish were fed three times a day at satiation with the following treatments: control (K), the addition of L-carnitine 1 g kg-1 (LK 1), L-carnitine 2 g kg-1 (LK 2), cinnamon 5 g kg-1 (KM 5) and cinnamon 10 g kg-1 (KM 10). Sampling was conducted on the initial, middle and final day for meat fat content analysis. The parameters observed were meat fat and meat texture. The results showed that dietary KM 10 significantly reduced meat fat content compared to controls on the 30th and it showed a more significant reduction, namely 51.06% and 42.55%, in the treatment LK 2 and KM 10 after 60 days treatment. The hepatosomatic index value also decreased, followed by decreased liver fat levels. The lower values of meat hardness imply an increase in meat quality. It can be concluded that the application of dietary cinnamon powder at 10 g kg-1 (KM 10) is the best level to reduce the fat content of striped catfish meat in meeting the fillet standards. This cinnamon has excellent potential to be developed as a feed additive to improve the quality of striped catfish meat in the rearing phase.

The study evaluated the effects of diverse cinnamaldehyde (CIN) supplementation doses on the physiological attributes, feed utilization, growth, and body composition of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The study incorporated five doses of CIN supplementation, namely 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g kg⁻¹ feed, with four replicates per group. Commercial extruded isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds with crude protein and gross energy levels of 28.46% ± 0.23% and 3858.70 ± 18.06 kcal kg⁻¹, respectively, were used as test feeds. The initial weight of striped catfish was 5.57 ± 0.02 g, and 30 fish were maintained in each cage (2 × 1 × 1 m³) for 60 days. The results illustrated that the incorporation of CIN into the diet increases amylase and lipase levels and the ability of striped catfish to accumulate glucose, as the glucose tolerance test revealed that CIN 1.0 and 1.5 g kg⁻¹ reduced glucose content to its basal level at 3–4 h postinjection and upregulated the insulin receptor, hexokinase, and hormone-sensitive lipase genes. CIN 1.5 g kg⁻¹ also increased plasma total protein and high-density lipoprotein levels and reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels. CIN 1.0–2.0 g kg⁻¹ increased antioxidant capacity by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. CIN 1.5 g kg⁻¹ was the best treatment for increasing final weight, the specific growth rate, protein retention, and the protein efficiency ratio and for decreasing the feed conversion ratio. CIN additionally increased meat protein and decreased meat and liver lipid content. This study concluded that 1.24 g kg⁻¹ is the optimal CIN dose calculated from the equation Y = − 0.1487x² + 0.3702x + 5.0724 (R² = 0.71) to increase growth and feed efficiency in striped catfish by increasing nonprotein catabolism and exerting antioxidant effects. Graphical abstract

Siganid is better known as rabbit fish. In hatcheries, constraint that is still faced is the low survival, which was assumed to occur because of the timing for initial feeding is not solidly known. This research aimed to examine the best initial feeding time for siganus, based on evaluation on eyes and yolk reserves during the transition. The research was conducted from 24-29 March 2021 in IPUW Barru, South Sulawesi. Larvae were obtained from the second progeny (G2) of domesticated Siganus guttatus. Larvae were reared for 5-6 days without feeding. Evaluated parameters include eyes diameter and yolk reserves. Samples were observed with microscope and will be explained descriptively. Water quality parameters were measured, namely DO, salinity, pH and temperature. Eyes diameter at 6 Hour After Hatching (HAH) ranges between 81.5-128.9 µm, 13 HAH= 125.5-167.7 µm, 24 HAH= 138.2-213.9 µm, two days after hatching 2 Day After Hatching (DAH) = 113.6-193.1 µm, 3 DAH= 163.1-219.2 µm, 4 DAH= 190.4-212.6 µm. Yolk reserves diameter ranged between 137-194µm (6 HAH), 13 HAH= 152-191µm, 24 HAH= 94.0-185µm, 2 DAH= 75.3-99.63µm, 3 DAH= 42.33-87.58µm, 4 DAH= 38.17-55.59µm. After age 5 DAH, there are no larvae found alive (dead). Eyes developed at age 6 HAH and experienced pigmentation at age 24 HAH. Conversely, yolk reserves diameters were getting smaller since age 24 HAH and completely disappear at age 4 DAH. It indicates that eyes effectively see feeds at age 2 DAH. Therefore, initial feeding should be started. The water quality parameters measured were still in normal conditions according to the life of S. guttatus larvae. From this research, it can be concluded that eyes have been well functioned at age 2 DAH and yolk reserves was finished at age 4 DAH. Therefore, the initial feeding should be done at the age of 2 DAH.Keywords:Development, Siganus guttatus larvae,Transition