Nadezhda Alekseevna Muldasheva

The article examines the prevalence and causes of fatal industrial accidents due to occupational injuries and common diseases at enterprises in various sectors of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan and develops proposals to reduce the risk of their occurrence. The paper uses the method of retrospective analysis based on the materials of the investigation of fatal accidents that occurred at the workplace in the enterprises of the republic. The analysis showed that as a result of injuries, men in the age range of 30-49 years with short work experience most often died. Falls from heights and traffic accidents dominated among the causes of death. In the workplace, men aged 50-64 died more often from common diseases due to diseases of the circulatory system. The conducted research made it possible to identify the sectors of the economy and professions with the highest risk of fatal accidents, identify the main causes and circumstances that led to deaths and develop preventive measures to minimize them.

Introduction. Metallurgical coke production is a source of environmental pollution with harmful inorganic and organic substances possessing of specific effects on the human body. The relevance of this study is determined by the lack of information in the available literature on the working conditions of workers in by-product coke production facilities, taking into account the combined effects of harmful substances acting in the same direction.The aim of the study. To assess health effects of combined occupational exposures to harmful chemicals in coke workers and develop measures to ensure chemical safety in the workplace.Materials and methods. We have analyzed the results of coke oven shop workplace air testing for chemicals having acute, carcinogenic, reprotoxic, and fibrogenic health effects in workers. For the substances with a similar mechanism of action, we calculated summation coefficients to classify working conditions as harmful in terms of chemical risk.Results. The workplace air in coke production is contaminated with a multicomponent mixture comprising chemicals of different hazard classes and mechanisms of action, such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, coke and coal dust, and hydroxybenzene. The chemical factor was assessed with account for possible additive effects of the combinations of pollutants acting similarly. When the summation coefficient was taken into account, the class of working conditions increased by 1 to 2 degrees of harmfulness due to chemical risk. Working under such conditions can pose a high potential risk of occupational diseases. Realized risks are associated with exposure to fibrous aerosols and carcinogens.Limitations. The study was conducted within one coking plant utilizing dry coal distillation technology. Additional studies based on larger samples could identify other important factors affecting workers’ health and allow for risk accounting for workers at similar facilities.Conclusion. The use of the summation coefficient for harmful chemicals having similar modes of action when assessing working conditions provides an objective description of the occupational setting, helps to assess work-related health risks to metallurgical coke workers and develop a set of health and safety measures to mitigate them.Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require ethics approval. No personal data were used in the research.Contribution: Drugova O.G. – data collection and analysis, manuscript preparation, editing; Fedoruk A.A. – study conception and design, manuscript preparation, editing; Mikushina N.A. – data collection and analysis; Karimova L.K. – study conception and design, editing; Muldasheva N.A. – manuscript preparation; Beigul N.A. – manuscript preparation; Plotko E.G. – editing; Shabardina L.V. – data collection and analysis. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: July 9, 2025 / Revised: April 9, 2026 / Accepted: May 20, 2026 / Published: June 18, 2026

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, remain the main causes of mortality and disability among people of working age. Working conditions, stress, exposure to chemical and physical factors, as well as socio-psychological factors, play an important role in the development of these diseases.The purpose of the study. To identify priority risk factors for the development of hypertension among chemical industry workers and to substantiate the directions of preventive measures.Materials and methods. The study was conducted at two chemical plants, with the participation of six hundred forty three employees, including 551 apparatchiks from two different industries. To assess the working conditions, we used production control data, own research, as well as the results of in-depth medical examinations. Machine learning methods, including the Cart Boost algorithm and SHAPE interpretation, were used to analyze risk factors.Results. The results of the study showed the prevalence of hypertension among ethylene-propylene production workers was higher (34.3%) than in ethylbenzene-styrene production (31.8%) and among Automation Center workers (27.2%). In the group of ethylene-propylene production devices, the greatest role in the development of hypertension was played by work experience in harmful conditions (20.6%), smoking (20.2%), age (18.1%), overweight (11.0%) and lipid metabolism disorders. The analysis showed that the greatest contribution to the risk of hypertension in ethylbenzene-styrene workers was made by seniority (23.8%), age (13.6%), overweight (7.1%), smoking (6.1%) and lipid disorders.Limitations. The main sample of the study is limited to the staff of two chemical industries (ethylbenzene-styrene and ethylene-propylene), which narrows the possibilities of generalizing the results to other professional groups or industries. Additional studies with broader samples could identify other important factors affecting the health of workers, as well as take into account the risks for workers in other chemical and industrially hazardous industries with different working conditions.Conclusion. A comparative assessment of working conditions at the two plants showed ethylbenzene-styrene production to have safer working conditions due to high automation, which reduced the impact of harmful factors on workers’ health. The main risk factors for hypertension are work experience, dyslipidemia, smoking, overweight, and stress. Comprehensive preventive measures are needed to improve working conditions and reduce stress among chemical workers.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology (meeting protocol No. 01-11 dated 22.11.2025), and the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (as amended by the 75th General Assembly of the WMA, Helsinki, Finland, October 2024) was carried out. The survey participants gave informed voluntary consent to conduct it.Contribution: Shapoval I.V. – research concept and design, text writing, collection and processing of material; Karimova L.K. – research concept and design, editing; Kaptsov V.A. – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Muldasheva N.A., Zaidullin I.I., Gimaeva Z.F. – material processing, statistical processing, editing; Beigul N.A. – editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: March 11, 2025 / Revised: June 2, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: March 13, 2026

The mining industry is one of the key industries for the economy of Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan. However, despite its significant contribution to economic development, this sector is characterized by a high level of industrial injuries. In this article, we will consider the main causes of injuries, statistical data, and measures to reduce them. According to statistics, the main causes of injuries in the mining industry are: violation of safety rules, faulty equipment, low level of production control, insufficient training of workers, poor working conditions, lack of personal and collective protective equipment, and the human factor. Industrial injuries in the mining industry of Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan remain a serious problem that requires attention from both employers and government agencies. Taking effective measures to improve working conditions, train workers, and monitor compliance with occupational safety standards can significantly reduce the number of accidents at work and improve overall safety in the industry.

The article is devoted to the hygienic assessment of working conditions and their impact on the health of employees of a mining enterprise engaged in the extraction and processing of copper-zinc ore located in the Southern Urals. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a detailed study of the hygienic situation in all divisions of a mining enterprise in order to assess the levels of occupational risk of damage to the health of employees and timely preventive measures aimed at minimizing it. Priority harmful production factors have been identified in the workplaces of various departments: during underground ore mining, noise, vibration, lack of natural light, unfavorable microclimate, severity, and labor intensity; during transportation of extracted ore, vibro-acoustic factors, severity, and labor intensity; during ore processing, noise.

Introduction. The article examines the impact of occupational stress on the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among workers in chemical production. The study covers two groups of employees from chemical industry enterprises with different levels of process automation — ethylbenzene-styrene (EBS) and ethylene-propylene (EP) production. The purpose — to investigate the effect of occupational stress on the development of cardiovascular diseases among workers in specific chemical industries and to develop a set of preventive measures aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods. The study included an analysis of working conditions, the psychophysiological state of employees using standardized questionnaires (“DORS,” HADS, Reeder), as well as results from periodic medical examinations. Results. Operators of ethylene-propylene (EP) production, working in conditions of more pronounced exposure to harmful production factors (class of working conditions 3.2), have a higher level of anxiety, stress and fatigue, compared to operators of ethylbenzene-styrene (EBS) (class of working conditions 3.1). The operators of the EP production showed a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (34.3% versus 27.2% among the automation center workers working under the acceptable class of working conditions), as well as a significant prevalence of subclinical anxiety (37.9% versus 21.7% among the automation center workers). The analysis of risk factors according to the SCORE scale showed a higher cardiovascular risk among the workers of this production. Limitations include the lack of consideration of individual risk factors among workers and the subjectivity of stress assessment methods. Conclusion. Based on the study results, a set of preventive measures was developed to reduce the negative impact of occupational stress on workers. The proposed measures should be incorporated into the corporate program and focus on optimizing working conditions, training in stress management techniques, and health monitoring.

The article examines the contribution of production-related and non-production risk factors to the development of arterial hypertension in workers in ethylbenzene-styrene (EBS) and ethylene-propylene (EP) chemical industries, which differ in the degree of automation of the technological process, using the gradient boosting method.The factors that have the greatest impact on the prognosis of arterial hypertension development have been identified. For EBS production workers, the major factors influencing AH risk were work experience, age, and smoking. For the Ethylene-Propylene (EP) operators, the key factors were work experience, smoking, and LDL levels.Taking into account the identified risk factors, targeted measures have been developed to minimize them.

Introduction. Lack of knowledge of the oral status in chemical production workers determines the relevance of this study. In most studies, we did not find sufficiently comprehensive information about working conditions. Aims. To assess the risks of developing somatic and dental pathologies among chemical production operators depending on the intensity and duration of exposure to chemical factors in order to reduce the occupational cause of health deterioration. Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and hygienic examination was conducted in eight hundred seventy eight isoprene, divinyl, styrene, ethylene oxide production apparatchiks who were exposed to harmful substances. The working conditions are analyzed according to the production control data. The analysis of the microbial profile in periodontal pockets in 128 workers by polymerase chain reaction was performed. Results. In the studied industries, differences were noted in the levels of exposure of the chemical factor to the body: in the production of divinyl and isoprene, working conditions corresponded to hazard class 3.1, styrene to class 3.2, ethylene oxide to class 3.3. Styrene production workers had a high degree of industrial conditionality of chronic cholecystitis (RR=2.16; EF=53.6%), biliary dyskinesia paths (RR=2.53; EF=60.5%). Ethylene oxide production apparatchiks showed a high degree of industrial conditionality of subatrophic nasopharyngitis (RR=2.60; EF=61.6%), chronic catarrhal laryngitis (RR=2.83; EE=64.7%), and severe chronic periodontitis (RR=2.36; EF=57.7%). The high prevalence of periodontopathogens P. Gingivalis and A. Actinomycetemcomitans has been shown. Limitation. The lack of immunological and cytogenetic analysis data necessary for preclinical diagnosis of pathological changes in the oral cavity. Conclusion. Significant differences in the level of exposure of the chemical factor to the health in workers have been revealed. A high degree of industrial conditionality of a number of somatic diseases in workers of styrene and ethylene oxide industries has been determined. The greatest deviations in the state of oral health were observed in ethylene oxide production workers with more than 20 years of work experience. Differences in the species composition of the microbiome of periodontal pockets in ethylene oxide apparatchiks, depending on work experience, were detected.

Data are presented on the potential danger of harmful substances to the health of chemical production workers and a list of substances that most often cause acute poisoning in industrial conditions is determined. A retrospective analysis of 83 investigation materials into cases of acute poisoning that occurred at a large chemical enterprise located in the Volga Federal District for the period from 1980 to 2023 was carried out. The circumstances and causes of group acute poisoning with a chemical substance (nickel carbonyl) not provided for by production regulations are described in detail. It was established that during the period under review, 83 cases of acute occupational poisoning occurred at the enterprise as a result of exposure to ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, styrene and nickel carbonyl, a number of which were of a group nature. In all cases of poisoning, except for nickel carbonyl, the etiological factor was known and adequate therapeutic measures were taken. Difficulties in identifying a harmful substance in case of poisoning with nickel carbonyl were due to the absence in the description of the technological regulations of the possibility of its formation. The causes of acute poisoning were significant violations of the technological regime, non-compliance with labor protection requirements and non-use of personal respiratory protection equipment. The main directions for the prevention of acute occupational poisoning in chemical production conditions are substantiated.

RATIONALE: At main pipeline transport facilities, the entry of harmful chemicals into the air of the working area can negatively affect the body of workers. The absence in the existing regulatory documents of clearly formulated criteria for the selection of specific harmful chemical compounds to control their content, especially if they are a multicomponent mixture, introduces certain difficulties in identifying pollutants in the air of the work area. The presence of criteria will allow the employer to correctly draw up a production program, the frequency of laboratory tests to obtain more objective and reliable information about the potential harmful effects of chemicals on workers and timely take measures to prevent their negative effects. AIM: Justification of the list of harmful substances for analytical monitoring of their content in the air of the working area of main pipeline transport facilities for oil and petroleum products. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the air in the working area was carried out at 12 oil pumping stations and 5 oil product pumping stations located in Russia. RESULTS: Using chromatography-mass spectrometry, the composition of the gas-air environment formed as a result of oil evaporation was determined, which made it possible to determine a list of harmful chemicals for further planned analytical monitoring of their content in the air of the working area.CONCLUSION: Sampling should be carried out in places with the highest probability of gas emissions into the air. When transporting oil, it is necessary to establish strict analytical control at workplaces over the content of aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons C2-C10, dihydrosulfide mixed with hydrocarbons, benzene in the air, when pumping petroleum products - benzene, gasoline or kerosene, i.e. depending on the type of petroleum product transported.