Zulfiya F. Gimaeva

The article examines the prevalence and causes of fatal industrial accidents due to occupational injuries and common diseases at enterprises in various sectors of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan and develops proposals to reduce the risk of their occurrence. The paper uses the method of retrospective analysis based on the materials of the investigation of fatal accidents that occurred at the workplace in the enterprises of the republic. The analysis showed that as a result of injuries, men in the age range of 30-49 years with short work experience most often died. Falls from heights and traffic accidents dominated among the causes of death. In the workplace, men aged 50-64 died more often from common diseases due to diseases of the circulatory system. The conducted research made it possible to identify the sectors of the economy and professions with the highest risk of fatal accidents, identify the main causes and circumstances that led to deaths and develop preventive measures to minimize them.

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, remain the main causes of mortality and disability among people of working age. Working conditions, stress, exposure to chemical and physical factors, as well as socio-psychological factors, play an important role in the development of these diseases.The purpose of the study. To identify priority risk factors for the development of hypertension among chemical industry workers and to substantiate the directions of preventive measures.Materials and methods. The study was conducted at two chemical plants, with the participation of six hundred forty three employees, including 551 apparatchiks from two different industries. To assess the working conditions, we used production control data, own research, as well as the results of in-depth medical examinations. Machine learning methods, including the Cart Boost algorithm and SHAPE interpretation, were used to analyze risk factors.Results. The results of the study showed the prevalence of hypertension among ethylene-propylene production workers was higher (34.3%) than in ethylbenzene-styrene production (31.8%) and among Automation Center workers (27.2%). In the group of ethylene-propylene production devices, the greatest role in the development of hypertension was played by work experience in harmful conditions (20.6%), smoking (20.2%), age (18.1%), overweight (11.0%) and lipid metabolism disorders. The analysis showed that the greatest contribution to the risk of hypertension in ethylbenzene-styrene workers was made by seniority (23.8%), age (13.6%), overweight (7.1%), smoking (6.1%) and lipid disorders.Limitations. The main sample of the study is limited to the staff of two chemical industries (ethylbenzene-styrene and ethylene-propylene), which narrows the possibilities of generalizing the results to other professional groups or industries. Additional studies with broader samples could identify other important factors affecting the health of workers, as well as take into account the risks for workers in other chemical and industrially hazardous industries with different working conditions.Conclusion. A comparative assessment of working conditions at the two plants showed ethylbenzene-styrene production to have safer working conditions due to high automation, which reduced the impact of harmful factors on workers’ health. The main risk factors for hypertension are work experience, dyslipidemia, smoking, overweight, and stress. Comprehensive preventive measures are needed to improve working conditions and reduce stress among chemical workers.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethical committee of the Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology (meeting protocol No. 01-11 dated 22.11.2025), and the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (as amended by the 75th General Assembly of the WMA, Helsinki, Finland, October 2024) was carried out. The survey participants gave informed voluntary consent to conduct it.Contribution: Shapoval I.V. – research concept and design, text writing, collection and processing of material; Karimova L.K. – research concept and design, editing; Kaptsov V.A. – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Muldasheva N.A., Zaidullin I.I., Gimaeva Z.F. – material processing, statistical processing, editing; Beigul N.A. – editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: March 11, 2025 / Revised: June 2, 2025 / Accepted: June 26, 2025 / Published: March 13, 2026

Introduction. The article examines the impact of occupational stress on the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among workers in chemical production. The study covers two groups of employees from chemical industry enterprises with different levels of process automation — ethylbenzene-styrene (EBS) and ethylene-propylene (EP) production. The purpose — to investigate the effect of occupational stress on the development of cardiovascular diseases among workers in specific chemical industries and to develop a set of preventive measures aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods. The study included an analysis of working conditions, the psychophysiological state of employees using standardized questionnaires (“DORS,” HADS, Reeder), as well as results from periodic medical examinations. Results. Operators of ethylene-propylene (EP) production, working in conditions of more pronounced exposure to harmful production factors (class of working conditions 3.2), have a higher level of anxiety, stress and fatigue, compared to operators of ethylbenzene-styrene (EBS) (class of working conditions 3.1). The operators of the EP production showed a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (34.3% versus 27.2% among the automation center workers working under the acceptable class of working conditions), as well as a significant prevalence of subclinical anxiety (37.9% versus 21.7% among the automation center workers). The analysis of risk factors according to the SCORE scale showed a higher cardiovascular risk among the workers of this production. Limitations include the lack of consideration of individual risk factors among workers and the subjectivity of stress assessment methods. Conclusion. Based on the study results, a set of preventive measures was developed to reduce the negative impact of occupational stress on workers. The proposed measures should be incorporated into the corporate program and focus on optimizing working conditions, training in stress management techniques, and health monitoring.

The article examines the contribution of production-related and non-production risk factors to the development of arterial hypertension in workers in ethylbenzene-styrene (EBS) and ethylene-propylene (EP) chemical industries, which differ in the degree of automation of the technological process, using the gradient boosting method.The factors that have the greatest impact on the prognosis of arterial hypertension development have been identified. For EBS production workers, the major factors influencing AH risk were work experience, age, and smoking. For the Ethylene-Propylene (EP) operators, the key factors were work experience, smoking, and LDL levels.Taking into account the identified risk factors, targeted measures have been developed to minimize them.

Working environment psychosocial factors gain the increasing importance for occupational health so far. Based on literature, this review presents an analysis of available studies about relation between stress at the workplace and development or progression of both mental and somatic diseases. The Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, RSCI, CyberLeninka databases were used to prepare the review. The results of studies have shown pathogenesis and circumstances of the development of various occupational diseases (cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal systems, cancer of various locaion), which can be affected by occupational stress. Workplace stress also has a significant impact on the central nervous system, including sleep, various mental disorders. The number of people suffering from bad habits increases due to workplace stress as well. Furthermore, the main directions of preventive measures to reduce the level of industrial stress are given.

The oil industry is a significant component of the industry of Bashkortostan. The complex of harmful factors for oil production workers includes industrial noise, vibration, exposure to harmful substances, the severity and intensity of work, unfavorable microclimate conditions. The researchers conditionally divide production factors of chemical nature into natural chemicals that are part of oil and associated gases (hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, mercaptans), and substances used to enhance oil recovery, preparation, transportation of oil and gas (reagents, acids, surfactants, methanol, welding aerosols). There is a role of changes in metabolic processes at the level of cells and subcellular structures in the development of pathological processes under the influence of harmful production factors in a number of studies. The study aims to substantiate the markers of early metabolic disorders in employees of an oil-producing enterprise. We conducted a study of metabolic processes in 340 oil production workers. The researchers represented the professional production groups by drillers (35.3%), operators of underground well repair (64.7%). The authors carried out characteristics of the factors of the working environment and the labor process of oil-producing industries in accordance with R 2.2.2006-05. The researchers also performed biochemical studies of the parameters of the lipid spectrum of blood serum, free radical processes and endogenous intoxication. The level of exposure to the average concentrations of the chemical factor at the workplaces of drillers and operators of underground well repair corresponds to classes 2-3.1. The influence of harmful production factors causes metabolic disorders in the body of oil production workers in the form of a violation of the lipid spectrum (an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides), changes in the activity of cytolytic enzymes (GGT, AST, ALT), activation of lipid peroxidation processes, a decrease in catalase activity, an increase in the level of medium-molecular peptides in blood serum, which confirms the presence of endogenous intoxication syndrome in the examined workers. The impact of harmful production factors on the body of oil production workers causes metabolic disorders in the body and dictates the need for a complex of biochemical studies for the early diagnosis of prenosological processes and timely preventive measures.

Introduction. The scientists all over the world studied the problem of death in the workplace for two decades. Sudden cardiac death occupies a leading place in the structure of workplace death from a common disease (83-90% of cases). The urgency of this problem dictates the need for research to study the main factors and causes of death in the workplace from a common disease, followed by the development of a comprehensive program to prevent them. The study aims to learn the circumstances and causes of sudden death in the workplace due to a common disease and substantiate the program for its prevention. Materials and methods. The researchers conducted an analysis of investigation materials of fatal accidents in the workplace for 2018-2020 at enterprises and organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan, recognized during the investigation as unrelated to production and occurred as a result of a common disease. We studied in detail the specific circumstances and causes of death. Scientists analyzed the number of deaths in the workplace from common diseases both in absolute and relative units (per 1000 employees), in the context of economic activities, taking into account the organizational and legal forms of enterprises and organizations. Results. 165 employees died from common diseases in the workplace during the analyzed period. We observed the greatest proportion of workplace deaths from a common disease at enterprises and organizations of the following types of economic activity: manufacturing - 22.9%, transportation and storage - 17.4%, provision of electric energy, gas and steam, water supply, sanitation - 10.3%. The main causes of sudden death in the workplace from common diseases, according to the forensic examination, were diseases of the circulatory system (97.1%), which were more often registered in men (97.4%) aged 56-60 years. Conclusion: The lack of complete and reliable information about the causes and risk factors of death in the workplace from common diseases in various sectors of the economy, as well as the need to develop a prevention program to minimize the likelihood of its development, served as the basis for this study.

Introduction. The main cause of the able-bodied population’s death in the Russian Federation is cardiovascular diseases. It is known that one of the most important factors of cardiovascular risk is a violation of lipid metabolism, which is an indicator of atherogenesis processes activation. In this regard, it is relevant to study the lipid spectrum and its effect on the cardiovascular risk’s level for workers of various industries, who are exposed to a complex of harmful production factors. The study aims to investigate lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic processes in chemical production workers for the opportune implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. Materials and methods of research. Comprehensive clinical and hygienic studies in the chemical industry have been carried out. Hygienic studies and assessment of working conditions of employees were accomplished using the current regulatory documents. Surveyed were divided into 3 groups: machine operators (I group), machinery repair locksmiths (II group), control and measuring devices’ locksmiths (CMD) (III group - comparison). To identify risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a screening examination was conducted within the framework of periodic medical examinations of 3761 male workers, a study of the lipid spectrum in 846 workers. Employees with high and very high cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE system underwent in-depth medical examination using clinical laboratory, functional, ultrasound examination methods (179 people). The relative risk and etiological proportion were calculated in order to establish a causal relationship between the complex of harmful production factors and the formation of hypercholesterolemia. Results. The data of the conducted studies showed that the factors of cardiovascular risk in workers of I and II groups have harmful working conditions on the workplace (general class of working conditions 3.2), smoking, obesity, hypertension, which are more common in the group of machinery repairmen which was compared with workers of other professions. It was found that the average values of total cholesterol in blood serum, LDL cholesterol were higher in the examined I-II groups than III group. Analysis of the state of the cardiovascular system main indicators for workers of various professions obtained as a result of in-depth examination in a hospital revealed, that signs carotid arteries atherosclerotic changes were more often registered in workers of I-II groups. The revealed indicators of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis increased in proportion to the length of service in harmful working conditions. Conclusion. The conducted research allowed to substantiate the algorithm of stage-by-stage examination, dynamic monitoring of the chemical production workers’ health’s state in order to detect atherosclerosis earlier and integrate therapeutic and preventive measures timely.

In Russia, an active transformation of national health care system takes place and one of the most important of its activities became approval of the "road map". In 2017, survey of physicians was carried out that revealed a number of patterns and problems in the field of physicians perception of their own lives, social self-implementation. In 2019, survey was re-carried out covered 311 specialists from the Republic of Bashkortostan. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamics of indices of professional self-assessment and social status of physicians in 2017-2019. The results testify a number of significant changes that took place by 2019: 1) number of specialists evaluating their own competence as "Excellent" statistically significantly increased (p=0.015); 2) percentage of specialists of second qualification category significantly decreased (p=0.0068) and previously observed relationship between professional self-assessment and qualification category lost its significance; 3) physicians began to statistically significantly more often identify themselves with highest stratum of society (p=0.012); 4) situation associated with lack of free time (p=0.021) and fears of losing job (p=0.044) worsened significantly. The research data mainly testify positive changes in social well-being of physicians in 2017-2019 and can be considered as first results of reform of national health care system. Nevertheless, increase of deficiency of free time and fears of losing job requires development and implementation of appropriate preventive measures.

Introduction. In Russia and abroad, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in cases of sudden death in the workplace from circulatory system diseases over the past decade. Materials and methods. During the study, the databases of the State Labor Inspectorate in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2014-2018 were studied, including accident investigation reports, information on a special assessment of working conditions, medical examinations, forensic medical examinations, and other materials. Results. The leading cause of sudden death in the workplace in more than 90% of cases were circulatory system diseases (CSD). The maximum number of cases of sudden death from CSD was recorded in the age group of 56-60 years. Working condit ions represented the overwhelming majority of the deceased - 82.8%. In 13.7% of cases, they were drivers of transport. The vast majority of deaths occurred in the morning (from 6 to 12) and daytime (from 12 to 18). The working conditions of workers from deceased CSD in most cases (59.8%) corresponded to the permissible class (class 2); under harmful conditions (subclass 3.1-3.3), 24.9% worked. Most often, some form of acute coronary heart disease (CHD) was mentioned as the immediate cause of death (64.0%). Among acute forms of coronary heart disease in medical documents, in more than 50% of cases, code I 24.8 “Other forms of acute coronary heart disease” was established. “Acute myocardial infarction” was verified in 11.1% of patients and was the leading cause of death in men. In the group “Cerebrovascular Diseases,” “Intracerebral hemorrhage” was most often diagnosed. Conclusion. The obtained results substantiate the need to develop measures to prevent sudden death in the workplace, aimed primarily at preventing the development, progression, and early diagnosis of diseases of the circulatory system.