Kun Liu

α-Aminosilanes have garnered significant attention as privileged structural motifs owing to their profound applications in pharmaceutical research, synthetic methodology, and advanced materials. We report here a general three-component Sila-Strecker reaction that utilizes an air- and moisture-stable Cu(II) salt catalyst, a silylation reagent, and ubiquitous starting materials, including a variety of amines (aryl amines, sulfamides, and sulfinamides) and carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones). Diverse synthetically useful and pharmaceutically relevant α-aminosilanes are synthesized in moderate to excellent yields. Preliminary mechanistic investigation indicated an imine intermediate, which formed with the promotion of Ti(OEt)4. Compared with previous attempts, the established method offers a step-economic, operationally simple, and broadly tolerant approach that proceeds to α-aminosilane synthesis under mild conditions. Moreover, this reaction has been applied to the late-stage functionalization of a variety of bioactive natural products.

The global prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases is closely related to overnutrition and imbalanced dietary patterns. As an important carbohydrate, starch directly affects the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism due to its digestion characteristics. Resistant starch (RS) with unique anti-digestive properties and prebiotic functions has become the current hotspot in dietary nutrition research for improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. This review summarizes the digestive characteristics of starch and the comprehensive effects of RS and its mechanisms for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Diets with high RS content not only optimize glucose homeostasis by delaying glucose release, the undigested fractions entering the colon also drive the metabolic regulatory network of the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis by activating the AMPK/ACC pathway to reduce fat accumulation, enhancing intestinal barrier function mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and promoting GLP-1/PYY neural signal transduction. These insights facilitate the design of new healthy foods and inspire new strategies for optimizing dietary nutrition and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders caused by high-carbohydrate diets.

Gel-type hemostatic agents possess irreplaceable advantages over other material forms in managing irregular wounds and deep tissue bleeding. However, their clinical application remains limited in treating lethal massive hemorrhage due to inadequate fluid absorption, swelling-induced detachment, and insufficient procoagulant activity. This study developed a coagulation-mediated self-gelling microparticle powder composed of Yam mucilage and halloysite nanoclay (HNTs) for robust wet tissue adhesion and rapid massive hemorrhage control. The microparticles in ∼20 μm spontaneously form through physical interactions (hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and surface encapsulation effects) between the HNTs and Yam mucilage, which exhibit excellent rehydration capacity and achieve autonomous gelation via the procoagulant properties of the HNTs. Yam@HNT microparticle-treated blood induced immediate hydrogel layer formation at the blood-material interface within 1 min, followed by complete blood coagulation within 2 min, which represented a 7.5-fold acceleration compared to that of raw blood. In vitro hemostasis/adhesion tests and rat models of liver/arterial massive hemorrhage confirmed its excellent hemostatic performance, strong tissue adhesion, and biocompatibility. The Yam@HNT microparticles accelerate clotting through an intrinsic coagulation pathway activation, platelet aggregation, and hemorheological modulation. This natural plant-derived mucilage and biocompatible clay composite microparticles achieve in situ fluid absorption, coagulation-triggered self-gelling, and durable adhesion, which provides an effective treatment strategy for emergency hemostasis of complex wounds.