Élcio Silvério Klosowski

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside (1,25(OH)₂D₃-G) supplementation on the performance, biochemical blood, bone health, intestinal histomorphometry, and gene expressions in broilers from breeders supplemented or not with 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G. A total of 1152 one-day-old, male Ross 308 AP chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. One factor was the inclusion or not of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G in the breeders’ diets from 21 to 62 weeks of age. The other factor involved three levels (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G inclusion in the broilers’ diets from 1 to 21 days of age. The study totaled six treatments, with eight replicates and 24 birds per experimental unit. Breeders supplemented with of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-G resulted in heavier broiler chicks at hatch, better feed conversion, and higher concentrations of calbindin D28K, interleukin 10, and interleukin 1β at 21 days of age. Villus height and absorption area in the jejunum showed interactions between breeder supplementation and broiler diets. The inclusion of this additive in both diets was not sufficient to increase villus height and absorption area in broilers at 21 days of age. It is concluded that supplementation in breeders improves growth and immunity in broilers.

Assessing the risks of pesticide use in the environment, especially in groundwater, requires predicting their movement. Pesticide leaching models represent an accessible and economical method to predict groundwater and surface water pollution and should be calibrated based on experimental data to better understand the dynamics of pesticides in soil and ensure their efficiency. This long-term study explored the ability of the MACRO model to describe water movement and atrazine distribution along the profile of a Rhodic Ferralsol cultivated with corn in western Paraná, Brazil, using data from a drainage lysimeter under high intensity simulated rainfall (150 mm h-1). The soil parameters analyzed in the laboratory were used as pedotransfer functions. The initial simulations showed significant differences, due to the particularities of the model and the complexity of the soil and its pore space, so the tests adjusted the retention curve and the sorption parameters. After final adjustments to the model, the simulated atrazine mass results were evaluated. Calibration of pesticide concentrations required small changes in sorption and degradation rates, and the results were compared to quantities measured at a specific depth. The simulation of atrazine transport was considered acceptable, estimating 0.71, 4.63, and 3.05% of the total mass of atrazine in percolate, runoff and retained in the profile, respectively.

Using quality seedlings increases the chances of survival and development after planting. Hardening aims to modify the morphology of seedlings to acclimatize them to stressful field conditions. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of chemical hardening with methyl jasmonate on the morphophysiology of Eugenia uniflora L. seedlings subjected to 12 days of water deficit. Seedlings were hardened with doses of 0, 50, 100, and 150 μmol L^-1 of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Afterward, they were transplanted into pots with soil and subjected to water deficit for 12 days. During that period, we assessed shoot height (H), stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA), leaf dry mass (LDM), stem dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), relative water content (RWC), robustness index (RI), Dickson quality index (DQI), shoot/root ratio (S/R), stomatal conductance (Sc) and evapotranspiration (ET). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five blocks. Variables RI, DQI, LA, RWC, and TDM values presented a quadratic trend, with promising results from the 50 and 100 µmol L^-1 doses. Sc and ET values were influenced by water deficit. Under conditions of water restriction, application of MeJA in adequate doses promoted morphophysiological changes and induced defense strategies in E. uniflora seedlings. Doses of methyl jasmonate between 50 and 100 µmol L^-1 resulted in seedlings with greater tolerance to water deficit for 12 days.

Studies show that aquatic plants are an efficient alternative to minimize the harmful effects of wastewater. Two species of aquatic macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes) were chosen to evaluate the temperature effect on the performance of these macrophytes species in a post-treatment system of swine wastewater. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Toledo, Paraná State, Brazil. For the experimental system, 24 concrete tanks with 80 L capacity were used, each measuring approximately 1.5 m in length, 0.25 m in width and 0.16 m deep. Wastewater characteristics and variables hydrogen potential (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured weekly. After, we analyzed the aquatic macrophytes and centesimal composition. The use of aquatic macrophytes was efficient for final swine wastewater polishing. Nitrogen removal showed higher efficiency in the summer period for both species studied. The abiotic variables (pH and EC) presented better results during the winter for both species evaluated. Air and wastewater low temperatures did not influence these variables. Dissolved oxygen presented better results in the summer period for E. crassipes species. There was a significant increase in N and P contents in the plant tissue. This fact proves that the use of aquatic macrophytes is an interesting alternative for swine wastewater treatment.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar as características produtivas da couve de folha em consórcio com quiabeiro sob manejo orgânico. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos: T1 (três linhas de couve com quiabeiro nas entrelinhas), T2 (três linhas de couve com quiabeiro a cada duas entrelinhas), T3 (três linhas de couve com quiabeiro adensado nas entrelinhas), T4 (três linhas de couve com quiabeiro adensado a cada duas entrelinhas), T5 (couve), T6 (quiabeiro) e T7 (quiabeiro adensado). Nos monocultivos a couve e quiabeiro possuíam espaçamento entre linhas de 1,20 x 0,50 m e entre plantas. O quiabeiro adensado estava no espaçamento entre plantas de 0,25 m. Na couve foi avaliada a altura, número de folhas, massa fresca e seca das folhas, área foliar, produtividade comercial e não comercial. No quiabeiro foi avaliado a altura a massa fresca de frutos e produtividade. Foi calculado o índice de uso eficiente da terra (UET). O T3 apresentou maior número de folhas comerciais e área foliar. Os consórcios reduziram a massa de frutos de quiabo por planta. Todos os consórcios apresentaram UET acima de um com ganhos variado de 16 até 60% de eficiência produtiva.