Youliang Huang

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a significant economic burden on global public health systems. This secondary data analysis aims to estimate the disease burden of COPD attributable to secondhand smoke exposure from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Data on mortality,...

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a major neurodevelopmental disorder among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) worldwide. However, there is still insufficient understanding of the burden and trends of this condition. This study aims to assess the trends in the global, regional, and national burden of ADHD among AYAs aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, our study reports estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of ADHD among AYAs at the global, regional, and national levels, including the corresponding rates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We also analyzes the trends in the burden of ADHD from 1990 to 2021 from both global and local perspectives, specifically by Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) and Average Annual Percentage Changes (AAPCs). Additionally, these global trends are further examined according to age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Results: Globally, the incidence of ADHD among AYAs decreased slightly from 12.61 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 11.89 per 100,000 population in 2021, with an EAPC of −0.61% (95% CI −0.79 to −0.43) and AAPCs of −0.17% (95% CI −0.28 to −0.05). The prevalence rate decreased slightly from 2,381.82 per 100,000 population in 1990–2,173.48 per 100,000 population in 2021, with an EAPC of −0.58% (95% CI −0.63 to −0.53) and AAPCs of −0.44% (95% CI −0.47 to −0.42). The rate of DALYs decreased from a 1990 rate of 30.31 per 100,000 population to 26.56 per 100,000 population in 2021, with an EAPC of −0.58% (95% CI −0.63 to −0.52) and AAPCs of −0.44% (95% CI −0.47 to −0.42). In terms of gender, incidence, prevalence and rates of DALYs were higher in males than in females during the same period. In terms of age, the incidence rate originated only from the 10–14 years age group, and only prevalence and DALYs rates were present in the 15–19 years age group and 20–24 years age group and the trend analysis results were correlated with the age group. According to SDI quintiles, incidence, prevalence, and rates of DALYs for ADHD had the highest increases from 1990 to 2021 in areas with a High-middle SDI or High SDI. However, the relationship between incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates and SDI was nonlinear, and regionally, Australasia had the highest incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates in 2021, with Western Europe and East Asia having the largest increases in incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates. In terms of countries, Australia has the highest incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates in 2021, while the UK, Spain and China have the highest rate increases. Conclusions: Over the past 30 years, there has been a general downward trend in the incidence and prevalence of ADHD and in the rate of DALYs worldwide. However, phased studies have shown less homogeneous trends in recent years, which may be related to changes in the level of socioeconomic development, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic approaches. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to promote research on the accuracy and universality of ADHD diagnosis and treatment in the future, with a view to further reducing the global health burden of ADHD.

Objective: CCR is an emerging biomarker for renal function, yet its relationship with depression and CKD risk has not been confirmed and is understudied in the population. This study aimed to investigate the association between CCR and CKD, as well as all-cause mortality, among middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. Additionally, it sought to explore the bidirectional mediating effect of depression in the association of CCR with CKD.Method: This study analyzed participant data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) from 2011 to 2020. The 10-item Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale(CES-D-10) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to generate survival curves for participants stratified by different levels of CCR. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine the CCR-CKD, CCR-depression, and CKD-depression association. Multivariate Cox regression assessed the association between CCR and all-cause mortality. The potential mediating effect of depression between CCR and CKD was determined by bidirectional mediation analysis.Result: The study included a total of 6,243 participants, comprising 2,835 men and 3,408 women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CCR was positively correlated with an increased risk of CKD(OR:1.13, 95%CI:1.09-1.18, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with the severity of depression(OR:0.94, 95%CI:0.91-0.96, p<0.001). Higher CCR levels correlated with lower all-cause mortality(HR:0.83, 95%CI:0.74-0.97, p<0.001). Depression had a partial negative mediating effect in the association between CCR and CKD. Restricted cubic spline curves showed a U-shaped, nonlinear association between CCR and all-cause mortality.Conclusions: Higher levels of CCR are associated with a higher risk of CKD and with lower all-cause mortality, and CCR could be a biomarker for early diagnosis of CKD. Depression may have a negative effect on the association of CKD and CCR, suggesting that CCR has an underestimated risk for predicting and recognizing CKD in depressed populations. Mental health factors are important in risk prediction and comprehensive management of CKD.

Background: In previous observational studies and meta-analyses, childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is found to have a significant association with screen time. However, the causal associations between them remain unclear.Method: This study performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to confirm the causality between screen time and childhood ADHD. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets derived from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and the UK Biobank were used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exposure and outcome. Four categories of datasets were selected to represent screen time. The SNPs that are significantly associated with exposure data (P < 5e-08) and have a strong correlation with the exposure in the F-statistic (F > 10) were selected as instrumental variables. This study also used the PhenoScanner V2 database and the LDlink webtool to exclude confounding factors, and the MR-PRESSO method (p < 0.05) was employed to eliminate outliers with bias. Five commonly used methods were employed to assess the interaction and the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the primary basis for determining the MR estimates in this study.Results: The MR analysis revealed that the length of mobile phone use (OR, 1.848; 95% CI, 1.3360-2.5558; p=2.07e-4) and the time spent watching television (OR, 2.104; 95% CI, 1.3958-3.1703; p=3.8e-4) increased the risk of childhood ADHD. Although the causal relationships were exclusively identified through the IVW and weighted median methods, the results retained their statistical significance following correction. In the reverse analysis, no evidence was found to support an effect of childhood ADHD on screen time. The sensitivity analysis conducted on the significant findings revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.Conclusion: This study provides some evidence for the causality of screen time and childhood ADHD. Given the limitations of our study, further research is required to comprehensively investigate this relationship.

This study aims to analyze the potential biomarkers using bioinformatics technology, explore the pathogenesis, and investigate potential Chinese herbal ingredients for the Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which could provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis and effective treatment of ccRCC. The gene expression datasets GSE6344 and GSE53757 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in ccRCC carcinogenesis and disease progression. Enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction networks construction, survival analysis and herbal medicines screening were performed with related software and online analysis platforms. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis has also been performed to screen potential target drugs of ccRCC and molecular docking analysis has been used to validate their effects. Total 274 common DEGs were extracted through above process, including 194 up-regulated genes and 80 down-regulated genes. The enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly focused on multiple amino acid metabolism and HIF signaling pathway. Ten hub genes, including FLT1, BDNF, LCP2, AGXT2, PLG, SLC13A3, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, SLC22A7, and SLC13A3, were screened. Survival analysis showed that FLT1, BDNF, AGXT2, PLG, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, and SLC12A3 were closely correlated with the overall survival of ccRCC, and AGXT2, SLC47A2, SLC22A8, and SLC22A7 were closely associated with DFS. The potential therapeutic herbs that have been screened were Danshen, Baiguo, Yinxing, Huangqin and Chuanshanlong. The active compounds which may be effective in ccRCC treatment were kaempferol, Scillaren A and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Background: Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies are changing the ways cancer diagnosis and treatment, which leads to a new branch of precision medicine: “Precision Oncology”. This study aims to deliver a structured overview to carry out a bibliometric analysis of precision oncology research over the past 10 years retrospectively. Methods: Bibliometric methods including clustering analysis and co-occurrence visualized study were conducted based on publications of academic databases Web of Science Main Collection from 1st January 2012, to 31st December 2021. This study analyzed the information about related research outputs, countries, institutions, authors, cited papers, and hot topics. Results: 7163 papers related to precision oncology were identified. Since 2014, the number of articles has proliferated, and oncology precision has attracted significant attention from scholars worldwide in recent years. The USA leads the research in this field, and the League of European Research Universities is the primary research institution. Research institutions from Asia paid more attention to this field through high-level international cooperation. Besides, there are still many issues expected to be explored and evaluated correctly. Such as the considerable uncertainty that pharmacogenomic methods have no significant influence on patient outcomes. Conclusions: Precision oncology serves as an essential method in clinical treatment, and is closely related to biological study, including biochemistry, molecular and genetics, advanced technology, and pharmacology discovery. The future research prospect would be the broad involvement of social participation and global cooperation in oncology precision research to acquire better results via the balance of technology and public health policy.

Background: Precision medicine provides medical solutions to stratified patients with personalised forecasting outcome as an important method of treatment in the medical field. This study aims at delivering a structured overview to carry out a bibliometric analysis of precision medicine retrospectively. Methods: The compilation of data and the use of bibliometric methods based on academic databases (Science Citation Index-Expanded and PubMed) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Research outputs, countries, institutions, authors, major journals, cited papers, hot subject areas were analysed. Results: 8,566 papers related were identified (98.728% in English) covering 1,975 different journals. The papers were originated from 109 countries; the USA held the predominant contributors with 4,635 papers, China was on second with 925 papers. Conclusions: Precision medicine serves important purposes in clinical treatment, and widely used in the oncology, biochemistry, molecular biology field. The study summarised existing work and provided guidance for future research in this promising precision medicine area.

One of the major challenges in mesh‐based deformation simulation in computer graphics is to deal with mesh distortion. In this paper, we present a novel mesh‐insensitive and softer method for simulating deformable solid bodies under the assumptions of linear elastic mechanics. A face‐based strain smoothing method is adopted to alleviate mesh distortion instead of the traditional spatial adaptive smoothing method. Then, we propose a way to combine the strain smoothing method and the corotational method. With this approach, the amplitude and frequency of transient displacements are slightly affected by the distorted mesh. Realistic simulation results are generated under large rotation using a linear elasticity model without adding significant complexity or computational cost to the standard corotational FEM. Meanwhile, softening effect is a by‐product of our method.

Background: The aims of this study are to evaluate and summarize the scientific production in the field of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A systematic bibliometric search was performed based on the PubMed database covering relative publications between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2014. Core of the search strategy include the key word cardiovascular disease and the Medical Subject Heading Chinese herbal medicine. The number, type, country, major journals, and research focus of articles were analyzed in accordance with bibliometrics methodologies. Results: The retrieve results were analyzed and described in the form of texts, tables, and graphs. A total of 3,826 articles were identified, 40.28% of which were original articles. All articles were from 50 countries/territories. China was ranked first with 2,258 articles, followed by Japan with 173 articles. 665 articles were published by Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. Conclusion: The publication activity of literature has grown rapidly in the past 20 years, indicating enhanced attention and increasing research input to CHM treatment of CVD. Owing to its great advances in scientific studies, CHM will continue to play an important role in medical research. Key words: bibliometrics analysis; cardiovascular disease; Chinese herbal medicine; research trends