Gulzar Ahmad

Present research aimed to know the difference between military personnel with endurance training and civilian population (with no endurance training), with respect to resilience, psychological well-being, and emotional regulation. Correlation and comparative design was used for this study. A sample of 180 participants with age range of 20-55 years was taken from different walks of military units and civilian population by using snowball sampling, and purposive sampling strategies respectively. The Adult Resilience Measure (Ungar & Liebenberg, 2011), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002), and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) were used to assess variables. The results indicated that the military personnel with endurance training were significantly higher on psychological well-being than the civilian population (with no endurance training); while, the civilian population was significantly higher on expressive suppression facet of emotional regulation than the military personnel. There was a significant positive relationship of resilience with psychological well-being and emotional regulation in each group. Additionally, resilience predicted psychological well-being and emotional regulation in both groups, after controlling the effect of demographic characteristics. This research gives an insight into resilience, psychological well-being, and emotional regulation in military personnel with endurance training and the civilian populations with no endurance training. This research also adds to the body of literature in counselling and clinical psychology especially, in Pakistani perspective.

Some personality traits have tendencies to lead the commonly Facebook usage toward Facebook addiction. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of particular Big Five Personality traits as well as predicting those traits with Facebook addiction. This study has also evaluated the differences of Facebook addiction in terms of age between teenager and young adult students. An initial purposive sample of 300 Facebook users was selected from various schools and colleges. The sample consisted of 150 teenager students (75 teenager girls, 75 teenager boys) and 150 young adult students (75 young adult girls, 75 young adult boys) as total sample of 300 Facebook users. From this sample of 300 Facebook users, 86 participants were indicated as Facebook addicts while the remaining 214 participants were not Facebook addicts as assessed by the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Andreassen et. al., 2012). The Big Five Markers Personality Scale (Goldberg, 1992) and Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale were used as assessment measures. Pearson product moment correlation, linear regression and independent sample t-test were used to find out the results. The results indicated significant positive relationship of extraversion and significant negative relationship of conscientiousness with Facebook addiction. Extraversion personality trait positively predicted Facebook addiction while conscientiousness personality trait negatively predicted Facebook addiction. Agreeableness, Emotional Stability and Intellect personality traits were insignificant for Facebook addiction. Additionally, insignificant differences were revealed between Facebook addicted teenagers and young adults. The study would be an addition to the academic literature on personality and social psychology, and better understanding of Facebook addicted teenagers and young adults for counseling and psychotherapy.

The lack of women’s presence in firms’ top management positions reflects gender equity problems, especially in South Asia, including Pakistan, and contours a firm’s financial behavior. Based on the underpinning of the conceptual framework developed by a combination of fourteen femininity theories, the current study investigates women’s induction in top management and its impact on a firm’s financial behavior. We collected data from annual reports of 60 non-financial firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for 2013–2019. The study uses the return of assets (ROA), firm’s stability (FSTB), and risk-taking behavior (RTB) as dependent variables. Meanwhile, board gender diversity (BGD), female CEO (FCEO), female director-general (FDG), and female in audit committee (FIAC) are taken as independent variables. A multiple regression diagnostics approach is applied to analyze the data. The study reveals the positive impact of BGD on ROA and FSTB. However, this effect is adverse to RTB. The FIAC shows a positive (negative) impact on ROA (RTB). It also finds a negative impact of FCEO and FDG on ROA and FSTB.

The study aims at quantifying the impact of innovative methods of payment used in Pakistan on the efficiency ratio (ER). Secondary data issued by the State Bank of Pakistan for the period 2007-2016 is used. Through the unit root test, the issue of stationary imperfection connected with unsynchronized arrangement information is settled before using multiple regression models. The result of the study indicated a significant positive relation of transactions on the Web/Internet on ER. But the results for Automated Teller Machines (ATM), Point of Sale (POS), and Mobile Banking (MOB), were found to be statistically non-significant. Furthermore, the Granger impact appraisal revealed that no innovative products had a critical effect on ER, but they did have a significant effect on the value of transactions. Thus, it is suggested that innovative methods should be redesigned in such a way that customization would enable a customer to access all banking services and reduce transaction costs. JEL Codes: O, O3, O31, O310