Andrea Castoldi
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Previous Organizations / Institutes
The organizations / institutes from the scholar's other articles in the past ten years
Research Subjects
Research Interests
Andrea Castoldi has a total of 341 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- C. Guazzoni
Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
22 shared publications - Matteo Porro
European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
9 shared publications - Stefano Maffessanti
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
8 shared publications - Carlo Fiorini
Politecnico di Milano
5 shared publications Florian Erdinger
EXTOLL GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
5 shared publications- Karsten Hansen
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
5 shared publications
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 18 September 2026
- Published by Springer Nature in Scientific Reports
Simulation of gain suppression dynamics in low gain avalanche detectors (LGAD): coupling avalanche multiplication with multi-body Coulomb interaction
- 18 September 2026
- Published by Springer Nature in Scientific Reports
Open AccessSimulation of gain suppression dynamics in low gain avalanche detectors (LGAD): coupling avalanche multiplication with multi-body Coulomb interaction
- Open Access
- 20 May 2026
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Vol. 1090
From charge tracking to signal formation: A multi-body approach for simulating Coulomb effects in semiconductor detectors
- 20 May 2026
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Vol. 1090
Open AccessFrom charge tracking to signal formation: A multi-body approach for simulating Coulomb effects in semiconductor detectors
- Open Access
- 19 August 2024
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Vol. 1068
Experimental qualification and modelling of the non-linear response of the DEPFET active pixel sensor for the DSSC camera
- 19 August 2024
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Vol. 1068
Open AccessExperimental qualification and modelling of the non-linear response of the DEPFET active pixel sensor for the DSSC camera
- 10 May 2024
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Vol. 1064
Experimental characterization of discrimination capabilities of EJ-276 and EJ-276G read by SiMP by pulse-shape analysis techniques
- 10 May 2024
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Vol. 1064
Experimental characterization of discrimination capabilities of EJ-276 and EJ-276G read by SiMP by pulse-shape analysis techniques
- Open Access
- 15 September 2023
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Vol. 1057
Qualification of the X-ray spectral performance of the DEPFET pixels of the DSSC imager
- 15 September 2023
- Published by Elsevier in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Vol. 1057
Open AccessQualification of the X-ray spectral performance of the DEPFET pixels of the DSSC imager
- Open Access
- 21 July 2023
- Published by Springer Nature in Scientific Reports
- Vol. 13 (1) , 1-12
A 64k pixel CMOS-DEPFET module for the soft X-rays DSSC imager operating at MHz-frame rates
The 64k pixel DEPFET module is the key sensitive component of the DEPFET Sensor with Signal Compression (DSSC), a large area 2D hybrid detector for capturing and measuring soft X-rays at the European XFEL. The final 1-megapixel camera has to detect photons with energies between $$250\,\text{eV}$$ and $$6\,\text{keV}$$ , and must provide a peak frame rate of $$4.5\,\text{MHz}$$ to cope with the unique bunch structure of the European XFEL. This work summarizes the functionalities and properties of the first modules assembled with full-format CMOS-DEPFET arrays, featuring $$512\,\times \,128$$ hexagonally-shaped pixels with a side length of 136 μm. The pixel sensors utilize the DEPFET technology to realize an extremely low input capacitance for excellent energy resolution and, at the same time, an intrinsic capability of signal compression without any gain switching. Each pixel of the readout ASIC includes a DEPFET-bias current cancellation circuitry, a trapezoidal-shaping filter, a 9-bit ADC and a 800-word long digital memory. The trimming, calibration and final characterization were performed in a laboratory test-bench at DESY. All detector features are assessed at $$18\,^{\circ }\text{C}$$ . An outstanding equivalent noise charge of $$9.8$$ e−rms is achieved at 1.1-MHz frame rate and gain of 26.8 Analog-to-Digital Unit per keV ( $$\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ ). At $$4.5\,\text{MHz}$$ and $$3.1\,\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ , a noise of $$25.5$$ e−rms and a dynamic range of $$26\,\text{k}\text {e}^{-}$$ are obtained. The highest dynamic range of $$1.345\,\text{M}\text {e}^{-}$$ is reached at $$2.25\,\text{MHz}$$ and $$1.6\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ . These values can fulfill the specification of the DSSC project.- 21 July 2023
- Published by Springer Nature in Scientific Reports
- Vol. 13 (1) , 1-12
Open AccessA 64k pixel CMOS-DEPFET module for the soft X-rays DSSC imager operating at MHz-frame rates
The 64k pixel DEPFET module is the key sensitive component of the DEPFET Sensor with Signal Compression (DSSC), a large area 2D hybrid detector for capturing and measuring soft X-rays at the European XFEL. The final 1-megapixel camera has to detect photons with energies between $$250\,\text{eV}$$ and $$6\,\text{keV}$$ , and must provide a peak frame rate of $$4.5\,\text{MHz}$$ to cope with the unique bunch structure of the European XFEL. This work summarizes the functionalities and properties of the first modules assembled with full-format CMOS-DEPFET arrays, featuring $$512\,\times \,128$$ hexagonally-shaped pixels with a side length of 136 μm. The pixel sensors utilize the DEPFET technology to realize an extremely low input capacitance for excellent energy resolution and, at the same time, an intrinsic capability of signal compression without any gain switching. Each pixel of the readout ASIC includes a DEPFET-bias current cancellation circuitry, a trapezoidal-shaping filter, a 9-bit ADC and a 800-word long digital memory. The trimming, calibration and final characterization were performed in a laboratory test-bench at DESY. All detector features are assessed at $$18\,^{\circ }\text{C}$$ . An outstanding equivalent noise charge of $$9.8$$ e−rms is achieved at 1.1-MHz frame rate and gain of 26.8 Analog-to-Digital Unit per keV ( $$\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ ). At $$4.5\,\text{MHz}$$ and $$3.1\,\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ , a noise of $$25.5$$ e−rms and a dynamic range of $$26\,\text{k}\text {e}^{-}$$ are obtained. The highest dynamic range of $$1.345\,\text{M}\text {e}^{-}$$ is reached at $$2.25\,\text{MHz}$$ and $$1.6\,\text {ADU}/\text{keV}$$ . These values can fulfill the specification of the DSSC project. - Open Access
- 1 June 2023
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
- Vol. 70 (7) , 1431-1435
Feasibility Study of the Use of Operational Amplifiers as Forward Gain Stages in Charge Preamplifiers and Shaping Filters for Radiation Detectors
Different application fields require the development of charge preamplifiers to be coupled with dedicated radiation detectors. In view of fast prototyping and targeting a medium number of readout channels, there are several advantages in the use of operational amplifiers (OpAmps) for the forward gain stage of charge preamplifiers and shaping filters. In this paper we present the feasibility study, design and qualification of an OpAmp-based, charge preamplifier suited to equip a smart rad-hard detection system for the diagnostics and tagging of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) at high intensities (10 6 pps or higher). The paper illustrates the conception and design of the fast readout system and presents the detailed analysis and qualification of its performance.
- 1 June 2023
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
- Vol. 70 (7) , 1431-1435
Open AccessFeasibility Study of the Use of Operational Amplifiers as Forward Gain Stages in Charge Preamplifiers and Shaping Filters for Radiation Detectors
Different application fields require the development of charge preamplifiers to be coupled with dedicated radiation detectors. In view of fast prototyping and targeting a medium number of readout channels, there are several advantages in the use of operational amplifiers (OpAmps) for the forward gain stage of charge preamplifiers and shaping filters. In this paper we present the feasibility study, design and qualification of an OpAmp-based, charge preamplifier suited to equip a smart rad-hard detection system for the diagnostics and tagging of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) at high intensities (10 6 pps or higher). The paper illustrates the conception and design of the fast readout system and presents the detailed analysis and qualification of its performance.
- Open Access
- 20 February 2023
- Published by International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) in Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
- Vol. 30 (2) , 284-300
Photon-shot-noise-limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL
Femtosecond transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here, a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL) is presented. It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot by shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, an imaging detector capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst is employed, and allows a photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity to be approached. The setup and its capabilities are reviewed as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users.
- 20 February 2023
- Published by International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) in Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
- Vol. 30 (2) , 284-300
Open AccessPhoton-shot-noise-limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL
Femtosecond transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here, a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL) is presented. It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot by shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, an imaging detector capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst is employed, and allows a photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity to be approached. The setup and its capabilities are reviewed as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users.
- 1 January 2023
- Published by Optica Publishing Group
- p. Th2A.29
Disaggregated SCI Estimation for QoT-E in Mixed Fibers Network Segments
We propose a spatially disaggregated model for self-channel noise coherent buildup in mixed fibers lines including dispersion compensated spans. We show that properly modeling coherence is crucial for accurate GSNR estimation.
- 1 January 2023
- Published by Optica Publishing Group
- p. Th2A.29
Disaggregated SCI Estimation for QoT-E in Mixed Fibers Network Segments
We propose a spatially disaggregated model for self-channel noise coherent buildup in mixed fibers lines including dispersion compensated spans. We show that properly modeling coherence is crucial for accurate GSNR estimation.