Isnawati Isnawati

Background: Leprosy remains a global public health problem, and the emergence of resistance to Multidrug Therapy (MDT) poses a serious obstacle to eradication efforts.Objective: This study aims to systematically review the mechanisms of resistance, the types of drugs involved, and the diagnostic approaches, while mapping research trends through bibliometric analysis.Methods: The study was conducted using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on PRISMA guidelines with data sourced from Scopus for the 2015–2025 publication period. Of the 11,166 identified articles, only 16 met the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, a bibliometric analysis using the Bibliometrix R package on 2,214 publications was conducted to describe country scientific production, country production over time, co-occurrence, and word cloud.Results: The results showed that gene mutations rpoB, folP1, and gyrAis a major determinant of resistance to rifampin, dapsone, and ofloxacin, while new mechanisms such as partial duplication folP1 and compensatory mutations in rpoC indicates increasingly complex resistance patterns. India and Brazil contribute the most publications, in line with their high disease burden, while Indonesia's figures are relatively low despite being a major endemic country.Conclusion: This study emphasizes that MDT resistance requires more precise strategies, including strengthening molecular surveillance, genetic-based diagnostics, and developing locally tailored therapeutic policies. Increased research capacity and international collaboration are also needed to accelerate the achievement of global leprosy elimination targets.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, both in fasting and postprandial conditions. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease closely associated with dietary patterns. One strategy to help maintain stable blood glucose levels is the consumption of foods with a low glycemic index content. Substituting porang flour and mung bean flour for tapioca flour, along with the addition of moringa leaves, is expected to produce rice paper with a low glycemic index. This study employed an experimental design using a completely randomized design (CRD). The study consisted of one control formula and one best modified formula were further analyzed for total sugar and starch content. These two formulations were then tested on 10 healthy subjects to determine their glycemic index values. The control formula rice paper has a glycemic index of 61.38, which is considered moderate. The best modified formula rice paper has a glycemic index of 33.97, which is considered low. An independent sample t-test revealed a significant difference in glycemic index values between the control and the best modified formula. Using local ingredients in the production of functional foods can be one way to promote regional commodities. Furthermore, consumer health concerns can also increase the potential for future growth in functional food innovation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally transformed educational practices globally, particularly in virus-related learning at the secondary school level. This study aimed to analyze the transformation of virus learning approaches in senior high schools through a comparative bibliometric analysis of pre-pandemic (2015-2019) and post-pandemic (2020-2024) periods. A systematic bibliometric approach was employed using Scopus database, analyzing 348 documents that met the inclusion criteria through keyword combinations related to virus learning, teaching methodologies, and secondary education. Data analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software (version 1.6.18) to generate network maps and visualizations based on co-occurrence analysis of author keywords. The results revealed a dramatic increase in publications after 2020, peaking at nearly 30 publications in 2021 compared to an average of 9-12 publications annually during 2015-2019. Geographically, the United States maintained dominance with intensity scores increasing from 8 to 20, while European regions showed more balanced distribution and Asian countries demonstrated significant growth in research contributions. Content analysis indicated a substantial shift from HIV/AIDS focused learning in the pre-pandemic period to integrated approaches combining COVID-19 materials with traditional virus education post-pandemic. The transformation encompassed methodological changes including hybrid learning adoption, digital technology integration, and enhanced emphasis on health literacy and contextual understanding. Future projections suggest virus learning will become increasingly holistic, integrating biomedical aspects with socio-educational contexts to provide a comprehensive understanding of health challenges. This transformation reflects the education system's adaptation to post-pandemic realities while maintaining focus on pre-existing health issues, ultimately preparing students for complex future health challenges through interdisciplinary learning approaches.

Anemia pada kehamilan biasanya terjadi pada trimester I dan III dengan kadar Hb dibawah 11gr% dan trimester II dengan kadar Hb kurang dari 10,5gr%. Beberapa faktor penyebab anemia yang sering muncul pada ibu hamil seperti kurang gizi dan kurang zat besi, malabsorbsi, kehilangan darah pada masa persalinan lalu, dan penyakit kronik seperti TBC, paru, cacing usus, malaria sehingga anemia zat besi dalam kehamilan dapat mengakibatkan meningkatnya AKI dan AKB. (1). Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 30. Hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh buah kurma dan tablet fe terhadap peningkatan kadar HB ibu hamil (0.000). Kesimpulan buah kurma dan tablet fe dapat meningkatkan kadar HB ibu hamil.

Isnawati, Muhaimin FI, Rahayu DA, Fitrihidajati H, Ratnasari E. 2023. Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs. Biodiversitas 24: 2906-2911. The provision of cellulolytic bacteria as probiotics in goat feed is crucial to their growth and health. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor the effects of providing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of goats as probiotics in feed rations. Probiotic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of goat food fed with a fermented feed containing a combination of hyacinth and corn cob. In this study, the probiotic types are also different from other studies, namely Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus brevis, and Pseudomonas diminuta. Therefore, its effects on the vegetative and generative growth from various age groups and sexes of test goats are investigated. The goats tested were divided into two groups: fed with and without probiotics, with subgroups based on their sexes (male and female) and age groups (baby, juvenile, and adult). The tested goats were fed for 35 days, and their weight gain and sperm quality were observed; in general, weight gain was observed in goats fed the probiotics. Furthermore, the quality of spermatozoa in adult male goats fed with probiotics is higher than without probiotics, which includes its viability (52.2% to 36.9%), motility (48.1% and ++++ to 33.2% and ++), volume and concentration (1.05 mL/ejaculate with 3.7×10⁹ cells/mL to 0.55 mL/ejaculated with 2.6×10⁹ cells/mL). Based on the results, adding cellulolytic bacterial probiotics to the feed promotes the vegetative growth of goats in different age groups, in male and female goats. Also, it improves reproductive performance in adult male test goats.

This research is about pathogen capacity of the Helicoverpa armigera nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (HaNPV) after irradiation by ultra violet (UV) light. The HaNPV is the one kind of the virus which attack the insect Helicoverpa armigera-attacker the some species of the crop life tobacco, cotton, potato, tomato. Because of that the HaNPV can be used as the biological control of the pest. Some researcher stated that the pathogen capacity of the HaNPV is decrease if the virus was expose in the ultra violet (UV) light. Because of the fact the virus in not useful as the biological control of the pest in the land corp. This research to test the statement. Laboratory experimental was done to tested the pathogen capacity of the HaNPV after irradiation treatment by the ultra violet light. The intensity of the UV light in this experiment were 28.7 lux, 97.3 lux, and 127.4 lux with the lighting period were 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. The result of the research stated that the pathogen capacity of the HaNPV was not influenced by ultra violet light. So the virus is still useful as the biological control of the pest in the land crop.