Fitriari Izzatunnisa Muhaimin

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, both in fasting and postprandial conditions. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease closely associated with dietary patterns. One strategy to help maintain stable blood glucose levels is the consumption of foods with a low glycemic index content. Substituting porang flour and mung bean flour for tapioca flour, along with the addition of moringa leaves, is expected to produce rice paper with a low glycemic index. This study employed an experimental design using a completely randomized design (CRD). The study consisted of one control formula and one best modified formula were further analyzed for total sugar and starch content. These two formulations were then tested on 10 healthy subjects to determine their glycemic index values. The control formula rice paper has a glycemic index of 61.38, which is considered moderate. The best modified formula rice paper has a glycemic index of 33.97, which is considered low. An independent sample t-test revealed a significant difference in glycemic index values between the control and the best modified formula. Using local ingredients in the production of functional foods can be one way to promote regional commodities. Furthermore, consumer health concerns can also increase the potential for future growth in functional food innovation.

Rice productivity improvement is an urgent priority to secure food availability in Indonesia, and polyploid induction using antimitotic compounds provides a promising strategy. This study evaluated agronomic responses of four rice genotypes (Cibogo, F4 Sb × Cb, F4 Sb × Ch, and Ciherang) following in vivo seed soaking with natural antimitotic extracts from Gloriosa superba, Catharanthus roseus, and Elephantopus scaber at varying concentrations. Seeds were treated with standardized antimitotic solutions and key traits—tiller number, plant height, panicle production, leaf number, panicle weight, and stomatal characteristics—were assessed. The results revealed clear genotype-specific and dose-dependent responses. The 10% G. superba treatment consistently enhanced tiller formation, plant height, and panicle production across most genotypes, and produced “giant rice” phenotypes in F4 Sb × Cb. Cibogo showed the heaviest panicles under 10% E. scaber and 15% G. superba, while Ciherang performed best at lower doses, particularly 5% C. roseus and 5-10% G. superba. In contrast, stomatal density and size remained relatively stable, indicating that stomatal traits are not reliable standalone markers of polyploidization. Collectively, these findings highlight the agronomic potential of G. superba—particularly at ~10%—as a candidate natural antimitotic extract to improve yield-related traits. However, because direct cytological verification (e.g., flow cytometry and/or chromosome counting) was not performed in this study, the observed responses should be interpreted as polyploid-like or putative outcomes that require validation in future work.

Senduro goats, a local breed of meat and dairy goats from Indonesia, are recognized for their significance in improving goat breeding and preserving valuable genetic resources. However, limited information exists regarding the reproductive physiology of Senduro goats, which poses challenges to the development of breeding programs and the preservation of genetic resources. This study aimed to investigate the morphological and reproductive profiles of male Senduro goats at different ages, focusing on morphological characteristics, mating behavior, and sperm quality. Morphological characteristics are assessed through body length measurements, while mating behavior serves as an indicator of reproductive behavior. Macroscopic evaluations of sperm quality include assessments of color, viscosity, pH, and volume, while microscopic examinations encompass motility (mass and individual), viability, and spermatozoa membrane integrity. The results showed morphological similarities between juvenile and adult samples, with their testicular size being the only significant difference. Based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations, no significant differences were found between groups. From the results it was concluded that there were no distinct differences in morphological characteristics, mating behavior, and sperm quality between male Senduro goats in the juvenile and adult stages.

Isnawati, Muhaimin FI, Rahayu DA, Fitrihidajati H, Ratnasari E. 2023. Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs. Biodiversitas 24: 2906-2911. The provision of cellulolytic bacteria as probiotics in goat feed is crucial to their growth and health. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor the effects of providing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of goats as probiotics in feed rations. Probiotic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of goat food fed with a fermented feed containing a combination of hyacinth and corn cob. In this study, the probiotic types are also different from other studies, namely Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus brevis, and Pseudomonas diminuta. Therefore, its effects on the vegetative and generative growth from various age groups and sexes of test goats are investigated. The goats tested were divided into two groups: fed with and without probiotics, with subgroups based on their sexes (male and female) and age groups (baby, juvenile, and adult). The tested goats were fed for 35 days, and their weight gain and sperm quality were observed; in general, weight gain was observed in goats fed the probiotics. Furthermore, the quality of spermatozoa in adult male goats fed with probiotics is higher than without probiotics, which includes its viability (52.2% to 36.9%), motility (48.1% and ++++ to 33.2% and ++), volume and concentration (1.05 mL/ejaculate with 3.7×10⁹ cells/mL to 0.55 mL/ejaculated with 2.6×10⁹ cells/mL). Based on the results, adding cellulolytic bacterial probiotics to the feed promotes the vegetative growth of goats in different age groups, in male and female goats. Also, it improves reproductive performance in adult male test goats.

Significance: Immunoglobulin heavy chain checkpoint (IgHCC) is a critical step during early B cell development. The role of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgHC) at this step is well established. However, with the expanding knowledge of RNA in regulating central biological processes, there could be a noncoding contribution of IgHC mRNA ( IgHR ) in controlling the IgHCC. Here, we generated a novel mouse model that enabled us to determine a potential role of IgHR in the IgHCC, independent of IgHC signaling. Our data indicate that IgHR has no role in IgHCC and the latter is predominantly controlled by IgHC, as proposed earlier. Furthermore, this study highlights the sensitivity of progenitor B cells to low amounts of IgHC.