Partha Sarathi Mishra

According to the Times of India, Baripada city recorded the highest temperature in the world on April 14, 2023, at 43.5°C. It is located in the south‐west direction of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve. Observing the third highest temperature in the world, we are interested in finding out the reasons affecting climate change. This paper investigates the reasons for the temperature change in Baripada city and its surroundings by considering factors like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Multi‐band Drought Index (NMDI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built‐up Index (NDBI), forest fires, rainfall patterns, wind patterns, and registration of motor vehicles. For this study, data has been collected from USGS (United States Geological Survey), NASA POWER, Forest Survey of India, ArcGIS Online, etc. The study of NDVI shows a significant relationship with the LST. Similarly, NMDI shows an abnormal change in the drought index from 0.092 in 1990 to 0.276 in 2022, and NDWI shows a continuous reduction of the water index of −0.382 in 1990 and −0.176 in 2010, followed by −0.212 in 2022. NDBI values show that the urban build‐up index is increased to an extent due to rapid urban settlements removing natural vegetation. The overall forest fire count found an abnormal rise in the Baripada region during 2011 and 2022 to 143 times. Focusing on all the above factors, an experimental study is finally carried out to confirm the rise in temperature using time‐series analysis and a multi‐layer locally tuned hidden layer perceptron (MLTHP) model to ensure the Times of India's report.

Freshwater supply is critical for domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes. A good supply of clean water is normally obtained from surface and groundwater water bodies. Nonetheless, many localities rely heavily on the later as the main source of their water resource. Therefore, proper...

Weather prediction has gained a point of attraction for many researchers of variant research communities. The emerging deep learning techniques have motivated many researches to explore hidden hierarchical pattern in the great mass of weather dataset for weather prediction. In this chapter, four different categories of computationally efficient deep learning models—CNN, LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and ConvLSTM—have been critically examined for improved weather prediction. Here, emphasis has been given on supervised learning techniques for model development by considering the importance of feature engineering. Feature engineering plays a vital role in reducing dimension, decreasing model complexity as well as handling the noise and corrupted data. Using daily maximum temperature, this chapter investigates the performance of different deep learning models for improved predictions. The results obtained from different experiments conducted ensures that the feature engineering based deep learning study for the purpose of predictive modeling using time series data is really an encouraging approach.

Cash forecasting is one of the important tasks in the domain of computational finance. A number of tools have been developed by various groups of researchers and are being used by banks or corporate to identify future cash needs. However, due to the high degree of non-linearity of the problem and surrounded by many local optimal solutions, this paper propose a multi-layer locally tuned perceptron (MLTP) to forecast the future needs and at the same time reduce the users frustration. It uses a fine tuned MLTP to forecast a daily cash demand of an automated teller machine (ATM). Further, potential indicators are used to making the model robust in terms of its efficiency and accuracy. The accuracy is compared against a traditional time series method. Furthermore, it is validated using the past data collected from the SBI ATM of Bhadrak district of Odisha, India. The performance of the method is encouraging. This system can be scaled for all branches of a bank in an area by incorporating historical data from these branches.