Kamal Lochan Mohanta

The high-temperature superconducting material Bi₂Sr₂CaCuO₈, (Bi-2212) holds major potential for advanced electronic and superconducting technological applications. The present study investigates the complete set of structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics in Bi-2212 while focusing on interface and heterostructure features with Oxygen doping. The dominance of Cu orbital in the undoped system has been observed over the other orbitals. However, the oxygen contribution variation has been observed in the doped system with a tetragonal structure. Higher magnetic moments in the doped system resulted in the spin density modulation. The stripe order phases of Bi-2212 exhibit different local magnetic moments for Cu sites with a magnitude of ±0.58 μB alternating in the upper and lower layers. The decrease in Cu occupancy is due to the hole buildup. The band structure shows a maximum near k ≈ 0.2 and a minimum around k ≈ 0.8, indicating the electronic states’ energy variations. The local Cu–O bond length changed due to planar oxygen position alterations along the α\alpha-axis. The role of different kinds of defects in the doped system is well analyzed. The presence of oxygen interstitials enhances the critical temperature and improves conductivity by adding more carriers to the material. The Bi-2212/Bi₃Se₃ exhibits the highest T_c, showing exceptionally strong effects through their critical temperature (96 K), resulting in a high electrical conductivity (5900 S/cm). The optical conductivity maintains a gradual upward trend, as it implies that improved carrier response occurs at elevated frequencies. Interactions between heterojunction materials lead to advancements that allow better superconducting electronics, quantum devices, and energy-efficient technologies.

According to the Times of India, Baripada city recorded the highest temperature in the world on April 14, 2023, at 43.5°C. It is located in the south‐west direction of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve. Observing the third highest temperature in the world, we are interested in finding out the reasons affecting climate change. This paper investigates the reasons for the temperature change in Baripada city and its surroundings by considering factors like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Multi‐band Drought Index (NMDI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built‐up Index (NDBI), forest fires, rainfall patterns, wind patterns, and registration of motor vehicles. For this study, data has been collected from USGS (United States Geological Survey), NASA POWER, Forest Survey of India, ArcGIS Online, etc. The study of NDVI shows a significant relationship with the LST. Similarly, NMDI shows an abnormal change in the drought index from 0.092 in 1990 to 0.276 in 2022, and NDWI shows a continuous reduction of the water index of −0.382 in 1990 and −0.176 in 2010, followed by −0.212 in 2022. NDBI values show that the urban build‐up index is increased to an extent due to rapid urban settlements removing natural vegetation. The overall forest fire count found an abnormal rise in the Baripada region during 2011 and 2022 to 143 times. Focusing on all the above factors, an experimental study is finally carried out to confirm the rise in temperature using time‐series analysis and a multi‐layer locally tuned hidden layer perceptron (MLTHP) model to ensure the Times of India's report.

In the process of developing industries to eradicate poverty, developing countries continue to invest more in their land use system, as this may provide a safeguard to food security through a healthy ecosystem and have a positive impact on sustainability. The Geographic Information System (GIS) has created an unprecedented world of possibilities for processing data from remote sensing and other sources. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), in conjunction with geospatial technology, provides a tool for industrial area mapping and management. The current research was conducted in three blocks of the Baleshwar district in northern Odisha, India. Analysis of a location's physical, social, and economic factors to see if it is good for a certain use, like an industrial setup, urban planning, or recreational use, is becoming more and more important in today's world so that important decisions can be made within a short period. Due to the fact that the present research location is located in close proximity to both hilly terrain and a coastal plan, the site's appropriateness may be improved by employing a variety of factors to design an industrial setup that is economically viable. The goal of the study is to apply land suitability analysis (LSA) to identify existing land use in areas with industrial growth potential so that agricultural and industrial development may focus on long‐term sustainability. According to this study, 16.6% (201.79 km²) of the area is highly suitable, 48.2% (586.96 km²) is moderately suitable, 15.5% (188.40 km²) is less suitable, and 19.71% (239.73 km²) is not suitable at all. Due to the abundance of raw materials, improved communication, and proximity to the shore, the Baleswar block has the largest percentage of highly suitable areas when compared to the Remuna and Nilgiri blocks of the research area.

Freshwater supply is critical for domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes. A good supply of clean water is normally obtained from surface and groundwater water bodies. Nonetheless, many localities rely heavily on the later as the main source of their water resource. Therefore, proper...