Emine Aydin

This study analyses building foundation models with and without expansion joints, investigating the effects of deep soil mixing (DSM) on settlement and the effect of expansion joints on stress distribution. Numerical models were developed to evaluate the impact of DSM parameters, including diameter, length, and spacing, as well as the influence of mini-piles and anchorage systems on the support structure, and showed that increasing the diameter and length of DSM columns significantly reduced settlements, achieving reductions of 81-94% in models with expansion joints and 77-94% in models without expansion joints. In models with expansion joints and without joints, closely spaced DSM applications (1.3 m) have significantly reduced settlement and also prevented non-uniform settlement. Expansion joints limit stress interaction between blocks, interrupt stress continuity, and thus prevent the propagation of secondary stresses arising from non-uniform settlement, temperature effects, and stiffness differences. The relationship between DSM length and settlement is similar to the relationship between DSM diameter and settlement. For this study, a DSM length of 12 meters and a DSM diameter of 0.4 meters were determined as the ideal DSM parameters. DSM configuration with 12 meter length, 0.4 m diameter, and 1.3 m spacing was identified as the most efficient solution in terms of both performance and cost for this project. These findings indicate that expansion joints are a secondary parameter in settlement control under DSM-improved soil conditions, that soil improvement properties should be prioritised in design evaluations, and that expansion joints are an important criterion in terms of stress distribution.

In this study, the effect of the friction damper location on the earthquake behavior of a building was investigated. Diagonal braced friction dampers were placed on different floors, and the changes in building behavior were examined. For this purpose, a scaled experimental building model with five floors, with a single span in the x and y directions, was used. Numerical model validation was carried out by taking into account the experimental and numerical period values obtained via the effect of free vibration. The period, peak displacement, and maximum shear force of the friction dampers, arranged in various configurations, were compared using the numerical model in conjunction with three different earthquake acceleration records. According to the investigations, the damper performance of the design changes depending on the earthquake acceleration that is affecting the building. Friction dampers located on the lower floors are more effective at reducing period, peak displacement, and floor shear forces than those located on the upper floors.

The contribution of GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) fabric to the bending behavior of steel RHS (rectangular hollow section) beams was investigated by experimental and numerical studies. In the first part of the study, small-scale RHS profiles were strengthened with GFRP fabrics in ten different configurations in the experimental study. The bending behavior of the profiles was determined by three-point bending tests, and the best strengthening configuration was decided. The numerical models were verified with the experimental results. In the second part, real-size RHS beams were strengthened with the optimum strengthening configuration. In the results of the study, it was determined that the U-shaped strengthening provided the maximum contribution to the RHS beams bending behavior. The minimum GFRP size to be used in strengthening is important, as an insufficient GFRP length leads to GFRP failure, and the number of layers should be increased for more load capacity. A total of 25% of the net beam span was determined to be the minimum GRFP length. In full-size beams, a double-layer GFRP increased the maximum load-bearing capacity by 7%. Formulas were obtained to determine the contribution of single and double-layered U-shaped GFRP to the shape factors of the RHS. With the formulations, the plastic moment capacity can be determined.

Binaların güçlendirilmesinde binada perde duvarların veya sönümleyicilerin kullanıldığı görülmektedir. İki uygulama arasından sönümleyiciler zaman tasarrufu ve uygulama kolaylığı açısından ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sürtünmeli sönümleyicilerin küçük ölçekli binanın deprem davranışına olan etkisi incelenmiştir. İncelemede tek açıklıklı ve tek katlı çelik deneysel model bina oluşturularak sarsma tablasında deneysel olarak, SAP2000 programında ise nümerik olarak sürtünmeli sönümleyicinin binanın deprem davranışına etkisi belirlenmiştir. Nümerik kısımda Zaman Tanım Alanında Analiz kullanılarak binaya iki farklı deprem kaydı uygulanmıştır. Sönümleyicili ve sönümleyicisiz binanın frekans ve tepe noktası yerdeğiştirmesi değerleri karşılaştırılarak sürtünmeli sönümleyicinin model binanın davranışına etkisi belirlenmiştir. Sürtünmeli sönümleyici binanın frekansının %121, yerdeğiştirme değerinin ise depremin büyüklüğüne bağlı olarak en az %70 azalmasını sağlamıştır.

Torsional demand acting on beams can significantly effect structural behavior and cause high-local stresses. The torsional resistance of beams can be potentially increased by using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. In this study, basalt (BFRP) and carbon (CFRP) fabrics with different layouts are used to strength the steel I-beams, and the enhancement in the torsional strength is investigated experimentally and numerically. First, 12 specimens are reinforced using BFRP and CFRP fabrics bonded to the web of steel I-beams in three different layouts to carry out the experimental study. In total, 14 specimens are tested under torsion including two reference beams. Second, a numerical model is developed to capture the torsional behavior of web-reinforced steel beams. After the numerical model is verified satisfactorily, a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effect of FRP strengthening on steel beams for flange-only and full reinforcement alternatives. In the experiments, fully web-bonded FRP strengthening configuration achieved 18% and 14% increase in torsional capacities for BFRP and CFRP sheets compared to reference, respectively. In last, it is discovered by the parametric study that the full reinforcement using FRP on the web and flanges can achieve up to 43% increase.

One of the common methods used as an alternative to shear walls in the retrofit of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is steel braces. The use of steel braces is preferred because of its rapid application as well as the increase in stiffness and strength. By using different types of braces in reinforced concrete frames, displacements can be reduced and properties such as structural performance, shear capacity, ductility, stiffness and strength can be increased. If the behavior characteristics of the hybrid system are known, the structural performance of the reinforced building can be predicted after the retrofit. In this study, the effect of different types of steel braces recommended in the Turkey Building Earthquake Code 2018 (TBEC-2018) on reinforced concrete building retrofit, was investigated. For this purpose, a 9-storey RC frame system was retrofitted using diagonal, X, inverted V, V and K type bracings. Considering the strength and stiffness results, an answer was searched for the question of which brace type had the best result in retrofit. The results obtained from the analyzes show that the X and K type bracings stand out in terms of strength and stiffness.