Tetiana Fesenko

The object of research is the processes of dynamic allocation of computational tasks in heterogeneous Edge-Fog infrastructures of remote patient monitoring systems. The problem of dynamic distribution of computational tasks in remote health monitoring systems was addressed. In particular, ensuring a balance between medical data processing latency, energy consumption of wearable devices and compliance with deadlines. Additionally, user mobility, changes in the quality of wireless communication and the cost of transferring tasks between Edge and Fog nodes were taken into account. Data confidentiality was ensured using secure communication channels, remote attestation and a trusted environment for execution. A system model of dynamic distribution of RPM tasks in a multi-level Cloud-Fog-Edge-IoT infrastructure was developed. The model covers ECG classification (Electrocardiogram, ECG), arrhythmia detection, temperature analysis and user activity recognition. An online offloading algorithm based on Lyapunov theory (Migration-Gated Lyapunov Offloading, MGLO) is proposed. The algorithm accounts for energy consumption, delay, deadlines and the costs of changing the execution node. To protect medical data, the use of TEE (Trusted Execution Environment), secure communication channels and remote attestation of Fog nodes is provided. To validate the solutions, a series of simulations were conducted in the YAFS (Yet Another Fog Simulator) environment with a comparison of the Edge only, LP and Horizon MILP scenarios in modes with and without handover support. It was experimentally established that the proposed MGLO algorithm provides effective distribution of RPM tasks in a mobile Edge-Fog environment. In the mode without handover support, the total energy consumption of wearable devices decreased by more than 2 times compared to the Edge only scenario (from 1,354.74 mWh to 630.15 mWh). In the handover mode, the energy consumption decreased by more than 5 times (from 1,354.74 mWh to 259.39 mWh). The proportion of deadline violations was 0.14% and 0.12%, respectively. The average decision time was 1.9 ms (54–85 times faster compared to the Horizon MILP scenario). Overall, the results confirmed the feasibility of using MGLO for online offloading management in remote health monitoring systems.

The object of the research is the processes of dynamic distribution of computing tasks in multi-level infrastructures of a smart city. The possibilities of integrating edge, fog, and cloud computing resources for the development of remote patient monitoring systems (Remote Patient Monitoring, RPM) were investigated. The study addresses the challenge of balancing the rapid processing of critical medical signals with the limited energy resources of mobile devices. In addition, the need to ensure the confidentiality of personal data when transferring tasks to third-party fog nodes was addressed through encryption, remote attestation mechanisms, and isolated execution environments. A comprehensive system model was developed to describe the processes of performing RPM tasks (ECG classification, audio analysis). An offloading strategy was developed, based on a weighted linear to minimize energy consumption and delay. An architectural framework is proposed to ensure the confidentiality of data processing on uncontrolled fog nodes, through the use of Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) technologies and the deployment of Trusted Applications (TA). To validate the solutions, a series of simulations was conducted in the YAFS (Yet Another Fog Simulator) environment to compare Mobile, Hybrid, and Fog scenarios. It was experimentally established that transitioning to a Fog-oriented strategy results in a radical reduction in the average system latency (from 0.57 s to 0.027–0.030 s). The load on the smartphone is reduced by more than 10 times (from 222–225 mWh to 20.3–20.4 mWh), and the autonomy of wearable sensors increases almost fivefold. It is proven that the use of fog computing provides stable Quality of Service (QoS) on equipment with lower power (500 MIPS). The integration of attestation procedures according to RATS (Remote ATtestation procedureS) standard is intended to enable verification of the integrity of the computing stack before the transfer of confidential data.

Assessing a city’s level of smartness according to global indices is a relatively new area of investigation. It is useful in encouraging a rethinking of urban digital strategies, although the different approaches to global smart city rankings have been subject to criticism. This paper highlights the methodological features of constructing the Smart City Index (SCI) from the IMD (International Institute for Management Development) based on residents’ assessments, their satisfaction with electronic services, and their perception of the priority of urban infrastructure areas. The Central European cities of the Visegrad region (Prague/Czech Republic, Budapest/Hungary, Bratislava/Slovakia, Warsaw and Krakow/Poland) were chosen as the basis for an in-depth analysis. The architectonics, i.e., the internal system of constructing and calculating city rankings by SCI, is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the technology indicators (e-services) in five cities of the Visegrad region, presented in the SCI, showed the smart features of each city. The progressive and regressive trends in the dynamics of smartness in the cities in the Visegrad region were identified in five urban spheres indicated in the Index: Government, Activity, Health and Safety, Mobility, and Opportunities. This also made it possible to identify certain methodological gaps in the SCI in establishing interdependencies between the data on the residents’ perception of the priority of areas of life in a particular city and the residents’ level of satisfaction with electronic services. In particular, the structural indicators “Affordable housing” and “Green spaces” are not supported by e-services. This research aims to bridge this methodological gap by proposing a model for evaluating the e-service according to the degree of coverage of different spheres of life in the city. The application of the project, as well as cross-sectoral and systemic approaches, made it possible to develop basic models for assessing the value of e-services. These models can be implemented by municipalities to assess and monitor e-services, as well as to select IT projects and elaborate strategies for smart sustainable city development.

The assessments of a city's level of smartness in global indices are a relatively new area of investigation. It is useful in encouraging a rethinking of urban digital strategies, although different approaches to global smart city rankings are subject to criticism. The paper highlights the methodological features of constructing the Smart City Index (SCI) from IMD (International Institute for Management Development), based on residents’ assessments, their satisfaction with electronic services, and perception of the priority of urban infrastructure areas. The case of the Central European cities of the Visegrad region (Prague/Czech Republic, Budapest/Hungary, Bratislava/Slovakia, Warsaw and Krakow/Poland) was chosen as the basis for the in-depth analysis. The architectonics, the internal system of constructing and calculating city rankings by SCI, is analysed. A comparative analysis of technology indicators (e-services) in five cities of the Visegrad region, presented in the SCI, showed the smart features of each city. The progressive and regressive trends in the dynamics of smartness of Visegrad region cities were identified in five urban spheres indicated in the Index: Government, Activity, Health and Safety, Mobility, and Opportunities. This also made it possible to identify certain methodological gap in the SCI in establishing interdependencies between data on residents’ perception of the priority of areas of life in a particular city and the level of satisfaction of residents with electronic services. In particular, the structural indicators "affordable housing" and "green spaces" are not supported by e-services. The research aims to bridge this methodological gap by proposing a model for evaluating e-service according to the degree of coverage of life spheres in the city. The application of project, cross-sectoral, and systemic approaches made it possible to develop basic models for assessing the value of e-services. These models can be implemented by municipalities to assess and monitor e-services, as well as to select IT projects and elaborate strategies for smart sustainable city development.

The purpose of the study was to determine the published body of knowledge on IT project risk management and identify modern tools, methods, artifacts for effective risk management. The basic principles, processes, methods, and tools of project risk management in international knowledge systems and standards (“Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge”, “ISO 31000:2018. Risk management - Guidelines”, ‘The standard for risk management in portfolios, programs, and projects’). It is emphasized that the use of structured approaches allows minimizing uncertainty, increasing flexibility in decision-making and ensuring the effective achievement of high-tech project goals. The dissertations on risk management of projects in the field of information technology (IT), defended in Ukraine in 2021-2024, were analyzed. It was found that most of the theoretical and practical results are presented in the context of the field of knowledge 12 - Information Technology (specialty 122 - Computer Science). VosViewer Software was used for the bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the Scopus scientific and metric database. Bibliometric maps of keywords of research on IT project risk management were created and structured into twelve clusters: methods of risk and asset management in IT projects; geographic information systems, blockchain and virtual reality for sustainable development; intelligent systems and automation in engineering project management; digital transformation and change management in engineering; information security, big data and trust in project management; risk management in the development of software products based on Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud technologies; digital construction strategies, security, and collaboration; digital technologies for safety management in construction; analytics for IT project risk management; e-Government project management; cybersecurity risk management; IT outsourcing: management, strategies, and integration. A selection of documents most relevant for further research is presented. The results obtained can serve as a basis for further research in the field of security and cybersecurity management of IT projects.

У статті запропоновано новий метод мультирівневого VPN-тунелювання. Метод спрямований на забезпечення безпечного та контрольованого віддаленого доступу до вузлів екстранет-мережі корпоративного рівня. Метод дозволяє створити багаторівневу архітектуру тунелювання, що забезпечує різні рівні доступу для користувачів, залежно від їхньої ролі та привілеїв у корпоративній системі. Це дозволяє значно підвищити загальний рівень безпеки мережної інфраструктури, зокрема у випадках роботи з конфіденційними або критично важливими даними. Використання кількох послідовних VPN-тунелів на різних рівнях мережі створює додаткові шари захисту, що забезпечують надійність передачі даних і захист від різноманітних кібератак, спрямованих на компрометацію окремих вузлів або каналів зв’язку. У статті також детально розглядаються технічні аспекти впровадження та реалізації багаторівневого VPN-тунелювання. Представлено детальні рекомендації щодо налаштування VPN-шлюзів на платформі Proxmox, вибору протоколів шифрування та використання засобів автентифікації для кожного рівня. Крім того, особливу увагу приділено питанням оптимізації роботи VPN- тунелів з метою мінімізації затримок у передачі даних і підвищення ефективності використання мережевих ресурсів. Це дозволяє забезпечити більш стабільне та швидке з’єднання для користувачів, зменшивши вплив на продуктивність мережі. Гнучке розмежування прав доступу користувачів до різних сегментів мережі значно підвищує безпеку та зменшує ризики несанкціонованого доступу. Експериментальне дослідження ефективності роботи реалізації запропонованого методу проводилося за допомогою імітування екстранет-мережі на базі сегменту локальної комп’ютерної мережі кафедри електронних обчислювальних машин Харківського національного університету радіоелектроніки та підтвердило його ефективність у забезпеченні безперебійного та захищеного доступу до екстранет-ресурсів, що підкреслює доцільність його використання в сучасних корпоративних середовищах.

The architectonics of the formation of international indices of e-maturity of public administration is analyzed. The specifics of the dynamics of its realization in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the parameters of basic components of the e-government index are revealed. The comparative analysis of the CEE countries on the development of digital governance has shown, on the one hand, general progress, on the other hand, the presence of national socio-technical specifics in the development of basic components (online service, telecommunication infrastructure, human capital), which significantly affects the dynamics of e-government development in each country. The representation of the basic components of the EGDI revealed a regressive trend of all CEE countries in terms of the Human Capital Index. A methodological focus is outlined, considering national achievements both in terms of a generalized EGDI ranking and the level of each of its components (indices/sub-indices). The “methodological inserts” for the model of e-Government assessment model at the national level (in particular, setting constraints for EGDI components) are developed.

The assessment and monitoring of Polish cities in terms of providing electronic services were explored. It is noticed that a comprehensive analysis of the electronic maturity of the municipality's management system includes evaluations of electronic services by external and internal stakeholders. The indicators of Polish cities in the “Smart City Ranking” were accepted as an assessment of external stakeholders. The conducted informational and contextual analysis testified that Warsaw and Krakow have exemplary practices in “Governance” and “Activities”. E-services in the areas of “Health & Safety”, “Mobility” and “Opportunities (Work & School)” need improvement. The second measurement analysis used the maturity assessment model of the electronic project and program management systems. The e-maturity of municipal e-projects as well as electronic program management systems is based on ICT characteristics. The expert assessment matrices and optimal values of initial indicators of e-maturity formed for each project management knowledge area. The calculation results of the digital implementation of management of municipal e-projects and e-programs by individual components are presented in profile form. This makes it possible to select the optimal set of actions required to achieve a higher level of e-maturity.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of public procurement documents in the domain of university buildings taken from the e-procurement platform, particularly focusing on their transformation towards more efficient energy consumption. Using a corpus of the titles of the public procurement documents from 2020 to 2022, we used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling to understand the key thematic areas of focus. The methodology presented in this study incorporated a bifurcated approach. This two-stage procedure began with preprocessing and dictionary creation from the corpus of titles of procurement documents. Following this, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model was employed for topic extraction and trend analysis, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the thematic progression in procurement practices over time. Our analysis revealed a shift in emphasis from modernization towards the adoption of energy-saving technologies as well as a growing focus on broader sustainability initiatives. However, a less prevalent topic was adherence to cooling & heating systems, suggesting potential areas for improvement in procurement practices. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable procurement in university buildings and offer valuable insight for universities to enhance their energy efficiency strategies.