My Hanh Nguyen Thi

Animal personalities are characterized by within-individual consistency linked to among-individual variability. Personality expression is often dependent on major life history events such as mating and the onset of reproduction. However, while the effects of personality expressed before or during mating on sexual selection are relatively well researched, the influence of male mates on post-mating personality expression of females remains elusive. Here, we hypothesized that in facultatively polyandrous animals, multiple mating increases the females’ assets (i.e. residual reproductive value — RRV), due to direct and/or indirect benefits. Based on the predictions of the asset protection principle, higher RRV should promote behaviors that reduce the risk of fitness loss and hence mediate behavioral repeatability displayed in groups. We tested our hypothesis in group-living predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis. These mites are well suited to address our hypothesis, as they have been shown to gain indirect benefits from multiple mating (Schausberger et al. 2016; Atalay andamp; Schausberger 2018), and female post-mating repeatability in activity is contingent upon the social phenotype of the male mate (Schausberger andamp; Nguyen 2025). Prior to experiments, predatory mite females were presented with one or two mates. Their post-mating repeatability in activity and sociability was then evaluated in groups composed of females of the same and mixed mating types. The groups were videotaped and, from the videos, each mites’ behavior was quantified using automated video-tracking (AnimalTA). Mating frequency had little effect on activity patterns but pronounced effects on sociability traits. Polyandrous females were on average more sociable as well as more repeatable in sociability than monandrous females. We suggest that these behavioral shifts reflect strategies to mitigate inter-individual conflicts within groups to enhance asset protection. Our study suggests that the mating frequency can critically influence female personality expression after mating and highlights the importance of considering mate-related variables in animal personality research.

The color quality of current commercial white light emitting diodes (wLEDs) suffers low performance owing to the lack of the red-emission component. Developing quality and stable red-emission phosphors is feasible among various approaches to obtain the red spectral supplement for the w-LEDs in the pursuit of color quality improvement. In this paper, the Sm3+-Eu3+ codoped Ba2Gd(BO¬3)2Cl (BGBC:Sm-Eu) red phosphor was proposed for using in commercial w-LEDs. Its luminescence and influences on w-LED properties were simulated and presented. The solid-phase method was utilized for the fabrication of the phosphor. The results indicated that the phosphor emitted the strong emission in orange-red region with a peak centering at 593 nm. It can be caused by the proficient power shift between Sm3+ and Eu3+. In the w-LED package, the presence of BGBC:Sm-Eu phosphor stimulated the scattering efficiency to promote the blue-light conversion and extraction. The orange emission spectrum of the w-LED increased with the higher BGBC:Sm-Eu doping amount. The luminous strength of the w-LED was enhanced and so was the color temperature uniformity. The color rendering properties declined with high BGBC:Sm-Eu phosphor concentration owing to the red-light dominance over the light spectrum. The BGBC:Sm-Eu phosphor is a promising red phosphor for improving commercial w-LED color-temperature stability and luminosity. It also helps to obtain full-spectrum w-LED with high color rendition when combined with other blue-to-green luminescent materials.

The conventional phosphor-converted white light emitting diode (WLED) suffers from several drawbacks relevant to heat generation and low rendered performance. Thus, using ultraviolet LEDs was introduced as a solution. It is essential to choose the phosphors with high stability that can activated under 350-410 nm to be compatible with the chips. Rare-earth-doped silicate phosphor is among the most reserched materials for solid-state light devices, thanks to its high stability and low-cost production. This work presents the Eu2+ -doped Ca2MgSi2O7 green phosphor to serve the pursuit of comprehensively enhancing the WLED performances. The f–d transitions and Eu2+ ions mixture take possession of two seperate cation spots in main grids with the help of two emission peaks, one at 465 nm and another at 520 nm. The composition of YAG:Ce3+ and Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphors, and a near-UV chip of 370 nm were utilized to compose WLEDs. Results show that by increasing the Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphor amount, the lumen output, correlated color homogeneity, and color rendering factors can be improved. The paper emphasizes the necessity for the optimal selection of the Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphor concentration, which would be about 10 wt%. The phosphors could be promising in making green-induced white luminous materials for white pc-LEDs with near UV-base.

Diodes emit illumination (LED) display study is focused on straitband green phosphor samples yielding significant effectiveness as well as heating consistency. The cation substitution design technique was used to create Ba1-xCaxScO2F:0.001Bi3+,0.001K+ with x of 0-0.12) perovskite phosphors that emit strait green illumination when activated by a 415 nm chip. The impact of Ca2+ replacement for Ba2+ in the crystal structures of Ba1- xCaxScO2F:0.001- Bi3+,0.001K+ and photoluminescence characteristics were examined. In the space group Pm3m, all of the phosphors have a cubic perovskite-type structure. The development of cell characteristics and the lengthiness of the Ba/ Ca/K/Bi-O bonds were studied. Beneath 415 nm chip stimulation, the phosphors with an interior quantum effectiveness of 77.4 percent produce strong green radiation reaching the peak at 510 nm. The increase of luminous effectiveness and heating steadiness in response to local structural change was thoroughly addressed. The cation substitution design technique discussed here might be a significant way to realizing spectrum modulation by regulating the micro-surrounding within the latticework to achieve outstanding LED backlighting screens.

High performance white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have been the goal of recent research on phosphor-in-glass (PiG) devices. In this paper, we introduce a configuration of WLED that achieves high color rendering index (CRI), and correlated color temperature with the addition of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+, As5+ and YAl3O4B12:Eu3+. The technique is lower the temperature during the creation process of phosphor in glass and control the consistent thickness in between 0.5 to 0.7 mm to yield high color quality PiG, high CRI above 80 WLEDs, and extend the color temperature range to 3,900 to 5,300 K. The consistent heat generation combined with extraordinary CRI for PiG prove that low temperature sintering has the potential to create WLEDs with advanced quality. The improved WLEDs can be utilized in many high-demand lighting fields such as chromatic examination, medical analysis, and aesthetic lighting.

Blue light stimulation, a novel green phosphor, Ce3+-activated CaSc2O4, was created, which emits green illumination with a maximum wavelength of 515 nm. Since the brightness performance of Ce3+-activated CaSc2O4 is equivalent to that of commercial phosphors such as Y3Al5O12: Ce3+, it may be utilized as a substance for chroma transformation in white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) that comprise one blue LED, one green phosphor, as well as one red phosphor. The Ce ion is most likely at an eight-coordinated Ca position in the base crystal for said phosphor, which posesses orthorhombic CaFe2O4 configuration. The effect of burning temperature and dopant concentration on luminous strength was examined, and it was discovered that the optimal temperature and concentration reached 1,600 °C and 1 mol % Ce replaced in the Ca site, respectively. By substituting Mg for Ca, the luminous maximum wavelength moved towards greater values. Substituting Ca using Sr, on the other hand, and yielded changes towards lesser wavelengths.

The (Ba,Ca)ScO2F:Bi3+,K+ phosphor with narrow emission band and green emission color peaking at 510 nm is demonstrated in the study. This phosphor is prepared using a solid-state reaction at high temperatures. Based on characterizing data, the increasing concentration of Ca2+ induces the shrinkage of the unit cell and the narrower spacing, leading to the increase in the photoluminescence of the phosphor. This also cause a red shift in the emitting range from 504 nm to 510 nm. The phosphor shows good absorption peaking at 415 nm, matching the excitation wavelength of the used nearultraviolet (UV) light emitting diode (LED) chip. When being applied in a white light‐emitting diodes (WLED) with 4,000 K, the phosphor could increase the luminous flux as its doping concentration increase. Besides, the WLED doping (Ba, Ca) ScO2F: Bi3+, K+ shows emission regions in blue, green, and red wavelength bands. The data from the study indicates that the phosphor is potential for developing the white-LED for backlight purposes.

Through a solid state process, YBO3:Ce3+,Tb3+ was created via rare earth oxides along with boric acid. The phosphor absorbs close-ultraviolet illumination through the transitions 4f-5d of Ce3+, then emits a wide spectrum of light through the transitions 5d-4f of Ce3+ and a sharp spectrum of light through the transitions 4f-4f of Tb3+. Nonradioactive power transmission between Ce3+ and Tb3+ has been seen in samples with varying amounts of Ce3+ and Tb3+ using spectroscopic analysis. The quantities of Ce3+ as well as Tb3+ decides the hue for the YBO3:Ce3+,Tb3+ emission, ranging between blue and green. The Y0.82Ce0.03Tb0.15BO3 phosphor, which emits green light when optimized, has an exterior quantum effectiveness of 76.7% and an emission color of (0.309, 0.547). This phosphor's luminescence strength maintains 87% of its strength at ambient temperature, demonstrating enough heat stability for white illumination emitting diode implementations.

The optimal spectral characteristics and photometric qualities in white-emitting light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) featuring red-emitting LEDs instead of phosphor (pc/R-WLEDs) were determined using the luminescent efficiency (LE) theory. The color quality scale (Rf) is higher than 97K for correlating color temperature (CCTs) ranging between 2700K and 6500K. We first identified genuine pc/R-WLEDs having Rf levels at 96–97, LE levels at 120–124 lm/W with CCT levels at 2969K, 4468K, 5682K, as well as 6558K with the utilization of all four-color phosphors: blues (448 nm), reddish (650 nm) LEDs, greenish (507 nm), and yellowish (586 nm). When compared to phosphorus-converted white-emitting LEDs (pc-WLEDs) and quantum dots white-emitting LEDs (QD-WLEDs), the pc/R-WLEDs, rather than the QD-WLED, would make better representatives of improved color version, notably in the reduced color temperatures, and could eventually replace current pc-WLEDs.

The molten salt synthesis (MSS) method was used to effectively prepare green phosphors BaAl1.4Si0.6O3.4N0.6:Eu2+ (or BSON:Eu2+) via one homogeneous sphere-like morphology utilizing NaNO3 in the form of the reacting agent. The phosphors produced one wide stimulation spectrum between 250 and 460 nm, as well as a significant green emission has a maximum point at 510 nm owing to the 4f65d1-4f7 (8S7/2) shifts for Eu2+ ions. With illumination under 365 as well as 450 nm, the ideal discharge strengths for the specimen prepared utilizing melted salt would receive a boost of 17% and 13%, surpassing the specimen prepared utilizing the traditional solid-state reaction (SSR) approach. The abatement of concentration for the ions of Eu2+ from BSON:Eu2+ is 5 mol%. In addition, the interactivity of dipole-dipole would be the cause of said abatement. Heat abatement would be studied utilizing the formation coordinate method with abatement temperature reaching ∼200 oC. Elemental mapping as well as power-dispersing X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra demonstrated that the expected BaAl1.4Si0.6O3.4N0.6:Eu2+ materials were formed.