Мария Викторовна Шеенкова

Introduction. The results of epidemiological studies indicate to a high prevalence of occupational interstitial lung diseases (ILD), necessitating the improvement of respiratory rehabilitation programs. Physical training is a priority area of rehabilitation; however, evaluating its effectiveness requires investigating the trend in clinical and functional parameters in patients.Objective. To comprehensively assess the rehabilitation efficacy of physical training in patients with occupational ILD.Materials and methods. The study included thirty five men with pneumoconiosis. A course of aerobic physical training was conducted with workload dosing according to the Karvonen formula. Anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, spirometry, the 6-minute walk test, oxygen saturation, dyspnea according to the Borg scale, and psychological status assessed by the SAN (Well-being, Activity, Mood) questionnaire were evaluated.Results. A decrease in body mass index was observed alongside an increase in relative skeletal muscle mass, an increase in basal metabolic rate, and positive changes in the lipid profile. Improvement in the patients’ functional capacity was reflected in an increased distance on the 6-minute walk test, reduced dyspnea, and improved psychological status.Limitations. The study considered only short-term effects of aerobic training, without analyzing long-term outcomes (frequency of exacerbations, hospitalizations, survival).Conclusion. Aerobic training in patients with pneumoconiosis improves exercise tolerance, reduces dyspnea, and optimizes metabolic status and psycho-emotional wellbeing.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in compliance with ethical standards, approved at a meeting of the Local Ethics Committee of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene (Protocol No. 6 dated July 22, 2023), and conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki. Voluntary informed consent was obtained from all participants.Contributions: Sheenkova M.V. — study concept and design, literature review, data collection and statistical processing, manuscript writing, discussion of results, statistical analysis, editing; Yatsyna I.V. — study concept and design, discussion of results, editing; Savicheva N.M. — collection of literature data, statistical analysis, text writing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Received: April 3, 2026 / Revised: April 10, 2026 / Accepted: May 20, 2026 / Published: June 18, 2026

Introduction. To implement the national project “Demography”, specialists of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, have created a training (educational) program on healthy nutrition for workers in difficult and harmful working conditions. The planned outcome of the program is to increase the educational qualification in matters of healthy nutrition in working collectives. The purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of using by engineering workers educational materials on healthy nutrition. Materials and methods. A study of the nutritional status and the state of actual nutrition in one hundred eight mechanical engineering workers aged 29 to 53 years with work experience in harmful working conditions for over 5 years was carried out; dynamic monitoring was carried out 6 months after the implementation of the training program on healthy nutrition. Results. In the initial study, the proportion of overweight or obese workers was 43.5%. The causes of the imbalance of the diet by the main food groups have been determined: vegetables, fruits, fish, cereals, including whole grain dishes and legumes, products with a high content of saturated fats of animal origin, products with a high glycemic index, added sugar, table salt. The calculation of the energy value and daily intake of macronutrients and vitamins was carried out. Dynamic monitoring 6 months after the start of preventive intervention showed that the structure of the nutritional status of the surveyed has changed for the better, the proportion of workers adhering to the principles of healthy nutrition has increased. At the same time, the insufficient effectiveness of the training program in terms of the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins D, B1, B2, K in the nutrition of mechanical engineering workers was revealed. Limitations of research. The research materials are limited to the results of preventive counseling for 108 workers in mechanical engineering and a time interval of 6 months. Conclusion. The implementation of the key recommendations of the training program led to an increase in the number of employees adhering to the principles of healthy nutrition, which had a positive effect on the nutritional status in the surveyed cases.

Introduction. The article examines the impact of occupational stress on the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among workers in chemical production. The study covers two groups of employees from chemical industry enterprises with different levels of process automation — ethylbenzene-styrene (EBS) and ethylene-propylene (EP) production. The purpose — to investigate the effect of occupational stress on the development of cardiovascular diseases among workers in specific chemical industries and to develop a set of preventive measures aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods. The study included an analysis of working conditions, the psychophysiological state of employees using standardized questionnaires (“DORS,” HADS, Reeder), as well as results from periodic medical examinations. Results. Operators of ethylene-propylene (EP) production, working in conditions of more pronounced exposure to harmful production factors (class of working conditions 3.2), have a higher level of anxiety, stress and fatigue, compared to operators of ethylbenzene-styrene (EBS) (class of working conditions 3.1). The operators of the EP production showed a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (34.3% versus 27.2% among the automation center workers working under the acceptable class of working conditions), as well as a significant prevalence of subclinical anxiety (37.9% versus 21.7% among the automation center workers). The analysis of risk factors according to the SCORE scale showed a higher cardiovascular risk among the workers of this production. Limitations include the lack of consideration of individual risk factors among workers and the subjectivity of stress assessment methods. Conclusion. Based on the study results, a set of preventive measures was developed to reduce the negative impact of occupational stress on workers. The proposed measures should be incorporated into the corporate program and focus on optimizing working conditions, training in stress management techniques, and health monitoring.

Introduction. The relevance of optimizing medical and preventive measures for occupation-related arterial hypertension is determined by the significant prevalence of the disease among workers in hazardous industries and the social significance of the disease. The validity of studying the addition of psychophysiological effects to drug therapy is associated with a sufficient volume of research proving the pathogenetic role of chronic stress in the development of arterial hypertension. The purpose. To study of the effectiveness of the psychophysiological component of medical and preventive measures for occupation-related arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. An observational comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of programs of resonance-acoustic oscillations in patients with arterial hypertension working in conditions where hygienic standards for indicators of industrial noise, heating microclimate, and labour intensity exceeded the norms. The study was conducted using dynamic monitoring of arterial pressure indices before and after sessions of psychophysiological correction conducted against the background of individually selected hypotensive therapy. The comparison group included patients with arterial hypertension of the same enterprise who received only drug therapy. Results. Positive trend were revealed in the form of a decrease in clinical blood pressure (BP), average daily and average night-time BP values, and arterial pressure variability after sessions of psychophysiological correction conducted against the background of individually selected hypotensive therapy. The effectiveness of the impact of resonance-acoustic oscillation programs in the main group was established in the form of a decrease in clinical systolic BP, average daily systolic BP, and average night-time systolic BP relative to similar indices in the examined control group. Limitations. The patients were workers in the aircraft engineering industry, working in conditions where hygienic standards for industrial noise, heating microclimate, and labour intensity were exceeded. It is difficult to isolate the leading factor causing hypertension. The data are limited to voluntary study participants. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the psychophysiological component of medical and preventive measures for occupation-related arterial hypertension has been established.

Introduction. The working conditions in medical workers are characterized by high tension, which leads to a violation of the psycho-emotional state in health care workers, including professional burnout, the features of which depend on the neurophysiological type of personality, the severity of chronic stress, and the level of commitment to a healthy lifestyle. The purpose is to identify risk factors for professional burnout and evaluate the effectiveness of preventing professional burnout in medical workers in conditions of increased work intensity. Materials and methods. The study included medical workers with indices of the intensity of the labour process of class 3.1 and 3.2. The questionnaire method was used to determine: the features of the formation of professional burnout, characteristics of the type of nervous system, the index of adherence to a healthy lifestyle, stress level, subjective assessment of the psychological state. The analysis of the trend in indices of professional burnout and psychological state after group psychosomatic correction sessions was carried out. Results. The structure of professional burnout in medical workers was dominated by high rates of reduction of professional achievements (53.8%), the frequency of emotional exhaustion was 25.6%, depersonalization – 30.8%. The probability of developing emotional exhaustion in persons with an average strength of the nervous system was 3.8 times higher than in persons with a strong type of nervous system. A lack of commitment to a healthy lifestyle is associated with an increased frequency of emotional exhaustion. The positive trend in indices of professional burnout and subjective assessment of the psychological state after the preventive program of resonant acoustic vibrations has been achieved. Limitations. The subjects were employees of a medical institution working under conditions of exposure to the intensity of the labour process exceeding hygienic standards. The data is limited to voluntary study participants. Conclusions. The features of the formation of professional burnout in medical workers are determined. The effectiveness of the program for the prevention of professional burnout with the use of group psychosomatic correction has been confirmed.

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, there is a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among workers in hazardous industries. The modern concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology includes provisions on multifactoriality. Timely detection of disorders of lipid metabolism is extremely important, since the atherosclerotic process is one of the most important factors of cardiovascular risk. Analysis of the modifiable causes of the development of dyslipidemia in workers of industrial enterprises, the main component of which is poor nutrition, is of undoubted relevance The purpose is to study the characteristics of the diet in terms of the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia, as a cardiovascular risk factor, for workers of industrial enterprises. Materials and methods. There were examined fifty seven 47–62 years male employees in the engineering industry, working under conditions of exposure to harmful production factors, such as the severity of the labour process and noise, exceeding hygienic standards. The examinees were divided into two groups taking into account the blood lipid spectrum. The first group included workers with atherogenic dyslipidemia (37 people), the second group of 20 people consisted of workers with an optimal lipid profile. The subjects of both groups are comparable in terms of experience, age, and level of physical activity. Laboratory studies included the determination of lipid spectrum indices. The assessment of the actual nutrition by the frequency method with a quantitative assessment of the consumed food products was carried out. The reliability of differences in characteristics was determined using the Pearson criterion. Results. The diets in workers with atherogenic dyslipidemia more often exceeded the physiological needs for energy, total fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids in comparison with the diets of workers with an optimal lipid profile, the differences in cholesterol intake were statistically significant. Insufficient intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber also had differences between the groups of the examined: it was more often observed in the diet of people with dyslipidemia, achieving significant differences in the level of dietary fiber deficiency. Limitations. The subjects were workers in the mechanical engineering industry, working under conditions of exposure to the severity of the labor process and noise that exceeded hygienic standards. Data are limited to voluntary study participants. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the importance of developing healthy eating habits as one of the directions for effectively reducing cardiovascular risk and preventing atherosclerosis in workers in the mechanical engineering industry in particular, and hazardous industries, in general.

Introduction: Health effects of welding fumes in workers are not limited to fibrosis and irritation of the respiratory tract. Inhalation of a complex mixture of particles and gases from the workplace air can cause damage to the central nervous system and higher incidence of nonoccupational diseases attributed to toxic, allergic, and carcinogenic effects of this risk factor. Objective: To study characteristics of somatic comorbidities in welders with occupational diseases of the respiratory system. Materials and methods: The study involved 140 male patients aged 48 to 60 years suffering from occupational respiratory diseases. The main (first) group included gas and electric welders while the reference group consisted of miners and millers with silica-related lung diseases. The mean occupational exposure to industrial aerosols in the groups was 22.8 ± 6.7 and 22.3 ± 6.9 years, respectively. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and clinical laboratory testing of the workers. The intergroup differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: We established that lesions of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum were the most prevalent comorbidities in the electric welders (72.7 %), followed by dyslipidemia (47.3 %), stage I hypertension (36.4 %), liver diseases (31.8 %), kidney damage (31.1 %), stage II and III hypertension (27.8 %). Coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus were much less frequent and observed in only 4.5 % of the welders. Mucosal lesion of the upper gastrointestinal tract and liver diseases were more prevalent in the welders compared to the reference group. Study limitations: Statistical analysis was carried out using a nonparametric test to compare two independent samples. Conclusions: Exposure to welding fumes inducing occupational respiratory diseases increases the frequency of a combination of such nonoccupational diseases as lesions of the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract and liver damage.

Introduction. The article discusses the features of nutrition and the formation of the metabolic syndrome in workers in dust-hazardous industries. The relevance and urgency of studying the relation of nutrition to the development of obesity, arterial hypertension, impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is due to the steady progression of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome both in the population as a whole and among workers in hazardous industries. The purpose. Hygienic assessment of the actual nutrition in different age groups from the standpoint of the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in workers of the industrial enterprises. Materials and methods. Sixty four workers aged of 51.0±8.7 years, the average work experience being 18.4±6.9 years were surveyed in the mining and engineering industries,. The ones surveyed were divided into two groups taking into account their age: the first group included people from 30 to 44 years (28 people), the second group included people aged 45 to 60 years (36 ones). The research methods included the assessment of actual nutrition, anthropometry, measurement of blood pressure, clarification of the glycemic profile and lipid spectrum. Results. The actual nutrition of workers in hazardous industries was found to be off-balanced in terms of macronutrient intake. In the age group of 30-44 years, a significant increase in the risk of developing metabolic syndrome was determined due to alcohol consumption, exceeding the norm of added sugar. In the older group (45-60 years), the risk of developing metabolic syndrome increased due to the excessive amount of total fats in the diet and a deficiency of dietary fibers. Limitations. The study included 64 workers aged 30 to 60 years, the correlation analysis of the compared indicators was carried out using a quantitative scale, when calculating the odds ratio, the indicators were measured on a nominal scale. Conclusion. There are revealed age-related features of actual nutrition of workers in dust-hazardous occupations, resulting in the development of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome, requiring further study to develop effective measures for the nutritional prevention of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Currently, the biological value of colostrum is generally considered as a resource of biotechnologies for the production of functional food products capable of purposefully improving the state of actual nutrition of certain categories of the population. At the same time, the use of essential micronutrients included in colostrum is significantly limited by the complexity of technological processes for the manufacture of biologically active additives based on a natural product. The article is devoted to the generalization and systematization of available information about the macronutrient composition of colostrum, the biological value of essential micronutrients included in the product, immunomodulatory, regulatory and prebiotic properties. The authors present examples of the use of colostrum and its fractions in the form of medicines and biologically active food additives. The possibilities of using a functional food product based on colostrum in industrial workers as a physiologically functional food ingredient with antioxidant effect, radioprotective properties, the possibility of neutralizing xenobiotics, binding heavy metals, arsenic compounds, cyanides, aromatic hydrocarbons are substantiated. The resource for information search is the bibliographic databases Medline and RSCI.

Ntroduction. The article is devoted to the study of the features of the metabolic pathology of the liver under the influence of harmful industrial factors. The relevance of the study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of workers in contact with industrial aerosols is due to the high prevalence of the disease among the working-age population, the polyethological nature of the pathology, including the pathogenetic relationship with external household and occupational toxic effects. Materials and methods. The were examined two hundred four industrial production workers, divided into four groups according to the composition of the affected aerosol: copper-nickel ore dust, welding aerosol, quartz-containing dust, carbon-based dust. The survey was conducted using the AUDIT questionnaire, examination of patients, anthropometry, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, biochemical blood analysis, determination of viral hepatitis B and C markers, and serum immunoglobulins. Results. The frequency of detection of ultrasonic signs of liver damage in the examined patients who came into contact with copper-nickel aerosol dust significantly exceeds the same indicator of the studied patients who came into contact with quartz-containing dust (p0.05). Most often, an increase in the activity of liver enzymes was noted among those working in contact with copper-nickel ore dust. Significant differences were found between groups 1 and 3; 1 and 4 (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in the frequency of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders and biliary tract pathology. Discussion. The results of the study may be related to the toxic effects of the copper-nickel aerosol but may also be associated with the climatogeographic features of the workers ‘ habitat. Conclusion. The prevalence of liver diseases in the group that came into contact with copper-nickel dust was established. The revealed changes do not depend on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism features, pathology of the biliary tract. For a detailed study of liver damage in industrial workers, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study.