Moon Jung Kim

The indicator “mean years of schooling (MYS)” has been one of two education indicators in the Human Development Index calculated by UNDP since 2010. In view of greatly expanded role of education in modern development, this study develops a multivariate panel regression model of socio-economic factors where changing rate of MYS becomes the dependent variable. This research develops a model of socio-economic determining factors where changing the rate of MYS is the dependent variable. The proposed model will include five independent variables to assess the impact on MYS for 97 countries from 1995 to 2017. The most important finding is that dependency with a negative impact on MYS was the most influential factor, followed by urbanization with a positive impact on MYS. The impact from income with a positive impact and population with a negative impact was the third most important factor depending on the income and urbanization subgroup. This study highlighted the offsetting impact of dependency rate and urbanization rate to length of education depending on the income and urbanization subgroups of countries. However, the general policy implications proposed here are subjected to substantial revision if the analysis of scaling results from income and urbanization subgroup analysis are incorporated, because the impact from these two offsetting factors would vary widely depending on the particular subgroup.

Despite numerous studies on multiple socio-economic factors influencing urban PM_2.5 pollution in China, only a few comparable studies have focused on developed countries. We analyzed the impact of three major socio-economic factors (i.e., income per capita, population density, and population size of a city) on PM_2.5 concentrations for 254 cities from six developed countries. We used the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model with three separate data sets covering the period of 2001 to 2013. Each data set of 254 cities were further categorized into five subgroups of cities ranked by variable levels of income, density, and population. The results from the multivariate panel regression revealed a wide variation of coefficients. The most consistent results came from the six income coefficients, all of which met the statistical test of significance. All income coefficients except one carried negative signs, supporting the applicability of the environmental Kuznet curve. In contrast, the five density coefficients produced statistically significant positive signs, supporting the results from previous studies. However, we discovered an interesting U-shaped distribution of density coefficients across the six subgroups of cities, which may be unique to developed countries with urban pollution. The results from the population coefficients were not conclusive, which is similar to the results of previous studies. Implications from the results of this study for urban and national policy makers are discussed.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between individual team member's perception of team psychological safety (TPS), individual team member's perception of transactive memory system (TMS), individual team member's perception of team learning behavior (TLB) and individual team member's perception of team performance (TP).Design/methodology/approach: This cross-sectional study used a paper-based questionnaire that was distributed to 500 employees in travel-related industries and responses were received from 467 employees. Finally, 394 surveys were used after excluding insincere responses. Using SPSS & AMOS version 25.0, factor analysis, correlation, path analysis and mediation analysis were performed.Findings: The findings reveal that there is a significant association between TPS, TMS, TLB and TP, except for the specialization subdimension of TMS and reflective communication and knowledge codification subdimensions of TLB. There was no mediation role of TLB; however, credibility and task coordination subdimensions of TMS showed partial mediating effects between TPS and TP.Originality/value: This study offers suggestions for management, emphasizing the importance of TPS. Recent and rapid organizational changes have dramatically increased employees' job insecurity, which can affect their psychological safety. Therefore, organizations should actively support employees to feel psychologically stable to improve performance by utilizing TMS and TLB among individual team members.

The indicator 'mean years of schooling (MYS)' has been one of two education indicators in the Human Development Index calculated by UNDP since 2010. In view of greatly expanded role of education in modern development, this study develops a multivariate panel regression model of socio-economic factors where changing rate of MYS becomes the dependent variable. This research develops a model of socio-economic determining factors where changing the rate of MYS is the dependent variable. The proposed model will include five independent variables to assess the impact on MYS for 97 countries from 1995 to 2017. The most important finding is that dependency with a negative impact on MYS was the most influential factor, followed by urbanization with a positive impact on MYS. The impact from income with a positive impact and population with a negative impact was the third most important factor depending on the income and urbanization subgroup. Several policy implications can be derived from this study. For the whole group of 97 countries, the magnitude of a negative impact with a dependency coefficient of -0.303 was not substantially different from the positive impact of 0.27 from urbanization. Therefore, growth rate differential between the two factors will determine future duration of MYS. However, the general policy implications proposed here are subjected to substantial revision if the analysis of scaling results from income and urbanization subgroup analysis are incorporated, because the impact from these two offsetting factors would vary widely depending on the particular subgroup.

본 연구의 목적은 최근 서비스 산업의 지속적인 성장에 따른 조직운영의 효과성 개선을 위하여 공적 서비스업과 사적 서비스업에 종사하는 종업원을 대상으로 긍정심리자본, 심리적 주인의식, 직무만족 및 직무성과 간의 관계를 살펴보는 것이다. 실증분석 결과 (1) 긍정심리자본의 자기효능감, 희망, 낙관주의는 심리적 주인의식에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 복원력은 심리적 주인의식에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. (2) 심리적 주인의식은 직무만족과 직무성과 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, (3) 긍정심리자본의 희망과 낙관주의는 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 자기효능감과 복원력은 직무만족에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. (4) 긍정심리자본의 낙관주의는 직무성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 자기효능감과 희망, 복원력은 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. (5) 심리적 주인의식은 긍정심리자본의 자기효능감, 희망, 낙관주의와 직무만족 및 직무성과 간의 관계에서 매개역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났으나, 복원력과 직무만족 및 직무성과 간의 관계에서 심리적 주인의식은 매개역할을 수행하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과는 조직운영의 효율성 개선을 위하여 과거에는 간과하였던 조직구성원 개인의 심리적‧정서적 요인의 중요성을 인지하고자 한다. 아울러, 조직은 인적자원의 심리적 강점을 활용하여 조직의 효율성 향상에 기여할 수 있도록 지속적인 프로그램 개발과 훈련이 다각도로 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

In this study, we develop a conceptual model of the relationship between job insecurity and job performance, which is mediated by affective organizational commitment and moderated by perceived organizational support in domestic financial institutions that experienced downsizing. A cross-sectional study with 678 questionnaires obtained from employees working at domestic financial institutions found that job insecurity negatively affects job performance, which is a relationship that is partially mediated by affective organizational commitment. Moreover, a high level of perceived organizational support has been shown to enhance the effects of the relationship between job insecurity and affective organizational commitment. To minimize the negative effects of job insecurity on the active employees of downsizing strategy, an affective intervention is required by developing a more realistic communications in terms of workers" expectations toward the organization.